Showing papers by "DePaul University published in 1968"

Administrative controls and innovation

Abstract: Administrative control procedures and organizational innovation appear to be incompatible organizational processes. Administrative control procedures are used to maximize coordination and to ensure reliability and predictability of behavior in the organization. Innovations are used to facilitate adaptation to the environment and to improve achievement of organizational goals. Innovation may reduce the degree of reliability in the organization, and the use of administrative controls may reduce innovation. However, administrative controls assume two forms whose effects on innovation may differ. One form is activity control—the degree to which members of the organization use procedures or resources specified by their superiors. The other is visibility of consequences—the ability and willingness to measure the consequences of organizational programs in terms of organizational goals. The following general hypotheses are advanced: (1) innovation varies inversely with activity control because activity control reduces the search for new programs and abridges the individual's capacity and incentive to innovate; and (2) innovation varies directly with visibility of consequences, since visibility of consequences allows the owner of an organization to evaluate the innovation's effect on goal achievement and to reward and encourage successful innovators. The variables were measured in 24 short-term, voluntary, nonteaching hospitals in the Chicago area, ranging in size from 216 to 393 beds. Innovation was measured by the promptness and frequency of trial of new drugs. Activity control and visibility of consequences were measured by indices of hospital procedures affecting medical staff practices. The following operational hypotheses were advanced: (1) the greater the control over medical staff activities, the less prompt the trials of new drugs; (2) the greater the control over medical staff activities, the less frequent the trials of new drugs; (3) the higher the visibility over medical care, the more prompt the trials of new drugs; and (4) the higher the visibility over medical care, the more frequent the trials of new drugs. Multiple regression analyses of the data were made. Other factors likely to affect innovation were included in the regressions to control for their effects. Hypothesis 4 received support at the 0.05 level of significance and the others received support at the 0.10 level. The pattern of findings lends support to the general hypotheses. The findings assume added importance because hospital control over medical staff activities is minimal. The relationships may be more pronounced in more tightly controlled organizations.

Strychnine and the Inhibition of Previous Performance

Abstract: The injection of strychnine sulfate into rats inhibits a hurdle-crossing response. Hurdle-crossing tends to decrease with increasing strychnine doses. The data are interpreted as being consistent with consolidation theory.

Approximate Analytical Wavefunctions for Certain States of Nd3

Abstract: Approximate analytical self‐consistent field wavefunctions were calculated for the ground state and for certain excited states of the laser‐active ion Nd3 +. The following states of the 4f3 configuration of Nd3 + were covered by our calculations: 4S, 4D, 4F, 4G, and 4I. For the purpose of this work we combined the minimum and the saturated basis set approximations. All the orbital exponents were accurately optimized. The d orbitals, and particularly the 4f orbital, were calculated unusually accurately. Except the optically unaffected orbitals 1s, 2s, and 2p, all the orbitals of the s, p, d, and f symmetries exhibited zero deviation (to five decimals) from the tail nodal extinction. The virial theorem was always satisfied to at least five significant figures.

"Freeloading" in a runway as a function of amount of training and type of reinforcement schedule.

Abstract: 2 groups of 60 rats received either 75 or 285 runs in a runway before being given a choice between freeloading from a dish of pellets in the start box or running the maze for a single pellet The 285-trial Ss showed less willingness to perform the operant than the 75-trial Ss This is opposite to what Jensen (1963) had found in the Skinner box Schedule of reinforcement (100 vs 50%) during training did not significantly affect freeloading scores

The use of imipramine in the treatment of enuresis. A review of the literature.

Abstract: Forty studies reporting the use of imipramine in the treatment of enuresis have been reviewed. All twenty-three of the uncontrolled studies report various degrees of success, and eleven of seventeen controlled studies also report successful results. The conclusion is that imipramine has a varied but statistically significant anti-enuretic effect on children.

Evanescent-mode resonator of pure te mode

Abstract: An example of an evanescent-mode resonator, suitable for forming elements of filters, is shown operating in a pure TE mode. The object of this letter is to show that such a resonator is possible without introducing any lumped discontinuities in the guide which would introduce local generation of spurious modes.

Glucose transport through cellulose acetate membranes: The influence of dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract: The diffusion through cellulose acetate membranes of d -glucose dissolved in water, dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvents has been measured. A new diffusion cell using polarimetry is described. The mixed solvent system has a maximum viscosity at about 0.35 mol fraction DMSO. The permeability constant decreases with an increase in DMSO content and in solvent viscosity. At the viscosity-maximum composition the permeability constant is seen to decrease steadily in time. Beyond this maximum at higher DMSO concentrations the membrane disintegrates. The inhibitory influence of DMSO on glucose transport probably involves both a viscosity and a membrane-damage effect.

Attitude Change, Interpersonal Attraction, and Communication in a Dyadic Situation

Abstract: (1968). Attitude Change, Interpersonal Attraction, and Communication in a Dyadic Situation. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 127-134.

Operant performance as a function of novelty of reward

Abstract: Wide differences in amount of exposure to and ingestion of Noyes food pellets did not significantly affect rate of responding to earn Noyes pellets under either CRF or fixed-ratio scheduling. Body weight data suggests that Noyes pellets are equally nourishing relative to Purina food for rats.