Showing papers by "DePaul University published in 1969"

Hormonal Effects on Calcium Metabolism in Crustacea

Abstract: Cyclic shifts of calcium in the exoskeleton and soft tissues, as they are related to the intermolt cycle in crayfish, are reviewed. Regulatory factors, derived from the eyestalk, influence levels of exoskeletal calcium; eyestalk extracts prepared from animals in premolt decrease shell calcium, while reciprocally extracts from animals in intermolt increase it when these hormonal sources are injected into animals in the premolt stage (D-D4) . In addition, premolt eyestalk extract results in an increase in gastrolith calcium. In the exchange of calcium between the animal and its environment there is evidence for differentialdeposition of recently available calcium in the exoskeleton. Further, intermolt and early premolt animals maintained in Ca45-labelled water for 15 days concentrate it 4 and 3—fold in the exoskeleton and stomach, respectively. However, removal of a molt-inhibiting factor through ablation of eyestalks results in a 20 and 40—fold increase in incorporation inthese same sites relative to environmental concentrations. Treatment with mammalian parathyroid extract mobilizes both exoskeletal and gastric calciumand leads to a rise in blood calcium. However, there is little or no effect on levels of exoskeletal citric acid. Further, citric acid is higher in the crayfish carapace during stage C, the period of mineralization, than in stage D, the period of demineralization. There are both similarities and differences between the effects of crustacean and mammalianregulating factors with respect to the direction and extent of mineralization. Biochemical studies should elucidate the mechanisms regulated by these hormones.

Learned resistance to punishment and subsequent responsiveness to the same and novel punishments

Abstract: In a factorial study, rats were trained to approach and consume food in the presence of gradually increasing shock punishment, gradually increasing airblast punishment, or no punishment, and were subsequently tested with full-strength shock of airblast punishment. The results showed that rats could learn to resist intense shock or airblast punishment if they were introduced gradually. While Ss learning to resist shock showed an increased resistance to airblast there was no evidence of the corresponding generalization from airblast to shock.

Iteration of functions analytic on a disk

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The guaranteed annual income: an appraisal

Abstract: In the past few years, Americans have become increasingly dis? satisfied with the absurd spectacle of millions of their fellow citizens living in poverty while the majority pursues quite a comfortable exis? tence. The current hodgepodge of welfare measures that fail to provide for many of the neediest of our poor and recognition of the demeaning features of the "means" test have stimulated interest in new approaches to the poverty problem. The idea that all Americans should be guaran? teed a minimum income, as a matter of right, is becoming increasingly acceptable and accepted. Early last summer more than 1,200 economists from 150 different colleges and universities signed a petition calling for the introduction of a negative income tax as the next logical step in the fight against poverty.1 The idea of a negative income tax is basically simple. Individuals and families with incomes less than some predetermined standard would be entitled to receive payments from the government, instead of paying taxes to the government as do the majority of our population. It would be a direct, relatively simple way to guarantee to a family some minimum annual income. Interest in the proposal is not confined to the universi? ties; many prominent businessmen also favor this approach.2 Indeed, we are told that "a plurality of the three hundred men who sit on Dun's Review's Presidents' Panel . . . propose just such a tax."3 In December of 1966, the Chamber of Commerce of the United States sponsored a National Symposium on Guaranteed Income. In the past two years, four important federal commissions have expressed interest in the concept of a guaranteed minimum income for all Americans.4 President Johnson, in January, 1968, appointed a Presidential commission to study and evaluate our entire welfare system, including the various guaranteed income alternatives to the existing programs. A subcommittee of the Joint Economic Committee, under the chairmanship of Representative Martha W. Griffiths, is "enquiring into programs and proposals for minimum income maintenance in the United States."5 It is proposed in this paper to examine some of the better known of these proposals, to indicate what they hope to achieve, to point out their similarities and differences, and finally to evaluate them in the light of the aims and objectives of our Association.

Effects of food reward and frustrative nonreward during escape training

Abstract: The effects of combining two different types of re in forcers were investigated during escape training. Results showed that performance followed by both shock offset and food reward was reliably superior to that followed by either shock offset or food reward alone (p<.005). When food was permanently omitted from the combination of shock offset and food (shock conditions being held constant) performance declined to a level reliably below that for shock offset alone (p <.02).

Learning to resist mild or intense shock punishment and subsequent resistance to airblast punishment

Abstract: Rats were trained to approach and consume food in the presence of either mild, intense, or no shock punishment and were subsequently tested with airblast punishment. The results showed that Ss learning to resist the intense shock punishment subsequently were significantly (p <.05) more resistant to airblast punishment than the mild punishment or the no punishment training groups. The difference between the mild and no punishment groups was not reliable.

Sport: A Philosophic Inquiry. By Paul Weiss

Abstract: (1969). Sport: A Philosophic Inquiry. By Paul Weiss. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 357-359.

Summation vs. congruity in the prediction of affective responses to numerals.

Abstract: (1969). Summation vs. Congruity in the Prediction of Affective Responses to Numerals. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 177-182.