Showing papers by "Deakin University published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of manufacturing flexibility on the design of management control systems and the use of integrative liaison devices and found that the role of accounting or other efficiency-based performance measures declines in those firms with a commitment to manufacturing flexibility.
Abstract: Despite anecdotal evidence questioning the relevance of management accounting in firms pursuing “new” manufacturing strategies, the exact nature and role of accounting information for controlling manufacturing activities has received little empirical attention. This study examines the impact of manufacturing flexibility on the design of management control systems. In particular, we examine the implications of flexibility on the use of efficiency-based performance measurement systems and the use of integrative liaison devices. We collected data, through semi-structured interviews, from general managers in manufacturing firms in Melbourne, Australia. These interview data were used to develop measures for the constructs of interest. Exploratory analysis of the data indicates that integrative liaison devices are a critical form of control in managing the implementation of flexible manufacturing strategies. However, the role of accounting or other efficiency-based performance measures declines in those firms with a commitment to manufacturing flexibility.
503 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that a population standard for life satisfaction can be expressed as 75.0 ± 2.5 percent of the maximum score of the measurement scale maximum score.
Abstract: The absence of a ‘gold standard’ for subjective well-being has severely hampered the interpretation of data from empirical studies. This paper demonstrates a remarkable consistency among the results of 16 studies that have investigated ‘life satisfaction’ among large samples drawn from the general population. It is concluded that a population standard for ‘life satisfaction’ can be expressed as 75.0 ± 2.5 percent of the measurement scale maximum score.
393 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that RS has a significant impact on putative markers of colonic health in humans and the presence of starch in the colon may affect the fermentation of NSP.
278 citations
TL;DR: A consistent finding across studies is that many people show a high level of knowledge of the dangers of excessive sun exposure and the need for sun protection, however, this knowledge often does not transfer into behaviour, with many people, particularly adolescents, still desiring and actively seeking a suntan.
232 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The use of admissible search is of potential value to the machine learning community as it means that the exact learning biases to be employed for complex learning tasks can be precisely specified and manipulated.
Abstract: OPUS is a branch and bound search algorithm that enables efficient admissible search through spaces for which the order of search operator application is not significant. The algorithm's search efficiency is demonstrated with respect to very large machine learning search spaces. The use of admissible search is of potential value to the machine learning community as it means that the exact learning biases to be employed for complex learning tasks can be precisely specified and manipulated. OPUS also has potential for application in other areas of artificial intelligence, notably, truth maintenance.
198 citations
TL;DR: OPUS as discussed by the authors is a branch and bound search algorithm that enables efficient admissible search through spaces for which the order of search operator application is not significant, and has potential for application in other areas of artificial intelligence, notably, truth maintenance.
Abstract: OPUS is a branch and bound search algorithm that enables efficient admissible search through spaces for which the order of search operator application is not significant. The algorithm's search efficiency is demonstrated with respect to very large machine learning search spaces. The use of admissible search is of potential value to the machine learning community as it means that the exact learning biases to be employed for complex learning tasks can be precisely specified and manipulated. OPUS also has potential for application in other areas of artificial intelligence, notably, truth maintenance.
197 citations
TL;DR: In the early Early Permian (Asselian to Early Artinskian), there seems to have existed sharp biogeographical boundaries with no transitional zones between the realms, presumably due to the effect of Gondwanan glaciation and sharp climatic zonation as mentioned in this paper.
164 citations
TL;DR: This article showed that it is not technically proper to recognise cultural, heritage and scientific collections as assets for financial reporting purposes, and that museums in the US, European Union (including the UK) and Canada do not report their collections to the International Accounting Standards Board.
Abstract: That museum and like collections have cultural, heritage, scientific and educational values is widely appreciated. However, accounting standard setters in Australia and New Zealand have recently advocated that public arts institutions bring their collections to account as assets for financial reporting purposes. There are no similar requirements in the US, European Union (including the UK) and Canada; nor has the International Accounting Standards Board made such a recommendation. From surveys of current accounting practices, it is apparent that, by and large, arts institutions in the English-speaking world do not report their collections for financial reporting purposes. This paper demonstrates that it is not technically proper to recognise cultural, heritage and scientific collections as assets for financial reporting purposes.
137 citations
Book•
27 Jan 1995TL;DR: In this article, a theory of the African mind is proposed for mental health in colonial mental health systems and a theory into practice: Carothers and the politics of Mau Mau 6.
Abstract: Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Psychiatry and colonial practice 3. Some contemporary reviews of colonial mental health systems 4. Towards a theory of the African mind 5. Theory into practice: Carothers and the politics of Mau Mau 6. African intelligence, sexuality and psyche 7. The African family and the colonial personality 8. The elements of orthodoxy 9. From psychiatry to politics 10. Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.
118 citations
TL;DR: The common expectation of committees established in the wake of the corporate debacles during 1980s in the English-speaking world is that the audit committee device will raise the standards of corporate accountability and governance by improving the quality of financial reporting.
Abstract: The common expectation of committees established in the wake of the corporate debacles during 1980s in the English-speaking world is that the audit committee device will raise the standards of corporate accountability and governance by improving the quality of financial reporting. That expectation is based on the prevalent belief that by strengthening the independence of auditors and non-executive directors audit committee members will monitor the financial reporting process in an independent manner. Unless accounting practices are reformed so that financial statements can be authenticated by recourse to reliable commercial evidence, audit committees are red herrings. Such reforms are essential if audit committee members are to keep under vigilant appraisal matters pertaining to the financial governance of, and reporting by, firms: the raison d'etre of their appointment.
113 citations
TL;DR: Two meals which differed greatly in resistant starch (RS) concentration, but otherwise had similar macronutrient composition (including nonstarch polysaccharides), were fed for breakfast to five subjects with ileostomies, providing additional validation of an in vitro resistant starch assay.
TL;DR: The colonic fermentation of two diets differing in amounts of resistant starch (RS) was studied and it is suggested that RS may have effects comparable with those of some fermentable dietary fibers.
TL;DR: In this article, the Masculinities in Schools: under siege, on the defensive and under reconstruction? Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 59-79.
Abstract: (1995). Masculinities in Schools: under siege, on the defensive and under reconstruction? Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 59-79.
TL;DR: In this article, the random packed states for some nonspherical particles were investigated by computer simulation and good agreement was found between the computer simulated and experimental values of the packing density for random close packing.
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The sexuality of people with mild intellectual disability was assessed via administration of the Measure to Assess Sexual and Relational Knowledge, Experience, Feelings and Needs (Sex Ken-ID), an instrument developed to enable direct and comprehensive assessment of these areas preliminary to designing appropriate sex education programs.
Abstract: The sexuality of people with mild intellectual disability was assessed via administration of the Measure to Assess Sexual and Relational Knowledge, Experience, Feelings and Needs (Sex Ken-ID), an i...
TL;DR: Estimates of literature estimates of 20:4(n-6) intake of 200-1000 mg/d are too high, possibly because of incorrect values in food composition tables where high amounts of tissue arachidonic acid are recorded in margarines, some vegetable products and animal fat.
Abstract: Linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet and is considered to be the primary source of tissue arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)]. Dietary 20:4(n-6) may also contribute to tissue 20:4(n-6) levels in humans, but the extent of this contribution is unclear. We believe that literature estimates of 20:4(n-6) intake of 200-1000 mg/d are too high, possibly because of incorrect values in food composition tables where high amounts of 20:4(n-6) are recorded in margarines, some vegetable products and animal fat. We assessed the 20:4(n-6) content of common Australian foods and found that the 20:4(n-6) levels (on a 100-g edible basis), were 891 mg and 390 mg, respectively, for duck and chicken egg yolks, 294 mg for liver, 153 mg for kidney, 75 mg for skinless turkey, 56 mg for lean pork, 49 mg for lean lamb, 31 mg for chicken breast, 56 mg for chicken legs and 35 mg for lean beef. Eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] levels were < 10 mg/100 g in chicken meat, turkey meat, emu meat and chicken eggs, whereas the values for 20:5(n-3) for beef, lamb, liver, kidney and duck egg yolk ranged from 11 to 138 mg/100 g food. Applying our current 20:4(n-6) measurements to previously determined food intakes of Australian adults determined in an Australiawide survey in 1983, we estimated the mean 20:4(n-6) intake for Australian adult males to be 130 mg/d and females 96 mg/d. Whether such intakes of dietary 20:4(n-6) make an important contribution to tissue 20:4(n-6) levels is uncertain.
TL;DR: The accumulation by the SPMDs of many early eluting and unidentified halogenated hydrocarbons, which were primarily absent in the mussels, suggested that the S PMDs may be capable of more precisely defining the presence of certain contaminants in the water column.
TL;DR: In this paper, parental stress attributed to both a child with an intellectual disability and their youngest child without a disability was examined over a seven-year period, and support was examined in relation to the life stages of disability diagnosis, starting school and completing school.
Abstract: Parental stress attributed to both a child with an intellectual disability and their youngest child without a disability was examined over a seven year period. Stress and support were also examined in relation to the life stages of disability diagnosis, starting school and completing school. Stress attributed to the child with a disability was greater than stress attributed to the youngest child without a disability and remained high over the seven year period, however, an increased level of stress was attributed to the child without a disability. In terms of life stages, diagnosis of intellectual disability in a child remained as the most stress‐inducing of the life events included in the study, however, most parents had also experienced heightened stress at the time their child started school, and also during the transition from school to work. The support parents found most helpful reflected their changing focus of worry over time. The implications and limitations of this study arc discussed.
TL;DR: Although the MF diet is not a low-fat diet, it did not appear to facilitate weight gain in subjects with NIDDM living at home and provides an alternative for individuals unable to comply with HCLF diets.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a high-carbohydrate low-fat (HCLF) and a modified-fat (MF) diet on body weight and metabolic control in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) living at home. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-four NIDDM patients followed HCLF and MF diets alternately and in random order for a 3-month period while at home, with a 1-month baseline and washout between diets. Before and after each diet, fasting glucose and lipids, HbA lc , blood pressure, and body weight were measured. Dietary preferences were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS Subjects consumed 50% of energy as carbohydrate and 23% as fat on the HCLF diet and 40% of energy as carbohydrate and 36% as fat (over half of which was monounsaturated fat) on the MF diet. Subjects lost weight on both HCLF and MF diets (mean loss 0.7 and 1.3 kg, respectively). Although the MF diet resulted in a small decrease in fasting glucose levels, there was no significant change in HbA 1c . Similarly, there was no significant difference between the diets in changes in blood pressure or fasting blood lipids. Most subjects (65%) preferred the MF diet. CONCLUSIONS Although the MF diet is not a low-fat diet, it did not appear to facilitate weight gain in subjects with NIDDM living at home. The MF diet provides an alternative for individuals unable to comply with HCLF diets.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a single-sex educational setting on girls' computing experience and attitudes were investigated, and they found that diversity of computing experience was the strongest predictor of high school girls' attitudes toward computers.
Abstract: The effects of a single-sex educational setting on girls' computing experience and attitudes were investigated. Questionnaire data were collected from a sample of 231 high school girls (aged approximately 15 years) from three single-sex and two co-educational schools in Victoria, Australia. Girls from single-sex settings were found to have more experience with computers, and more positive attitudes toward computers than girls from co-educational settings. However, once the effects of experience with computers were partialed out, there was no effect of educational setting on computing attitudes. Diversity of computing experience was the strongest predictor of high school girls' attitudes toward computers. The findings indicate the importance of designing computing curricula for girls which emphasize a broad range of computing activities in preference to focusing on skill development in a single area.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between risk perception, sexual risk-taking and locus of control among injecting drug users (IDUs) and found that only IDUs with an internal locus-of-control made moderately accurate assessments of their risk.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the factorial validity of a four-factor model of gender stereotypes in 888 subjects (97% Anglo-Australian Caucasian) and found that this model fitted the data better than either two-factor models consisting of overall masculinity and femininity or a one-factor bipolar model.
Abstract: The present study investigated the factorial validity of a four-factor model of gender stereotypes in 888 subjects (97% Anglo-Australian Caucasian). The scale reflected the constructs desirable masculinity, desirable femininity, undesirable masculinity and undesirable femininity. LISREL analyses showed that this four-factor model fitted the data better than either a two-factor model consisting of overall masculinity and femininity or an one-factor bipolar model. Furthermore, the study highlights the utility of studying both desirable and undesirable gender traits as they generally predicted different behaviors for males and females.
TL;DR: The view that fish can be fed alternately with animal- and plant-protein-based diets of varied protein levels is supported, which would help to reduce protein input, and would contribute to the efficient utilization of low-quality, plant- protein-based dinners.
Abstract: A 90-day growth trial was conducted with common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., to test the suitability of mixed feeding using a plant-based low-protein diet (16% -diet A), and two fish-meal-based diets of 26% protein (diet B) and 31% protein (diet C). Three mixed feeding schedules were tested: 1A/2B, 2A/2B and 2A/2C; numerals refer to number of days each diet (A, B or C) was offered continuously. Fish fed diets A, B or C continuously served as controls. Fish grown on diet A grew the least, while there was no significant difference between those fed on diets B or C. Of the three mixed schedules, 2A/2C produced the highest growth, which was better than that on control diets B or C. Specific growth rate (%) and food conversion ratio and protein retention were found to be good for all mixed feeding schedules. The plant protein diet resulted in poor-quality flesh as indicated by carcass composition. The study supports the view that fish can be fed alternately with animal- and plant-protein-based diets of varied protein levels. This practice would help to reduce protein input, and would contribute to the efficient utilization of low-quality, plant-protein-based diets.
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical and numerical study of the stress distribution in nutshells being compressed between two rigid plates is presented, and an analytical solution for the contact between a spherical shell and rigid plates has been obtained based on conventional shell theories and Hertz' contact hypothesis, and the results correlate very well with finite element analysis.
Abstract: A theoretical and numerical study of the stress distribution in nutshells being compressed between two rigid plates is presented in Part 1 of this two-part paper. An analytical solution for the contact between a spherical shell and rigid plates has been obtained based on conventional shell theories and Hertz' contact hypothesis, and the results are found to correlate very well with finite element analysis. The effect of the kernel on the deformation and fracture of complete nut-in-shells is also studied using finite element analysis, which shows that the effect of the kernel can be generally ignored as long as the shear modulus of the kernel is lower than that of the shell by two orders of magnitude. A series of tests have been conducted on Macadamia nuts, and the experimental data are discussed in terms of the stress analysis results.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model is presented that is applicable to a wide range of peak-shaped voltammetric signals and can be used, via curve-fitting, to resolve severely overlapped peaks, irrespective of the degree(s) of reversibility of the electrode processes.
TL;DR: In the isotype slide of O. parva and O. perminuta, four different opephoroid taxa could be distinguished; three new combinations are proposed.
Abstract: Opephora parva, O. pacifica and O. perminuta are commonly reported from brackish and marine sediments worldwide, but their true identity is unclear. Therefore, isotype material of these three taxa was examined using light microscopy. In addition, several populations from different localities in Europe, Africa, South America and Australasia were investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. In the isotype slide of O. parva and O. perminuta, four different opephoroid taxa could be distinguished; three new combinations are proposed. The correct name of O. parva is O. mutabilis (Grunow) comb. nov.; this is a distinct, valid species, and is usually reported under the later synonym O. olsenii. O. perminuta is transferred to the genus Pseudostaurosira; P. perminuta (Grunow) comb. nov. The two other taxa were identified as O. naveana Le Cohu and O. guenter-grassii (Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot) comb. nov., which is transferred from the genus Fragilaria. These four taxa were then compared with isotype ma...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the Permian brachiopod assemblages known from the Shan-Thai terrane: a Late Asselian-Tastubian cool-water fauna, three transitional faunas of Sterlitamakian, Baigendzhinian-Early Kungurian and Kazanian-Midian age, respectively.
TL;DR: The response of thin films of fullerene (C60) to energetic ion impact is investigated and it is concluded that each C60 molecule completely disintegrates when hit by an energetic ion.
Abstract: The response of thin films of fullerene (C60) to energetic ion impact is investigated. The diagnostics employed include Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. By combining the information obtained from these diagnostics with that from the dependence of the conductivity on ion dose, it is concluded that each C60 molecule completely disintegrates when hit by an energetic ion. The cross section for the destruction is about 6×10-13 cm2 for irradiation with 620-keV Xe ions. The disintegration occurs when C atoms are knocked out of the molecule either directly by the impinging ion or by an energetic knock-on C atom within the damage cascade. This process is quite different from the Coulomb-explosion mechanism previously proposed in the literature. For very low ion doses (<1×1011 Xe/cm2) most of the C60 molecules remain intact; however this dose is sufficient to completely disrupt the ordering of the C60 molecules in the van der Waals bonded C60 solid. Disruption of the lattice ordering at such low doses is considered to be attributable to the weakness of the van der Waals forces which bind the C60 clusters together into the molecular solid.