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Institution

DECHEMA

NonprofitFrankfurt am Main, Germany
About: DECHEMA is a nonprofit organization based out in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Corrosion & Oxide. The organization has 756 authors who have published 1307 publications receiving 25693 citations.
Topics: Corrosion, Oxide, Coating, Alloy, Catalysis


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evolution of the various aluminum systems, starting from those based on aqueous electrolytes to, in more details, thosebased on non-aqueously electrolytes, are described, attempting to forecast their chances to reach the status of practical energy storage systems.
Abstract: A critical overview of the latest developments in the aluminum battery technologies is reported. The substitution of lithium with alternative metal anodes characterized by lower cost and higher abundance is nowadays one of the most widely explored paths to reduce the cost of electrochemical storage systems and enable long-term sustainability. Aluminum based secondary batteries could be a viable alternative to the present Li-ion technology because of their high volumetric capacity (8040 mAh cm(-3) for Al vs 2046 mAh cm(-3) for Li). Additionally, the low cost aluminum makes these batteries appealing for large-scale electrical energy storage. Here, we describe the evolution of the various aluminum systems, starting from those based on aqueous electrolytes to, in more details, those based on non-aqueous electrolytes. Particular attention has been dedicated to the latest development of electrolytic media characterized by low reactivity towards other cell components. The attention is then focused on electrode materials enabling the reversible aluminum intercalation-deintercalation process. Finally, we touch on the topic of high-capacity aluminum-sulfur batteries, attempting to forecast their chances to reach the status of practical energy storage systems.

579 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
K. Jüttner1, U Galla, H Schmieder
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe effluent treatment, electrochemical reactors for removal of metal ions from waste water, anodic destruction of organic pollutants and new electrochemical abatement techniques for purification of flue gases.

506 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss two different membrane reactor concepts which both rely on supported palladium, on the one hand as a permselective membrane material, and on the other hand as base component of a membrane-type hydrogenation catalyst.
Abstract: Membrane reactors applied to catalytic reactions are currently being studied in many places world-wide. Significant developments in membrane science and the vision of process intensification by multifunctional reactors have stimulated a lot of academic and industrial research, which is impressively demonstrated by more than 100 scientific papers on catalytic membrane reactors being published per year. Palladium as a noble metal with exceptional hydrogen permeation properties and, at the same time, broad applicability as a catalyst, first of all for hydrogenation, is part of many of these developments. This paper discusses two different membrane reactor concepts which both rely on supported palladium, on the one hand as a permselective membrane material, and on the other hand as base component of a membrane-type hydrogenation catalyst. Dense palladium composite membranes can be used for hydrogen separation from packed-bed catalysts in gas-phase hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reactions. Mesoporous membranes containing dispersed bimetallic Pd/X-clusters can be employed as so-called catalytic diffusers for liquid-phase hydrogenation, e.g. of nitrate and nitrite in water. The principles of both concepts are introduced, recently obtained experimental data are evaluated in connection with literature results, and the perspectives for further development are highlighted.

467 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the properties of the oxide scale in air and oxygen at different temperatures between 700 and 1000°C, with the major emphasis at 900°C.
Abstract: The oxidation behavior of Ti36Al, Ti35Al-0.1C, Ti35Al-1.4V-0.1C, and Ti35 Al-5Nb-0.1C (mass-%) in air and oxygen has been studied between 700 and 1000°C with the major emphasis at 900°C. Generally an oxide scale consisting of two layers, an outward- and an inward-growing layer, formed. The outward-growing part of the scale consisted mainly of TiO2 (rutile), while the inward-growing part is composed of a mixture of TiO2 and α-Al2O3. A barrier layer of Al2O3 on TiAl between the inner and the outer part of the scale was visible for up to 300 hr. Under certain conditions, the Al2O3 barrier dissolved and re-precipitated in the outer TiO2 layer. This “shift” leads to an effect similar to breakaway oxidation. Only the alloy containing Nb formed a longlasting, protective Al2O3 layer, which was established at the metal/scale interface after an incubation period of 80–100 hr. During this time, Nb was enriched in the subsurface zone up to approximately 20 w/o. The growth of the oxide scale on TiAl-V obeyed a parabolic law, because no Al2O3 barrier layer formed; large Al2O3 particles were part of the outward-growing layer. A brittle α2-Ti3Al-layer rich in O formed beneath the oxide scale as a result of preferential Al oxidation particularly when oxidized in oxygen. Oxidation in air can lead also to formation of nitrides beneath the oxide scale. The nitridation can vary between the formation of isolated nitride particles and of a metal/Ti2AlN/ TiN/oxide, scale-layer system. Under certain conditions, nitride-layer formation seemed to favor protective Al2O23 formation at the metal/scale interface, however, in general nitridation was detrimental with the consequence that oxidation was generally more rapid in air than in oxygen.

432 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review describes the microbial production of 2-PE, and also summarizes the chemical syntheses and the market situation.
Abstract: 2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an important flavour and fragrance compound with a rose-like odour. Most of the world's annual production of several thousand tons is synthesised by chemical means but, due to increasing demand for natural flavours, alternative production methods are being sought. Harnessing the Ehrlich pathway of yeasts by bioconversion of L-phenylalanine to 2-PE could be an option, but in situ product removal is necessary due to product inhibition. This review describes the microbial production of 2-PE, and also summarizes the chemical syntheses and the market situation.

357 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20231
20227
202145
202053
201949
201844