Showing papers by "Department of Biotechnology published in 2010"
TL;DR: Nano food packaging materials may extend food life, improve food safety, alert consumers that food is contaminated or spoiled, repair tears in packaging, and even release preservatives to extend the life of the food in the package.
Abstract: Food nanotechnology is an area of emerging interest and opens up a whole universe of new possibilities for the food industry. The basic categories of nanotechnology applications and functionalities currently in the development of food packaging include: the improvement of plastic materials barriers, the incorporation of active components that can deliver functional attributes beyond those of conventional active packaging, and the sensing and signaling of relevant information. Nano food packaging materials may extend food life, improve food safety, alert consumers that food is contaminated or spoiled, repair tears in packaging, and even release preservatives to extend the life of the food in the package. Nanotechnology applications in the food industry can be utilized to detect bacteria in packaging, or produce stronger flavors and color quality, and safety by increasing the barrier properties. Nanotechnology holds great promise to provide benefits not just within food products but also around food products. In fact, nanotechnology introduces new chances for innovation in the food industry at immense speed, but uncertainty and health concerns are also emerging. EU/WE/global legislation for the regu- lation of nanotechnology in food are meager. Moreover, current legislation appears unsuitable to nanotechnology specificity.
331 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of genome-wide transcriptome profiling in rice root and Predominance of different motifs in the subsets of genes suggests the involvement of motif-specific transcription modulating proteins in Cr stress response of rice.
Abstract: Widespread use of chromium (Cr) contaminated fields due to careless and inappropriate management practices of effluent discharge, mostly from industries related to metallurgy, electroplating, production of paints and pigments, tanning, and wood preservation elevates its concentration in surface soil and eventually into rice plants and grains In spite of many previous studies having been conducted on the effects of chromium stress, the precise molecular mechanisms related to both the effects of chromium phytotoxicity, the defense reactions of plants against chromium exposure as well as translocation and accumulation in rice remain poorly understood Detailed analysis of genome-wide transcriptome profiling in rice root is reported here, following Cr-plant interaction Such studies are important for the identification of genes responsible for tolerance, accumulation and defense response in plants with respect to Cr stress Rice root metabolome analysis was also carried out to relate differential transcriptome data to biological processes affected by Cr (VI) stress in rice To check whether the Cr-specific motifs were indeed significantly over represented in the promoter regions of Cr-responsive genes, occurrence of these motifs in whole genome sequence was carried out In the background of whole genome, the lift value for these 14 and 13 motifs was significantly high in the test dataset Though no functional role has been assigned to any of the motifs, but all of these are present as promoter motifs in the Database of orthologus promoters These findings clearly suggest that a complex network of regulatory pathways modulates Cr-response of rice The integrated matrix of both transcriptome and metabolome data after suitable normalization and initial calculations provided us a visual picture of the correlations between components Predominance of different motifs in the subsets of genes suggests the involvement of motif-specific transcription modulating proteins in Cr stress response of rice
158 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles synthesized by marine microalgae and find that the process is similar to the one described in this paper.
158 citations
TL;DR: Curcumin, the main bioactive component of Curcuma longa, inhibits Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli growth by inhibiting FtsZ assembly and interaction of curcumin with catalytic core domain of E. coli and B. subtil is investigated using computational docking.
151 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that many proteins may associate with mRNAs and possibly control their fates, providing dense connections between different layers of cellular regulation.
Abstract: Hundreds of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control diverse aspects of post-transcriptional gene regulation. To identify novel and unconventional RBPs, we probed high-density protein microarrays with fluorescently labeled RNA and selected 200 proteins that reproducibly interacted with different types of RNA from budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Surprisingly, more than half of these proteins represent previously known enzymes, many of them acting in metabolism, providing opportunities to directly connect intermediary metabolism with posttranscriptional gene regulation. We mapped the RNA targets for 13 proteins identified in this screen and found that they were associated with distinct groups of mRNAs, some of them coding for functionally related proteins. We also found that overexpression of the enzyme Map1 negatively affects the expression of experimentally defined mRNA targets. Our results suggest that many proteins may associate with mRNAs and possibly control their fates, providing dense connections between different layers of cellular regulation.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the isolation of Cr(VI) resistant bacterial strains from an Indian chromite mine soil and their potential use in reduction of hexavalent chromium.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The reduction of highly mobile and toxic hexavalent chromium by bacterial strains is considered to be a viable alternative to reduce Cr(VI) contamination, in soils and water bodies, emanating from the overburden dumps of chromite ores and mine drainage. The present study reports the isolation of Cr(VI) resistant bacterial strains from an Indian chromite mine soil and their potential use in reduction of hexavalent chromium.
RESULTS: Among the isolates, a bacterial strain (CSB-4) was identified as Bacillus sp. based on standard biochemical tests and partial 16SrRNA gene sequencing, which was tolerant to as high as 2000 mg L−1 Cr(VI) concentration. The strain was capable of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in different growth media. Under the optimized conditions pH ∼7.0, 100 mg L−1 Cr(VI), 35 °C temperature and stirring speed 100 rpm, CSB-4 reduced more than 90% of Cr(VI) in 144 h. The time course reduction data fitted well an exponential rate equation yielding rate constants in the range 3.22 × 10−2 to 6.5 × 10−3 h−1 for Cr(VI) concentration of 10–500 mg L−1. The activation energy derived from temperature dependence rate constants between 25 and 35 °C was found to be 99 kJ mol−1. The characterization of reduced product associated with bacterial cells by SEM-EDS, FT-IR and XRD was also reported.
134 citations
TL;DR: Concentrations of TCS and TCC in water and sediment were greater in the Vernon River, followed by the Savannah River and the Ogeechee River.
Abstract: Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarbon (TCC) are bactericides used in various consumer and personal-care products. Recent studies have revealed considerable levels of these bactericides in wastewater, aquatic wildlife, and human samples. Consequently, in this study we measured TCS and TCC in influent and effluent, sludge, and pond water/sediment samples from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and three major rivers in Savannah, Georgia (USA). Among these treatment plants, the Wilshire plant showed elevated concentrations of TCS (influent, 86,161; effluent, 5370 ng/L), whereas TCC was greater in the Georgetown plant (influent, 36,221) and the Wilshire plant effluent (3045 ng/L). Clearance of TCS and TCC were 95 and 92%, respectively, in the President Street plant, 94 and 85%, respectively, in the Wilshire plant, 99 and 80%, respectively, in the Travis Field plant, and 99 and 99%, respectively, in the Georgetown plant. Based on the mass flow estimate, 138 g/day of TCS and 214 g/day TCC are released into the Savannah River from the President Street, Travis Field, and Wilshire plants and 1.60 g/day TCS and 1.64 g/day TCC are released to the Ogeechee River from the Georgetown plant. Based on the sludge data, the loading estimate can be calculated that 32 and 0.004 g/day TCS and 53 and 0.01 g/day TCC (nonincinerated and incinerated, respectively) are deposited in landfill from the President Street plant alone, whereas 4.6, 26, and 6.8 g/day TCS and 3.8, 23, and 5.9 g/day TCC (wet sludge) were produced and dumped in landfill from the rest of the WWTPs. Incineration of wet sludge can eliminate 99.99% of TCS and TCC. Concentrations of TCS and TCC in water and sediment were greater in the Vernon River, followed by the Savannah River and the Ogeechee River.
109 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Pleurotus ostreatus was found to be rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine content whereas vitamin C and folic acid were also recorded as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated on different agro wastes viz soybean straw, paddy straw, wheat straw alone or in combination of 1:1 ratio. Maximum yield of P. ostreatus was recorded on soybean straw. Maximum protein, fat, ash, P, K and Na content was recorded when P. ostreatus was cultivated on soybean straw alone whereas maximum Ca and Fe content was recorded when P. ostreatus was cultivated on combination of soybean and paddy straw. Amino acid profile showed P. ostreatus proteins are rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine content whereas vitamin C and folic acid were also recorded. Biochemical changes take place in the substrates because of the mushroom growth. A decrease in cellulose, hemicellulose, crude fibre, carbohydrate lignin and tannin content was observed, while an increase in protein, ash and mineral content in spent straw was recorded.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a corn starch based green composites reinforced with graft copolymers of Saccharum spontaneum L. fiber and methyl methacrylates and its mixture with acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylic acid (AA) were prepared.
105 citations
TL;DR: This article recapitulates the scientific advancement towards the greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles using environmentally acceptable solvent systems and eco‐friendly reducing and capping agents.
Abstract: This article recapitulates the scientific advancement towards the greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Applications of noble metals have increased throughout human civilization, and the uses for nano-sized particles are even more remarkable. "Green" nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable solvent systems and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. Numerous microorganisms and plant extracts have been applied to synthesize inorganic nanostructures either intracellularly or extracellularly. The use of nanoparticles derived from noble metals has spread to many areas including jewelery, medical fields, electronics, water treatment and sport utilities, thus improving the longevity and comfort in human life. The application of nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for bactericidal agents represents a new paradigm in the design of antibacterial therapeutics. Orientation, size and physical properties of nanoparticles influences the performance and reproducibility of a potential device, thus making the synthesis and assembly of shape- and size-controlled nanocrystals an essential component for any practical application. This need has motivated researchers to explore different synthesis protocols.
98 citations
TL;DR: The use of trehalose in stabilizing protein molecules and helping them retain their functionally active forms under such conditions is examined and the various theories and mechanisms used to explain the protective action oftrehalose are briefly presented.
Abstract: The role of osmolytes, and especially trehalose, in stabilizing proteins under stress conditions is now a widely accepted fact. The physical and chemical properties of trehalose, i.e., low chemical reactivity, nonreducing nature, high glass transition temperature, high affinity for water molecules, existence of a number of polymorphs, etc., make it uniquely suitable for stabilizing partially unfolded protein molecules and inhibiting protein aggregation. This article discusses the various adverse situations that protein molecules face, both within the cell and outside, leading to their aggregation and inactivation. The use of trehalose in stabilizing protein molecules and helping them retain their functionally active forms under such conditions is examined. The various theories and mechanisms used to explain the protective action of trehalose are briefly presented. The experimental tools that can be used to decipher the mechanism of aggregation and the role of trehalose are also discussed.
01 Dec 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a study carried out in the month of April-June (2009) for which five rivers were chosen i.e. Alaknanda (A), Bhagirathi (B), Ganga (G), Mandakini (M), and Yamuna (Y).
Abstract: This study carried out in the month of April-June (2009) for which five rivers were chosen i.e. Alaknanda (A), Bhagirathi (B), Ganga (G), Mandakini (M) and Yamuna (Y). Water samples were collected ...
TL;DR: The current data suggests that Tribulus terrestris extract not only has a potential to inhibit nucleation and the growth of the CaOx crystals but also has a cytoprotective role.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Recurrence and persistent side effects of present day treatment for urolithiasis restrict their use, so an alternate solution, using phytotherapy is being sought. The present study attempted to evaluate the antilithiatic properties of Tribulus terrestris commonly called as “gokhru” which is often used in ayurveda to treat various urinary diseases including urolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The activity of Tribulus terrestris was investigated on nucleation and the growth of the calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals as well as on oxalate induced cell injury of NRK 52E renal epithelial cells. RESULTS: Tribulus terrestris extract exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition of nucleation and the growth of CaOx crystals. When NRK-52E cells were injured by exposure to oxalate for 72 h, Tribulus terrestris extract prevented the injury in a dose-dependent manner. On treatment with the different concentrations of the plant, the cell viability increased and lactate dehydrogenase release decreased in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The current data suggests that Tribulus terrestris extract not only has a potential to inhibit nucleation and the growth of the CaOx crystals but also has a cytoprotective role. Our results indicate that it could be a potential candidate for phytotherapy against urolithiasis.
TL;DR: An investigation was undertaken to explore the biocidal efficacy of fungicidal compound(s) produced by Calothrix elenkenii against damping-off disease in three vegetable crops-tomato, chilli and brinjal and revealed the superiority of seed treatment with ethyl acetate extracts, in terms of percent mortality and plant parameters.
Abstract: An investigation was undertaken to explore the biocidal efficacy of fungicidal compound(s) produced by Calothrix elenkenii against damping-off disease in three vegetable crops-tomato, chilli and brinjal. Treatments included application of seeds soaked in water (control), culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract of Calothrix elenkenii and Metalaxyl in potting mix inoculated with Pythium aphanidermatum in plastic pots. The observations taken after a period of four weeks revealed the superiority of seed treatment with ethyl acetate extracts, in terms of percent mortality and plant parameters. ANOVA revealed that the treatments, crops (tomato, chilli and brinjal) and their interactions exerted a significant influence on the parameters analyzed. Chilli recorded the highest percentage of survivors and responded best to the seed treatment with ethyl acetate extract of Calothrix elenkenii. Future work is being undertaken towards formulation of a biocontrol agent using Calothrix elenkenii and understanding the m...
TL;DR: In vitro obtained plants were transferred to the field after hardening with a 100% survival rate and Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was carried out using five random primers, revealing the genetic integrity of micropropagated plants.
Abstract: A two-stage culture procedure has been developed for highly efficient shoot regeneration from leaf and internode explants of Bacopa monnieri. Adventitious shoot buds were obtained on the shoot induction medium containing Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal salt supplemented with 1.5 mg/l thidiazuron and 0.5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid; these shoot buds were subcultured on the multiplication (second) medium amended with BAP (benzyl amino purine). Multiplication medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP produced more shoots (135) and longer shoots (7.8 cm) with more nodes (6). Best response of root induction with more number of roots (16.5) and longer roots (8.7 cm) was observed in half strength MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and 0.5 mg/l phloroglucinol. In vitro obtained plants were transferred to the field after hardening with a 100% survival rate. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was carried out using five random primers. The amplification products were monomorphic in micropropagated plants and similar to those of mother plant. No polymorphism was detected revealing the genetic integrity of micropropagated plants.
TL;DR: Subjecting zygotic embryo explants to six-week dark incubation period was essential for embryogenic callus induction, and these were subsequently transferred to 16 h photoperiod for further growth and development of somatic embryos.
Abstract: When cotyledonary explants, excised from in vitro germinated seedlings, of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) were incubated on solid Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 21 μM naptheleneacetic acid (NAA) and 9 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 80% of explants developed callus. A high frequency of shoot organogensis was obtained when explants were incubated on MS medium supplemented with 8 μM BA, 6 μM NAA, and 6 μM giberrellic acid (GA3). However, adding 24 μM silver nitrate (AgNO3) to this medium markedly enhanced shoot regeneration frequency (63%) and mean number of shoots per explant (11.26) and length of shoots (2.22 cm). Highest frequency of in vitro rooting, mean number of roots/shoot (4.32), and mean root length (2.71 cm) were obtained when regenerated shoots were transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.02% activated charcoal. Well-rooted plantlets were acclimatized, and then transferred to soil medium. Moreover, when zygotic embryos of P. granatum, excised from seeds collected at 16 weeks following full bloom, were incubated on MS medium containing 30 g l−1 sucrose, 15% coconut water, 21 μM NAA, and 9 μM BA, they developed the highest frequency of embryogenic callus, clumps with globular embryos, and mean number of both globular and heart-shaped embryos per callus clump. Subjecting zygotic embryo explants to six-week dark incubation period was essential for embryogenic callus induction, and these were subsequently transferred to 16 h photoperiod for further growth and development of somatic embryos. Germination of somatic embryos was observed when these were transferred to MS medium was supplemented with 60 g l−1 sucrose.
TL;DR: In this article, the Pearson product moment correlation among the elements in the particulate and dissolved phase of the water column was calculated and most of the elements are correlated well (p ≤ 0.005).
Abstract: Concentrations of trace elements were measured in water (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Al), sediment (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Ni, Al, Zn, Fe, and Co), and muscle tissue of nine selected fish species (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) collected from eastern Kolkata (India) estuarine-sewage fed fish ponds. In water, trace elements existed in particulate phase (60–80%) with Fe as the predominant element followed by Al > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu. The partitioning coefficients (Kd ) of the trace elements are low and fairly stable. The Pearson product moment correlation among the elements in the particulate and dissolved phase of the water column was calculated and most of the elements are correlated well (p ≤ 0.005). The trace element concentrations in sediments were in the following order: Al ≥ Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Co. Contamination factors (CFs) of trace elements in sediments were in the order of Pb ≥ Cu > Zn > Fe > Mn ≥ Ni ≥ Co > Al > Cr and Pollution Load Index ranges were 0.33–0.56. The CFs for Pb, Cu, and Zn are 0.92, 0.88, ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effluents of sugar and textile industry and their deleterious effects on the soil microflora were analyzed and the results showed that the textile effluent ph (8.1 -9.1); TSS (190 - 163); TDS (4354 - 5768), BOD (181 - 306), and COD is (3853 - 4691).
Abstract: Industrial Effluents entering the water bodies is one of major sources of environmental toxicity. It not only affects the quality of drinking water but also has deleterious impact on the soil microflora and aquatic ecosystems. Soil is the most favourable habitat for a wide range of microorganisms that includes bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses and protozoa. Industries keep on releasing effluents, which is quite toxic whether its sugar mill or fertilizer industries, or chemical treatment given to the fields also cause problems for the survival of the soil micro flora. In the present study we have analyzed the effluents of sugar and textile industry and their deleterious effects on the soil microflora. Analysis of the textile effluents shows that the ph (8.1 – 9.1); TSS (190 – 163); TDS (4354 – 5768), BOD (181 - 306) and COD is (3853 – 4691) whereas in the sugar effluents ph (7.1 – 9.1); TSS (301 - 494); TDS (2560 - 3978), BOD (2225 - 4526) and COD is (10896 - 16843). The values exceed the NEQS and FMENV values. The microbial flora too is affected by it as compared to the control water sample due to the high BOD and COD values.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the ethanol extract of PA possess nephroprotective and antioxidant effects against APAP-induced nephrotoxicity and strong diuretics effect in rats.
Abstract: Plectranthus amboinicus (PA), commonly known as country borage, is a folkoric medicinal plant. Juice from its leaves is commonly used for illnesses including liver and renal conditions in the Asian sub-continent. Acetaminophen (APAP), used as an analgesic, produces liver and kidney necrosis in mammals at high doses. The aim of this study was to investigate the nephroprotective, diuretic, and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of PA at two doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg bw on APAP-induced toxicity in rats. This study shows that APAP significantly increases the levels of serum urea (UR), hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte count, creatinine, raised body weight, and reduced levels of neutrophils, granulocytes, uric acid, and platelet concentration. Ethanol extract of PA rescued these phenotypes by increasing anti-oxidative responses as assessed by biochemistry and histopathology. In addition, the ethanol extract of PA at two doses showed a significant diuretic activity by increased levels of total urine ...
TL;DR: In this article, the electrocoagulation treatment of acid blue 113 (AB 113) was performed on the basis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency using an iron anode.
Abstract: The electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of Acid Blue 113 (AB 113) was performed on the basis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency using an iron anode. The process variables, including current density (1-5 A/dm 2 ), pH (5.5-7.5), and supporting electrolyte concentration (1-3 g/L) were investigated. Under the optimum operating conditions, more than 91 % COD removal efficiency was found. The optimum conditions were obtained with 3 A/dm 2 of current density, pH 6.5, and 2 g/L of supporting electrolyte concentration. COD removal rates obtained during the EC process can be described using a pseudo-kinetic model. The experimental kinetic data fit well with pseudo first-order kinetic model, with no significant change on the rate constant after 3 A/dm 2 of current density. The absorption spectra and Fourier transform infra red analysis were also performed to characterize the mechanism and nature of dye cleavage.
TL;DR: Almonds revealed the best antioxidant properties, presenting lower EC(50) values in all assays except in antioxidant enzymatic activity, and walnut showed the higher value of antioxidant activity based on lipid peroxidation assay.
TL;DR: In this article, green composites of the corn starch were developed by using resorcinol-formaldehyde (Rf) as the cross-linking agent and reinforced with graft copolymers Saccharaum spontaneum L(Ss) and methyl methacrylates (MMA) as principal monomer and its binary mixture with acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile(AN), acrylic acid (AA) prepared under micro-wave.
TL;DR: The data revealed that maximum mycelial growth was obtained in potato dextrose agar as semi-solid media i.e. malt extract broth as liquid broth media for F. solani, while maximum sporulation was recorded in oatmeal agar and mycological broth.
Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum f sp psidii and F solani, causal agents of wilt in guava are highly variable pathogens This study was conducted on cultural and physiological (temperature and pH) characters The data revealed that maximum mycelial growth was obtained in potato dextrose agar as semi-solid media ie 7800 mm for F oxysporum f sp psidii; 73 83 mm for F solani, while malt extract broth as liquid broth media ie 1 385 mg mycelia for F oxysporum f sp psidii; 1491 mg for F solani Maximum sporulation was recorded in oatmeal agar and mycological broth The optimum temperature and pH for growth of both Fusarium spp isolates was 28°C and 55 The isolates differed in their colony growth; mycelial mass, macro-conidia, and micro-conidia produced These varia- tions were characters of each of the isolates with respect to cultural and physiological characters
TL;DR: It is suggested that the micronuclei assay can be used as a constituent among the panel of biomarkers to assess genotoxicity in T2DM patients under long term antihyperglycemic drug therapy.
TL;DR: 9,10-Dihydro-2,5-dimethoxyphenanthrene-1,7-diol from Eulophia nuda tubers showed good growth suppressive effect against human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 making it a potential biomolecule against human cancer.
TL;DR: It is indicated that S-allylcysteine possesses a significantly beneficial effect on the glycoprotein moiety in addition to its antidiabetic effect.
TL;DR: The task of efficient utilisation of poultry farm excreta is a global problem and technologies that are developed towards this objective are protected into patents as mentioned in this paper, where the information contained in patents are analysed and compiled into seven groups.
Abstract: The task of efficient utilisation of poultry farm excreta is a global problem and technologies that are developed towards this objective are protected into patents. Strategic mining of globally available open access patent databases using a wide range of keywords related to poultry farm excreta yielded 341 relevant patents. The information contained in patents are analysed and compiled into seven groups. Poultry farm excreta are converted into fertiliser, feed, energy/fuel and also used for certain non-conventional applications too. Further, methods for reducing odour/ ammonia volatilization from poultry farm excreta and development of microbial consortia for rapid degradation of excreta are presented. A search on commercial utilisation of poultry farm excreta reveals it utility as a fertiliser. It is either used as a sole component of fertiliser or used in combination with other plant and animal wastes. The article highlights the technological details involved in patents falling into various groups and provides an analysis of strategies employed in processing and utilisation of poultry farm excreta.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of altitudinal variations on the total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant potential of seeds and hull of Tartar buckwheat collected from 15 different locations of Western Himalaya has been investigated.
Abstract: In the present work, the effect of altitudinal variations on the total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant potential of seeds and hull of Tartar buckwheat collected from 15 different locations of Western Himalaya has been investigated. Methanolic and acetonic extracts of seed and hull powder showed significantly increasing amounts of total polyphenol content, and antioxidant potential with rising altitude. Methanolic extract of seed and hull powder were found to have significantly greater polyphenol, and antioxidant potential as compared to acetonic extract. The methanolic seed extract of Inderdhara (3,133 m) showed the maximum total phenolic content 1,651 μg gallic acid equivalent/50 mg of dry weight. The methanolic seed extract of Inderdhara showed the maximum antioxidant activity (77.29±1.2%) and antiradical activity (55.5±0.5%) also. The results of this study exhibited good correlation with total polyphenol and antioxidant potential in all the samples followed by the increasing tendency towards rising altitude.
TL;DR: The wound healing activity of Bacoside‐A was more effective in various wound models compared to the standard skin ointment Nitrofurazone and the histological examination of the granuloma tissue of the Baco‐A treated group showed increased cross‐linking of collagen fibers and absence of monocytes.
Abstract: Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettest. (Scrophulariaceae) is a well-known medicinal herb. In the Indian system of medicine it is known as Brahmi (Sanskrit) and Indian water hyssop. Methanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri and its isolated constituent Bacoside-A were screened for wound healing activity. Bacoside-A was screened for wound healing activity by excision, incision and dead space wound on Swiss albino rats. Significant wound healing activity was observed in both extract and the Bacoside-A treated groups. The SDS-PAGE caseinolytic zymogram analysis of inhibition of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) enzyme from the excision wound by Bacoside-A, an isolated constituent, was done with the concentrations 100 and 200 micromg/ml. In Bacoside-A treated groups, epithelialization of the excision wound was faster with a high rate (18.30 +/- 0.01 days) of wound contraction. The tensile strength of the incision wound was increased (538.47 +/- 0.14 g) in the Bacoside-A treated group. In the dead space wound model, the weight of the granuloma was also increased (89.15 +/- 0.08 g). The histological examination of the granuloma tissue of the Bacoside-A treated group showed increased cross-linking of collagen fibers and absence of monocytes. The wound healing activity of Bacoside-A was more effective in various wound models compared to the standard skin ointment Nitrofurazone.
TL;DR: It is suggested that S-allyl cysteine treatment exerts a therapeutic protective nature in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of S-allyl cysteine (SAC) on the antioxidant defense system of pancreas in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetes in rats. The levels of blood glucose and TBARS in plasma and pancreas were estimated in control and experimental groups of rats. To assess the changes in the cellular antioxidant defense system, the level of reduced glutathione in plasma and pancreas and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were assayed in pancreatic tissue homogenate. The levels of glucose, TBARS and enzymatic antioxidants were altered in diabetic rats. These alterations were reverted back to near control levels after the treatment of SAC. The antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of SAC was compared with glyclazide, a well-known hypoglycemic drug. These findings suggest that SAC treatment exerts a therapeutic protective nature in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress.