Showing papers by "Department of Biotechnology published in 2006"
TL;DR: In this article, the antioxidative properties and total phenolic contents of Vigna aconitifolia were examined and the raw and dry heated samples were extracted with 70% acetone and the extracts were freeze-dried.
176 citations
TL;DR: An etiological and epidemiological study of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) has been done in Patna, Bihar and it was observed that OSMF developed on one side of the buccal vestibule where they kept the chew and other side was normal.
Abstract: An etiological and epidemiological study of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) has been done in Patna, Bihar. Total 157 cases of OSMF and 135 control subjects were selected for study in the period of 2002-2004. It was observed that Male: Female ratio was 2.7: 1. The youngest case of OSMF was 11 year old and the oldest one was 54 years of age. Maximum number of cases were belonging to 21-40 years of age and they were belonging to low or middle socioeconomic class. Most of the OSMF cases used heavy spices and chillies, where as control mild spices and chillies. Gutkha was the most commonly used by the OSMF cases only 3 per cent did not use any gutkha or other areca nut product where as 80 per cent control did not have any chewing habit. The OSMF cases used gutkha and other products 2-10 pouches per day and kept in the mouth for 2-10 minutes and they were using since 2-4 years. Most of the OSMF cases kept gutkha in the buccal vestibule or they chewed and swallowed it, only a small number of patients chewed and spitted it out. It was also observed that OSMF developed on one side of the buccal vestibule where they kept the chew and other side was normal.
136 citations
TL;DR: Laboratory experiments showed that the seed extract suppressed the larval activity of C. medinalis even at a low dose.
122 citations
TL;DR: Naturally accruing bio-pesticide could be an alternative for chemical pesticides after testing against mature and immature mosquito vector Anopheles stephensi Liston under laboratory condition.
117 citations
TL;DR: An ethanolic extract of neem has been shown to cause cell death of prostate cancer cells (PC-3) by inducing apoptosis as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in DNA fragmentation and a decrease in cell viability.
101 citations
TL;DR: EA showed good free radical scavenging effect in a yeast cell culture model as well as in a cell free system and release rate from the PLGA–DMAB particles was slowest, which is attributed to higher hydrophobicity of DMAB as compared to PVA, preventing diffusion of drug out of polymeric matrix.
Abstract: The aim of the present work was to develop ellagic acid (EA) loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles for oral administration. PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by a method based on the concept of emulsion–diffusion– evaporation by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 as a cosolvent for solubilizing the drug. While developing this method, didodecyldimethylammomium bromide (DMAB) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), alone and in combination with chitosan (CS) were employed. DMAB stabilized particles were the smallest of all the formulations with a particle size of 148.5 nm. PVA alone gave particles of 269.7 nm but a blend with CS (80:20) resulted in an increase in particle size (359.6 ^ 23.6 nm). Initial release of EA from nanoparticles in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer was rapid, followed by a slower sustained release. Release rates followed the order PVA . PVA–CS . DMAB. Release rate from the PLGA–DMAB particles was slowest, which is attributed to higher hydrophobicity of DMAB as compared to PVA, preventing diffusion of drug out of polymeric matrix. Insolubility of CS at alkaline pH could have retarded the release in case of PVA–CS system. In situ intestinal permeability study of pure drug and the drug encapsulated in nanoparticles prepared using PVA, PVA–CS blend and DMAB as stabilizer in rats showed 66, 75, 73 and 87% permeation, respectively. EA showed good free radical scavenging effect in a yeast cell culture model as well as in a cell free system.
96 citations
TL;DR: First and second instars were more susceptible to leaf extract than older insects, and clear dose-response relationships were established, with the highest dose of 4% plant extract causing 97% mortality of first instars.
88 citations
TL;DR: The results support the use of Hedyotis corymbosa as a hepatoprotective agent after it shortened hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time in mice, besides showing significant antilipid peroxidant effect in vitro.
87 citations
TL;DR: The intravenous injection of Al-maltolate into aged New zealand white rabbits results in conditions which mimics a number of neuropathological, biochemical and behavioral changes observed in AD, which adds credence to the value of this animal model system.
84 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that treatments with AZA and SpltNPV at appropriate combinations of concentration levels may result in improved control of tobacco cutworm compared with treatment with either AZA or virus alone.
79 citations
TL;DR: The laboratory experiment showed that the seed extract suppressed the larval activity of H. puera even at low doses, and the less expensive and naturally occurring biopesticide may be an alternative for synthetic pesticides in order to protect forest trees.
TL;DR: The results suggest that fentin and fenbutatin cause impairment of spermatogenesis through the inhibition of testosterone production, indicating decreased steroidogenesis after organotin compounds administration.
TL;DR: This study evaluated the estimated risk of GSTM1 null genotype and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and found that the former is more likely to be fatal than the latter.
Abstract: Background.
We sought to evaluate the estimated risk of GSTM1 null genotype and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).
Methods.
The studies done so far for GSTM1 null genotype as a risk factor associated with head and neck cancer are not conclusive and have shown conflicting results. A meta-analysis has been carried out on 22 case-control studies collected from the literature. Precision of the risk estimate and presence of publication bias in those studies are also evaluated by funnel plot analysis.
Results.
A total of 3527 cases and 4211 controls constitute the subjects of meta-analysis. The principal outcome measured was the odds ratio (OR) for the risk of head and neck cancer. Pooling the studies together, the OR was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.87). When stratified according to Asians and Caucasians, the OR increased in the Asians (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.29–2.90), suggesting that the risk is more pronounced in Asians. However, a substantial amount of publication bias is also associated with studies conducted on the Asian population.
Conclusion.
A review of the 22 case-control studies for risk of SCCHN and GSTM1 null genotype indicate that greater attention should be paid to designing future studies so that a more precise risk estimate can be achieved. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX–XXX, 2005
TL;DR: The results suggest that APE1 suppresses the activation of PARP1 during the repair process of the DNA damage generated by oxidative stress, which may have an important implication for cells to avoid necrosis due to energy depletion.
TL;DR: Among the two extracts studied, methanol leaf extract was found to possess significant wound healing activity followed by aqueous extract, which was evidenced by decrease in the period of epithelialization, increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and breaking strength ofgranulation tissue.
Abstract: The wound healing efficacy of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Leucas hirta was evaluated in excision, incision and dead space wound models. The parameters studied include rate of wound contraction, period of complete epithelialization, tensile strength of incision wound and granulation tissue, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and histological studies of granulation tissue. Among the two extracts studied, methanol leaf extract was found to possess significant wound healing activity followed by aqueous extract, which was evidenced by decrease in the period of epithelialization, increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and breaking strength of granulation tissue. Histopathological study of the granulation tissue evidenced increased collagenation when compared to control group of animals.
TL;DR: It is concluded that vitamin supplementation offered significant reduction of the oxidative stress mediated by copper and the possible application of vitamins in costal aquaculture process is discussed.
TL;DR: Findings show that increasing the amount of P1 DNA plasmids and pGMCSF adjuvant plasmid induces stronger FMDV specific and neutralising antibody responses, as well as promoting cytokines IL-8 and IFNgamma secretion, in immunised pigs via multiple inoculation sites.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Cr-induced oxidative stress is an important component of the plant’s reaction to toxic levels of Cr and that increased enzyme activities would be responsible for the removal of H2O2.
Abstract: Chromium-induced antioxidative responses of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes and metabolites in green gram(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) leaves were investigated in both dose and time-dependent manners. Rapid uptake of Cr was observed immediately after the start of treatment. Significant reduction was observed in leaf biomass under 300 µM Cr-treatment. Treatment with 300 µM Cr increases the content of hydrogen peroxide and Superoxide dismytase activity upto initial 96 h, and then gradually declined to the basal level. Ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activities were low in 300 µM Cr-treated leaves during the first 96 h, but significantly increased therefore, suggesting that increased enzyme activities would be responsible for the removal of H2O2. Catalase activities were always suppressed under Cr stress. Contents of reduced ascorbate and dehydroascorbate were significantly decreased under 300 uM Cr-treatment. The reduced glutathione content decreased at early stages of Cr-treatment. However, it was restored to the normal level as in controls thereafter. In contrast, the glutathione disulphide content showed a progressive increase during the initial hours of Cr-treatment. The non-protein thiol content was shown to increase during the first several hours, but it declines at later stages. The present results demonstrate that Cr-induced oxidative stress is an important component of the plant’s reaction to toxic levels of Cr.
TL;DR: Embryos from mature fruits were aseptically excised and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of BAP, kinetin and GA3, which found Netar Akhrot was the best responding cultivar, which had a range of 25–66.6% embryo germination under different culture conditions.
TL;DR: Application of partially purified α -galactosidase significantly reduced the content of oligosaccharides rather than soaking followed by cooking, and could enhance the utilization of Canavalia beans as a potential food source without flatulence obstacles compared to conventional treatments.
TL;DR: Induction of the electron transfer reaction catalyzed by XO in the presence of these compounds monitored as reduction of 2,6-dichlorophe nolindophenol (DCPIP) revealed that electron transfer by 4-amino-6-mercaptopyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine is comparable to that obtained by allopurinol or xanthine.
Abstract: Inhibition of xanthine oxidase-catalyzed conversion of xanthine to uric acid by various pyrazolopyrimidine-based inhibitors (allopurinol derivatives) was evaluated and compared with the standard inhibitor allopurinol. Three compounds out of the seven compounds used in the study were found to be reasonably good inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (XO). 4-Amino-6-mercaptopyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine was found to be the most potent inhibitor of XO (IC50 = 0.600 +/- 0.009 microM). 4-Mercapto-1H-pyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine (IC50 = 1.326 +/- 0.013 microM) and 4-amino-6-hydroxypyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine (IC50 = 1.564 +/- 0.065 microM) also showed comparable inhibitory activity to that of allopurinol (IC50 = 0.776 +/- 0.012 microM). All three compounds showed competitive type of inhibition with comparable Ki values. Induction of the electron transfer reaction catalyzed by XO in the presence of these compounds monitored as reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) revealed that electron transfer by 4-amino-6-mercaptopyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine is comparable to that obtained by allopurinol or xanthine. However, 4-mercapto-1H-pyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine and 4-amino-6-hydroxypyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine did not show DCPIP reduction. On the other hand, enzymatic reduction of cytochrome c in the presence of the three compounds was found to be insignificant and much less in comparison to allopurinol and xanthine. Therefore, both 4-amino-6-hydroxypyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine and 4-mercapto-1H-pyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine displayed the inhibitory property and also did not produce XO-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since 4-mercapto-1H-pyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine was found to have some toxicity, the effect of 4-amino-6-hydroxypyrazolo-3,4-d-pyrimidine on the enzymatic formation of uric acid and ROS was investigated and it was found that this compound was inhibiting enzymatic generation of both uric acid and ROS. It can be noted that the standard inhibitor, allopurinol, inhibits uric acid formation but produces ROS.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The maximum callus induction and growth in petal explant was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1, 1.5 and 2 mg l -1 2,4-D, however the callus failed to differentiate into shoots, but the calli derived from leaf explant differentiated into roots with NAA in the medium.
Abstract: The maximum callus induction and growth in petal explant was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1, 1.5 and 2 mg l -1 2,4-D and in leaf with 1.5 and 2 mg l -1 2,4-D, however the callus failed to differentiate into shoots. Petiole explants did not respond to any of the treatments tried. The calli derived from leaf explant differentiated into roots with NAA in the medium. About 53% of the calli produced from petal explant developed five shoots per callus when transferred to shoot regeneration medium containing 2 mg l -1 BA and 0.5 mg l -1 IAA. The in vitro shoots were rooted by quick dipping the basal portion of the shoot in 2000 mg l -1 IBA solution. 50-60% survival of the plants was observed after 30 days of transfer to pots.
TL;DR: This study reports a protocol for high-efficiency plant regeneration from leaf explants of male Himalayan poplar (Populus ciliata Wall) that could be produced within 2 mo after acclimatization in a sterile mixture of sand and soil.
Abstract: This study reports a protocol for high-efficiency plant regeneration from leaf explants of male Himalayan poplar (Populus ciliata Wall.). Shoots were regenerated at high frequencies from explants grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin and 0.2 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Regenerated shoots developed roots in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 IAA. Himalayan poplar plantlets could be produced within 2 mo. after acclimatization in a sterile mixture of sand and soil.
TL;DR: Observations revealed that the four isolates of T. annulata are different from each other and might be expressing different antigenic determinants on their cell surface.
TL;DR: P53 appears to be deregulated in all the tumors suggesting that p53 alterations may be associated with tumor progression in VS and age dependent phosphorylation of p53 protein and deregulation of p 53 gene has a role in the development of human vestibular schwannomas.
Abstract: Tumor-specific alterations at the p53 gene locus in 30 human vestibular schwannomas (VS) comprising 10 confirmed NF2 cases and 20 sporadic cases were analyzed. We found loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the first intron of the p53 gene locus in 54% of the informative cases. This is the first report showing LOH at the p53 gene locus in a significant number of human VS and both sporadic and NF2 cases show the LOH event. Increased levels of normal size p53 mRNA and p53 protein were found in all the tumors analyzed. Thus p53 appears to be deregulated in all the tumors suggesting that p53 alterations may be associated with tumor progression in VS. There was a negative significant correlation of patients' age and percentage of Ser 392 phosphorylated p53 protein. The tumor samples obtained from younger patients of 35 yr and below showed higher percentage of Ser 392 phosphorylated p53 protein compared to the tumors of older patients. The increased percentage of Ser 392 phosphorylated p53 protein indicates that it could be involved in the acceleration of tumor growth in the younger patients. Our results suggest that age dependent phosphorylation of p53 protein and deregulation of p53 gene has a role in the development of human vestibular schwannomas.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the serum ATRA level highly influences the progression of cervical lesions to invasive cancer and can be therefore aimed as a marker for progression in combination with HPV-16/18, which helps to enhance the modalities of therapy towards cost effectiveness.
TL;DR: The differences in acclimation of the two alpine herbs to low irradiance were due to their highly unlikely changes in leaf morphology, anatomy, and PNmax which indicated that the difference in radiant energy requirement related to leaf acclimations had greater impact under low than high irradiance.
Abstract: Morpho-anatomical leaf traits and photosynthetic activity of two alpine herbs, Podophyllum hexandrum (shade-tolerant) and Rheum emodi (light-requiring), were studied under field (PAR>2 000 µmol m−2 s−1) and greenhouse (PAR 500 µmol m−2 s−1) conditions. Mesophyll thickness, surface area of mesophyll cells facing intercellular spaces (Smes), surface area of chloroplasts facing intercellular spaces (Sc), intercellular spaces of mesophyll cells (porosity), photon-saturated rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area (P
Nmax), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity decreased in the greenhouse with respect to the field and the decreases were significantly higher in R. emodi than in P. hexandrum. P. hexandrum had lower intercellular CO2 concentration than R. emodi under both irradiances. The differences in acclimation of the two alpine herbs to low irradiance were due to their highly unlikely changes in leaf morphology, anatomy, and P
Nmax
which indicated that the difference in radiant energy requirement related to leaf acclimation had greater impact under low than high irradiance.
TL;DR: Miltefosine caused skeletal muscle insulin resistance in vitro by interfering with the insulin-signalling pathway and inhibiting insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and may contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis
Miltefosine, the first oral anti-leishmanial drug, is reported to inhibit phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activity in carcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway is known to result in insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated whether miltefosine has any deleterious effect(s) on insulin sensitivity in L6E9 skeletal muscle cells.
TL;DR: The identified microsatellite loci were found promising for population genetics studies of C. chitala and related species Notopterus notopterus (family Notopteridae).
Abstract: A total eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were obtained from genomic library of Indian feather back, Chitala chitala (order Osteoglossiformes, family Notopteridae) and the 46 samples were analysed to determine genetic variation. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 4.50 to 5.25, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.124 to 0.852. Deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations (P < 0.002) was observed at loci Cch2, Cch9 (Bhaghirathi) and Cch9 (Brahmaputra). The identified microsatellite loci were found promising for population genetics studies of C. chitala and related species Notopterus notopterus (family Notopteridae).
TL;DR: A Tn5-induced mutant strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri unable to grow with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source was isolated and characterized and the addition of serine to the plant-growth medium restored the ability of the mutant to nodulate Cicer arietinum, and the nodules were able to fix nitrogen.
Abstract: A Tn5-induced mutant strain (TL68) of Mesorhizobium ciceri unable to grow with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source was isolated and characterized. Unlike its wild-type parent (strain TAL620), the mutant had an absolute dependence on serine to grow. Cloning of the DNA region containing Tn5 and sequence analysis showed that Tn5 was inserted into the gene coding for 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, which catalyses the first step in the serine biosynthetic pathway. The role of serine biosynthesis of M. ciceri in the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L) was investigated using the mutant TL68. The serA − mutant (TL68) was unable to elicit the development of efficient nodules on the roots of Cicer arietinum L. The addition of serine to the plant-growth medium restored the ability of the mutant to nodulate Cicer arietinum , and the nodules were able to fix nitrogen.