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Institution

Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University

EducationGorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
About: Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University is a education organization based out in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Thermal decomposition & Lymnaea acuminata. The organization has 1032 authors who have published 1591 publications receiving 21734 citations. The organization is also known as: Gorakhpur University.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purified α-l-rhamnosidase was able to hydrolyse naringin, rutin and hesperidin and liberated l- rhamnose, indicating that the purified enzyme can be used for the preparation of α- l-ramnose and pharmaceutically important compounds by derhamnosylation of natural glycosides containing terminal α-L-rhmnose.
Abstract: Summary An extracellular α-l-rhamnosidase from Penicillium citrinum MTCC-3565 has purified to homogeneity from its culture filtrate using ethanol precipitation and cation-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band corresponding to molecular mass of 45.0 kDa in SDS-PAGE analysis showing the purity of the enzyme preparation. The native PAGE analysis showed the monomeric nature of the purified enzyme. Using p-nitrophenyl α-l-rhamnopyranoside as substrate, Km and Vmax values of the enzyme were 0.30 mm and 27.0 μm min mg−1, respectively. The kcat value was 20.1 s giving kcat/Km value of 67.0 mm s−1 for the same substrate. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were 8.5 and 50 °C, respectively. The activation energy for the thermal denaturation of the enzyme was 29.9 KJ mol−1. The α-l-rhamnosidase was able to hydrolyse naringin, rutin and hesperidin and liberated l-rhamnose, indicating that the purified enzyme can be used for the preparation of α-l-rhamnose and pharmaceutically important compounds by derhamnosylation of natural glycosides containing terminal α-l-rhamnose. The α-l-rhamnosidase was active at the level of ethanol concentration present in wine, indicating that it can be used for improving wine aroma.

10 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The use of various polysaccharides, including starch, cellulose, chitosan, pectin, hyaluronic acid, heparin, dextran, and pullulan, are highlighted as smart drug-delivery materials and their advantages in the development of drug-Delivery systems.
Abstract: Although oral delivery has been a widely accepted route of drug administration, the gastrointestinal tract exerts several formidable barriers to drug delivery. Among the several delivery materials available so far, polysaccharides are very attractive molecules as they are biocompatible and biodegradable with capability of extensive chemical modifications and low immunogenic properties. Besides, polysaccharides can overcome several limitations in the use of anticancer drugs, including high toxicity, fast degradation in biological fluids, and the difficulties to cross cell membranes. Particularly, the practical use of nucleic acid-based drugs (NABDs) with potential anticancer value is really problematic due to poor delivery. Apart from this, oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs and proteins is also difficult owing to their poor bioavailability. To overcome these problems with less toxicity and immunogenicity, natural modified polysaccharides are being explored in the development of new drug-delivery systems that can be used for preparing self-assembled micelles, coating polymeric microspheres, and self-reorganized nanostructures in order to achieve optimal drug release. In this chapter, we highlight the use of various polysaccharides, including starch, cellulose, chitosan, pectin, hyaluronic acid, heparin, dextran, and pullulan, as smart drug-delivery materials and their advantages in the development of drug-delivery systems.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The plant pathogen resistance protein is described and how these proteins regulate host immunity during plant–virus interactions are discussed, which are crucial in antiviral defences.
Abstract: Viruses are obligate parasites that exist in an inactive state until they enter the host body. Upon entry, viruses become active and start replicating by using the host cell machinery. All plant viruses can augment their transmission, thus powering their detrimental effects on the host plant. To diminish infection and diseases caused by viruses, the plant has a defence mechanism known as pathogenesis-related biochemicals, which are metabolites and proteins. Proteins that ultimately prevent pathogenic diseases are called R proteins. Several plant R genes (that confirm resistance) and avirulence protein (Avr) (pathogen Avr gene-encoded proteins [effector/elicitor proteins involved in pathogenicity]) molecules have been identified. The recognition of such a factor results in the plant defence mechanism. During plant viral infection, the replication and expression of a viral molecule lead to a series of a hypersensitive response (HR) and affect the host plant's immunity (pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity). Avr protein renders the host RNA silencing mechanism and its innate immunity, chiefly known as silencing suppressors towards the plant defensive machinery. This is a strong reply to the plant defensive machinery by harmful plant viruses. In this review, we describe the plant pathogen resistance protein and how these proteins regulate host immunity during plant-virus interactions. Furthermore, we have discussed regarding ribosome-inactivating proteins, ubiquitin proteasome system, translation repression (nuclear shuttle protein interacting kinase 1), DNA methylation, dominant resistance genes, and autophagy-mediated protein degradation, which are crucial in antiviral defences.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Frogs exposed to cadmium exhibited decreased serum calcium levels from day 10 to day 30 and ultimobranchial cells exhibited a decline in staining response and the nuclear volume also decreased, while the histological structures of parathyroid cells remained unchanged.
Abstract: Background: Cadmium toxicity has been shown in aquatic animals but the effect on frog’s endocrine glands is not known. We investigated the effects of cadmium on ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands of Indian skipper frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis. Methods: Frogs were exposed to cadmium chloride for short and long terms and sacrificed after 24, 48, 72 or 96 h (short-term) and after 5, 10, 15 and 30 days (long-term). Results: After 48h of cadmium exposure, serum calcium levels decreased and persisted for 96h. After 96h of exposure, weak staining of the ultimobranchial cells was noted, and the nuclear volumes decreased. The histological structures of parathyroid cells remained unchanged. Frogs exposed to cadmium exhibited decreased serum calcium levels from day 10 to day 30. After 15 days of cadmium exposure, ultimobranchial cells exhibited a decline in staining response and the nuclear volume also decreased. The follicular epithelia of the ultimobranchial glands appeared to be reduced at certain areas. After 30 days of cadmium exposure, the nuclear volume was further decreased and the follicular epithelia shrunk and appeared as a single layer. Cellular degeneration and vacuolization were also noticed in the gland. After day 15 of cadmium exposure, the nuclear volume of the parathyroid cells increased with elongated and hyperchromatic appearance. These changes were exaggerated on day 30 of cadmium exposure and few cell lyses appeared among parathyroid cells. Conclusions: Cadmium adversely affected the calcium regulating glands, ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands of the Indian frogs, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis.

10 citations


Authors

Showing all 1045 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Rudra Deo Tripathi571389640
Nawal Kishore Dubey5022910796
Harikesh Bahadur Singh463077372
Souvik Maiti432375759
Ajay Singh392568464
Alok C. Gupta391314052
Suman K Mishra382404989
Gurdip Singh361575173
Ram C. Mehrotra355066259
Nidhi Gupta352664786
Ajay K. Mishra342195050
Seema Mishra33794312
Narsingh Bahadur Singh331944062
Manish Naja321103383
Maya Shankar Singh312454261
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20239
202216
2021118
202094
201965
201869