Showing papers by "Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University published in 2010"
TL;DR: Results showed that alpha-turmerone, a major component in fresh rhizome is only minor one in dry rhizomes and the content of beta-turMERone in dry Rhizomes is less than a half amount found in freshRhizomes.
189 citations
TL;DR: This review consists of a brief introduction of α- l -rhamnosidase which is followed by a critical description of the methods used for assaying the enzyme activity and the identification of areas which needs further extensive studies.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a tin oxide (SnO 2 ) thick film gas sensor is fabricated by employing screen-printing technology, which is doped with 1 or 2% of cadmium sulphide (CdS) by its weight and the effect of dopant is presented.
Abstract: The tin oxide (SnO 2 ) thick film gas sensor is fabricated by employing screen-printing technology. This pure SnO 2 thick film is doped with 1 or 2 wt% of cadmium sulphide (CdS) by its weight and, thereby, the effect of dopant is presented. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses are administrated, which suggest that CdS dopant inhibits the crystallite growth leading to nanometric reduction in grain size. The fabricated gas sensor is responsively studied on exposure to liquid petroleum gas (LPG), methanol, and acetone. It is observed that CdS (2 wt%) doped structure exhibited highest response and is more selective to methanol (70 for 5000 ppm) over LPG and acetone at the operating temperature 200 °C. The CdS-doping improved response- and recovery-time from 90 s and 200 s, for undoped-film, to 40 s and 110 s for methanol (5000 ppm at 200 °C).
70 citations
TL;DR: An attempt has been made in this review to assemble all the known information on molluscicidal properties of common medicinal plants of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, which might be useful for the control of harmful snails.
Abstract: Many aquatic snails act as intermediate hosts for the larvae of trematodes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigan- tica, which cause the diseases fascioliasis and schistosomiasis. The WHO has tested several thousands of synthetic compounds for the control of the snail host. Although eff ective, these molluscicides have so far not proved themselves to be entirely satisfactory. With a growing awareness of environmental pollution, eff orts are being made to discover molluscicidal products of plant origin. Being products of biosynthesis, these are potentially biodegradable in nature. Several groups of compounds present in various plants have been found to be toxic to target organisms at acceptable doses ranging from <1 to 100 ppm. Common medicinal plants, i.e. Thevetia peruviana, Alstonia scholaris (Family; Apocynaceae), Euphorbia pulcherima and Euphorbia hirta (Family; Euphorbiaceae), have potent molluscicidal activity against freshwater snails. The toxicological actions of Thevetia peruviana may be due to the presence of apigenin-5-methyl ether (fl avonoid) and triterpenoid glycosides, while a number of alkaloids (pseudo-akuammigine in addition to betulin, ursolic acid and β-sitosterol), steroids and triterpenoids are present in Alstonia scholaris and the diterpenoids, pulcherrol, β-sitosterol, hentriacontane, ellagic acid and β-amyrin are present in Euphorbia hirta and in Euphorbia pulcherima. Although, at present very little literature is available on the control of vector snails through plant origin pesticides, an attempt has been made in this review to assemble all the known informa- tion on molluscicidal properties of common medicinal plants of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, which might be useful for the control of harmful snails. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
64 citations
TL;DR: The effects of insecticides on the morphology of red blood cells, total and differential leucocyte counts, thrombocyte count and clotting time in the peripheral blood of a number of teleosts are dealt with.
Abstract: Haematological parameters, such as erythrocyte and leucocyte count, erythrocyte indices and thrombocyte number vis-a-vis coagulation of blood has been considered bioindicators of toxicosis in fish following exposure to organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. This review deals with the effects of insecticides on the morphology of red blood cells, total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total and differential leucocyte counts, thrombocyte count and clotting time in the peripheral blood of a number of teleosts. The review also takes stock of knowledge of the subject and explores prospects of additional research in the related area.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a self-similar solution for the propagation of a cylindrical shock wave in a dusty gas with heat conduction and radiation heat flux, which is rotating about the axis of symmetry, is investigated.
Abstract: A self-similar solution for the propagation of a cylindrical shock wave in a dusty gas with heat conduction and radiation heat flux, which is rotating about the axis of symmetry, is investigated. The shock is assumed to be driven out by a piston (an inner expanding surface) and the dusty gas is assumed to be a mixture of non-ideal gas and small solid particles. The density of the ambient medium is assumed to be constant. The heat conduction is expressed in terms of Fourier's law and radiation is considered to be of diffusion type for an optically thick grey gas model. The thermal conductivity K and the absorption coefficient αR are assumed to vary with temperature and density. Similarity solutions are obtained, and the effects of variation of the parameter of non-idealness of the gas in the mixture, the mass concentration of solid particles and the ratio of density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas are investigated.
48 citations
TL;DR: It was showed that the histopathological changes were caused in liver of rats by chlorpyrifos administration, mainly hepatocytic vacuolation, degeneration of hepatocytes and their nuclei, hyperchromatic and hypertrophied nuclei at earlier stage of treatment, sinusoidal dilation and focal necrosis.
37 citations
TL;DR: The present study showed that the histopathological changes were caused in kidney of rats by chlorpyrifos administration, and variable intensities of these changes were noticed depending upon the doses and duration of the treatment.
Abstract: Wistar rats (male) were divided into 3 groups - group A (GA) served as control, group B (GB) were daily administered chlorpyrifos (Anu Products Ltd., India) orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg b wt. and animals in group C (GC) received daily an oral administration of chlorpyrifos at a dose of 10 mg/kg b wt. Rats were sacrificed on 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week after initiation of the experiment. Kidneys were extirpated and fixed in aqueous Bouin's solution. The tissues thus fixed were routinely processed for histological studies. The present study showed that the histopathological changes were caused in kidney of rats by chlorpyrifos administration. The changes noticed were mainly the shrinkage of glomerulus at initial stage of treatment, the tubular dilation, the glomerular hypercellularity, hypertrophy of tubular epithelium, degeneration of glomerulus and renal tubules, deposition of eosin-positive substances in the glomerulus and renal tubules and infiltration of leucocytes. A decrease in the body weight gain was observed in chlorpyrifos-treated rats. However, variable intensities of these changes were noticed depending upon the doses and duration of the treatment.
35 citations
TL;DR: CdFe2O4 and Cd nanocrystals were synthesized by wet chemical and hydrazine reduction methods, respectively, and characterized by XRD and TEM as mentioned in this paper.
28 citations
TL;DR: A conserved Pec_Lyase_C domain uniformly observed in all pectate lyases irrespective of variable sources suggesting its possible role in structural and enzymatic functions.
Abstract: A total of 121 protein sequences of pectate lyases were subjected to homology search, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, and motif analysis. The phylogenetic tree constructed revealed different clusters based on different source organisms representing bacterial, fungal, plant, and nematode pectate lyases. The multiple accessions of bacterial, fungal, nematode, and plant pectate lyase protein sequences were placed closely revealing a sequence level similarity. The multiple sequence alignment of these pectate lyase protein sequences from different source organisms showed conserved regions at different stretches with maximum homology from amino acid residues 439–467, 715–816, and 829–910 which could be used for designing degenerate primers or probes specific for pectate lyases. The motif analysis revealed a conserved Pec_Lyase_C domain uniformly observed in all pectate lyases irrespective of variable sources suggesting its possible role in structural and enzymatic functions.
26 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that low concentrations (96-h LC5 values) of both pesticides can have a significant impact on the reproduction of zebrafish.
Abstract: In the present research, both male and female zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton), were exposed to 96-h LC5 values of Deltamethrin (0.016 µg dm -3 ) and Achook (0.025 µg dm -3 ) for three months. The fish were then returned to normal water and allowed to breed to permit observations of fecundity and hatchability. The results show significant reductions in fecundity and hatchability in comparison to the control group. Fecundity was reduced by 54.12% in the fish treated with Deltamethrin and by 17.81% in those treated with Achook. Significant decreases in hatchability of up to 49.7% were noted in the Deltamethrin group and of 36.9% in the Achook treated fish. The number of unhatched/dead eggs increased significantly (P < 0.05 for each case). It was concluded that low concentrations (96-h LC5 values) of both pesticides can have a significant impact on the reproduction of zebrafish.
TL;DR: The results of this study show that deltamethrin is moderately toxic for the freshwater fish H. fossilis by producing adverse effects on serum calcium and prolactin cells, and should be used with caution in areas near fish-inhabited waters.
Abstract: Deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in many countries, causes significant adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems. The concentration of deltamethrin in water reservoirs and the run off from agricultural areas (in water) in many countries range up to 24.0 µg L−1 which is higher than the recommendation of the European Union standard. Hence, in this study the effects of deltamethrin were investigated, i.e. its toxic impacts on the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis in terms of serum calcium and prolactin cells (located in the rostral pars distalis region of the pituitary). The fish were subjected to deltamethrin for a short-term experiment (96 h; 1.5 µg L−1 e.0.8 of 96 h LC50) and a long-term experiment (28 days; 0.37 µg L−1 e.0.2 of 96 h LC50). After short-term deltamethrin exposure, serum calcium levels decrease. No histological change in prolactin cells is noticed throughout the short-term experiment. Fish exposed to deltamethrin for 7 days also exhibit a decrease in serum calcium lev...
TL;DR: An extracellular thermostable α-galactosidase from Aspergillus parasiticus MTCC-2796 was purified 16.59-fold by precipitation with acetone, followed by sequential column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and SephadeX G-100.
TL;DR: Reaction with O2 is the dominant path for the consumption of CF3OCH2O in the atmosphere and transition states are searched and characterized on the potential energy surfaces involved in both of the reaction channels.
Abstract: Hydrofluoroethers are being considered as potential candidates for third generation refrigerants. The present investigation involves the ab initio quantum mechanical study of the decomposition mechanism of CF3OCH2O radical formed from a hydrofluoroether, CF3OCH3 (HFE-143a) in the atmosphere. The geometries of the reactant, products and transition states involved in the decomposition pathways are optimized and characterized at the DFT (B3LYP) level of theory using 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Energy calculations have been performed at the G2(MP2) and G2M(CC,MP2) level of theory. Two prominent decomposition channels, C-O bond scission and reaction with atmospheric O2 have been considered for detailed investigation. Studies performed at the G2(MP2) level reveals that the decomposition channel involving C-O bond scission occurs with a barrier height of 23.8 kcal mol−1 whereas the oxidative pathway occurring with O2 proceeds with an energy barrier of 7.2 kcal mol−1. On the other hand the corresponding values at G2M(CC,MP2) are 24.5 and 5.9 kcal mol−1 respectively. Using canonical transition state theory (CTST) rate constants for the two pathways considered are calculated at 298 K and 1 atm pressure and found to be 5.9 × 10−6 s−1 and 2.3 × 10−5 s−1 respectively. The present study concludes that reaction with O2 is the dominant path for the consumption of CF3OCH2O in the atmosphere. Transition states are searched and characterized on the potential energy surfaces involved in both of the reaction channels. The existence of transition state on the corresponding potential energy surface is ascertained by performing intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculation.
TL;DR: In this paper, two most important channels of decomposition occurring via C-C bond scission and Cl elimination have been considered and the thermal rate constants for the decomposition reactions involved are evaluated using Canonical Transition State Theory (CTST) utilizing the ab initio data.
Abstract: The unimolecular decomposition reaction of CF3CCl2O radical has been investigated using theoretical methods. Two most important channels of decomposition occurring via C–C bond scission and Cl elimination have been considered during the present investigation. Ab initio quantum mechanical calculations are performed to get optimized structure and vibrational frequencies at DFT and MP2 levels of theory. Energetics are further refined by the application of a modified Gaussian-2 method, G2M(CC,MP2). The thermal rate constants for the decomposition reactions involved are evaluated using Canonical Transition State Theory (CTST) utilizing the ab initio data. Rate constants for C–C bond scission and Cl elimination are found to be 6.7 × 106 and 1.1 × 108 s−1, respectively, at 298 K and 1 atm pressure with an energy barrier of 8.6 and 6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. These values suggest that Cl elimination is the dominant process during the decomposition of the CF3CCl2O radical. Transition states are searched on the potential energy surface of the decomposition reactions involved and are characterized by the existence of only one imaginary frequency (NIMAG = 1) during frequency calculation. The existence of transition states on the corresponding potential energy surface is further ascertained by performing intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculation.
TL;DR: This study conclusively shows that variant abiotic factors in different months of the year can significantly alter the reproductive ability and development process in the snail Lymnaea acuminata.
Abstract: Lymnaea acuminata breeds round the year. The effect of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, light/dark period and clean/polluted water on the fecundity, hatchability and survival of young snails of L. acuminata were studied. It was observed that these environmental variant abiotic factors caused a significant variation in fecundity, hatchability and survival of young snails. Maximum reproduction of this snail was observed in the months of March to May. A significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between D.O. (3.1-7.7 ppm)/pH (7.01-8.96) of water with fecundity (6.0-196.33/20 snails), hatchability (54.69-96.91%) and survival (61.3-95.86%) of young snails was observed for each month and each interval of 24-72 h. In contrast, a significant negative correlation between dissolved CO2 (4.6-16.6 ppm)/temperature (16-37 degrees C) of water was noted with fecundity, hatchability and survival of snails. Percent hatchability in the eggs in different regimens of water was between 96.91-54.69%. The hatching period was prolonged (2-14 days) in snail exposed to different groups of water compared to the control group (2-9 d). This study conclusively shows that variant abiotic factors in different months of the year can significantly alter the reproductive ability and development process in the snail Lymnaea acuminata.
TL;DR: In this article, a four-day static renewal acute toxicity test was performed to determine the LC(50) value of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli latex for the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Exposure of sub-lethal doses of acetone leaf and bark extract of this plant caused significant alterations in total protein, free amino acids, DNA & RNA, protease and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in muscle, liver and gonadal tissues of fish Catla catla in laboratory condition.
Abstract: Objectives: The leaf and bark of Thevetia peruviana (Family: Apocynaceae) plant was administered for 24 h to the freshwater fish Catla catla (Hamilton) to evaluate their piscicidal ac- tivity in laboratory and cemented pond condition. Materials and Methods and Results: The LC50 values of leaf and bark extracts of different
TL;DR: In this article, phase diagrams of naphthalen-2-ol + 1,3-dinitrobenzene have been investigated by the thaw melt method, and the results show the formation of a simple eutectic mixture.
Abstract: Phase diagrams of naphthalen-2-ol + 1,3-dinitrobenzene have been investigated by the thaw melt method. The results show the formation of a simple eutectic mixture. Enthalpy of fusion values of pure components and the eutectic mixture were obtained from DSC studies. Linear velocity of solidification of pure components and the eutectic mixture was determined at different undercooling rates. The values of the linear velocity of crystallization indicate the nonideal nature of the eutectic mixture in the melt. The anisotropic and isotropic crystallizations of naphthalen-2-ol, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and the eutectic mixture were studied. The flexural strengths of the pure components, hypo- and hypereutectics, and eutectic mixture were determined.
TL;DR: In this article, the scattering and extinction properties of possible nanodiamond grains in the interstellar medium (ISM) were studied using DDA for varying ellipsoidal shapes and sizes from 2.5 to 10 nm.
Abstract: The study of the scattering and extinction properties of possible nanodiamond grains in the interstellar medium (ISM) are reported. Calculations using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for varying ellipsoidal shapes and sizes from 2.5 to 10 nm are considered. Nanodiamonds show negligible extinction from the infrared to the near-ultraviolet, and a very sharp far-ultraviolet rise. Comparison with observations rules out the possibility of independent nanodiamond dust but points towards the possibility of nanodiamonds as a component in the ISM. Radiation-induced transformations may lead to carbonaceous grains with different cores and mantles. Calculations are therefore also performed for a core-mantle target model with nanodiamond cores in graphite mantles. The graphite extinction features become modified, with the peak at 2175 A being lowered, broadened, blueshifted and accompanied by enhanced extinction in the far-ultraviolet. Such variations in the 2175-A band and a simultaneous far-ultraviolet rise are observed along some sources. A three-component dust model incorporating silicate, graphite and graphite with a nanodiamond core is also considered. The model extinction compares very well with the average Galactic extinction in the complete range from 0.2 to 10 μm -1 . The best fit requires a small size and a small number of nanodiamonds.
TL;DR: These are a new type of mixed-ligand thorium(IV) complexes for which a nano-sized, oxygen bridged polymeric structure has been established on the basis of physico-chemical studies.
TL;DR: It was observed that the molluscicidal activity of crotocaudin against L. acuminata is time- as well as dose-dependent and there was a significant negative correlation among LC50 values and exposure periods.
Abstract: The compound crotocaudin extracted from the stem bark of the medicinal plant Croton tiglium Linn. was administered for 24 h or 96 h to the freshwater vector snail Lymnaea (Radix) acuminata Lamarck in order to test its toxicity. L. acuminata is the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica which cause immense harm to man and his domestic animals. It was observed that the molluscicidal activity of crotocaudin against L. acuminata is time- as well as dose-dependent. There was a significant negative correlation among LC50 values and exposure periods, i.e. increasing the exposure time, the LC50 value of crotocaudin decreased from 5.37 microM (24 h) > 2.08 microM (48 h) > 1.36 microM (72 h) to 1.01 microM (96 h), respectively, against L. acuminata. The toxicological experiments to proof for environmental toxicity, if any, have also been carried out on the non-target freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) [Channidae (Ophicephalidae)], which shares the habitat with L. acuminata. The sublethal doses of crotocaudin (40% and 80% of LC50) administered over 24 h caused significant changes in the carbohydrate and nitrogenous metabolisms in nervous, hepatopancreas, and ovotestis tissues of Lymnaea acuminata. Channa punctatus was also exposed to sublethal doses of crotocaudin (40% and 80% of 24-h LC50 of L. acuminata) for 96 h which showed significant alterations in the metabolism in muscle, liver, and gonad tissues. After withdrawal of crotocaudin the snail tissues recovered in part after 7 days and the fish tissues completely.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the viscosities of binary mixtures of isopropylethanoate and non-polar hydrocarbon solvents viz cyclohexane, benzene, 1,4-dimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzinene.
TL;DR: In this paper, the molecular geometry and the vibrational frequencies of 4n-nonyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (9CBP) in ground state have been calculated using density functional theory with B3LYP/6-31G** basis set.
TL;DR: Corpuscles of Stannius (CS) and serum calcium of Heteropneustes fossilis were studied after exposure to Chlorpyrifos-Based Commercial Formulation (CBCF) for short-term and long-term application.
Abstract: Corpuscles of Stannius (CS) and serum calcium of Heteropneustes fossilis were studied after exposure to Chlorpyrifos-Based Commercial Formulation (CBCF) for short-term (1.76 mg L−1 chlorpyrifos) and long-term (0.44 mg L−1 chlorpyrifos) application. The fish were sacrificed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours in short-term experiment and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in long-term experiment. Hypocalcaemia was noticed in CBCF-treated fish after both short- and long-term exposures. In CBCF-treated H. fossilis, AF-positive cells of CS exhibit increased granulation after 72 and 96 hours, the nuclear volume of these cells remains unchanged. The AF-negative cells of CS of CBCF-treated fish exhibit a slight increase in their nuclear volume after 96 hours. After 21 and 28 days, AF-positive cells of CS show increased granulation. Nuclear volume of these cells exhibited a decrease after 21 and 28 days. A few degenerating cells are also noticed. Nuclear volume of AF-negative cells of CS of CBCF-treated fish increase after 21 and 28 days.
TL;DR: Results from the present study suggest that inhibition of AChE, ACP, and ALP by trimyristin and myristicin in the snail Lymnaea acuminata may be the cause of the molluscicidal activity of Myristica fragrans.
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effects of molluscicidal components of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae) on certain enzymes in the nervous tissue of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata Lamarck (Lymnaeidae). In vivo and in vitro treatments of trimyristin and myristicin (active molluscicidal components of Myristica fragrans Houtt.) significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. The inhibition kinetics of these enzymes indicates that both the trimyristin and myristicin caused competitive noncompetitive inhibition of AChE. Trimyristin caused uncompetitive and competitive/noncompetitive inhibitions of ACP and ALP, respectively whereas the myristicin caused competitive and uncompetitive inhibition of ACP and ALP, respectively. Thus results from the present study suggest that inhibition of AChE, ACP, and ALP by trimyristin and myristicin in the snail Lymnaea acuminata may be the cause of the molluscicidal activity of Myristica fragrans.
TL;DR: The feasibility of using concentrated M. paradisiaca stem juice for the specific conversion of 4-chloroaniline to 4- chloronitrosobenzene has been demonstrated and this enzyme can be used for the N-oxidation of other arylamines.
Abstract: N-Oxidation of arylamines to their corresponding nitrosobenzenes using a new chloroperoxidase purified from Musa paradisiaca stem juice has been examined. The enzymatic characteristics of the stem chloroperoxidase using 4-chloroaniline as substrate were determined. The Km values for 4-chloroaniline and H2O2 were 770 μM and 154 μM respectively, while the pH and temperature optima were 4.4 and 30°C respectively. The substrate specificities of the enzyme for the arylamines 3,4-dichloroamine, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-toluidine, p-anisidine, m-anisidine, p-aminophenol, o-aminophenol and m-aminophenol have been characterized. The feasibility of using concentrated M. paradisiaca stem juice for the specific conversion of 4-chloroaniline to 4-chloronitrosobenzene has been demonstrated. This enzyme can be used for the N-oxidation of other arylamines.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present account chiefly deals with post-harvest management of papaya by physical, chemical, biological and botanical means and its future prospects.
Abstract: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) family - Caricaceae is a tropical fruit. Out of 48 species of genus Carica edible fruits are obtained only from Carica papaya L. Fruit is grown largely for the fresh market with small amount processed into juices and other processed foods. However it is interesting to note that during post harvest stage almost 20–30% of produce is lost. Post-harvest deterioration of papaya is a microbiological process; the fruit becomes target of several pathogens in the market thus decreasing its acceptability and shelf life. The present account chiefly deals with post-harvest management of papaya by physical, chemical, biological and botanical means and its future prospects. Alternative and integrative strategies like use of biological antagonists, sustainable natural compounds, controlled atmosphere storages are need of the day.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Bianchi type III dark energy models with constant deceleration parameter are investigated and the equation of state parameter $\omega$ is found to be time dependent and its existing range for this model is consistent with the recent observations of SN Ia data, with CMBR anisotropy and galaxy clustering statistics.
Abstract: The Bianchi type III dark energy models with constant deceleration parameter are investigated. The equation of state parameter $\omega$ is found to be time dependent and its existing range for this model is consistent with the recent observations of SN Ia data, SN Ia data (with CMBR anisotropy) and galaxy clustering statistics. The physical aspect of the dark energy models are discussed.