Showing papers by "DePaul University published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the organizational innovation process, whereby context causes policy, which causes innovation, was tested and generally supported by data from 54 equipment and packaging suppliers to the food processing industry.
Abstract: In this study a model of the organizational innovation process, whereby context causes policy, which causes innovation, was tested and generally supported by data from 54 equipment and packaging suppliers to the food processing industry. Increasing organization size up to a point and an aggressive technology policy emerge as the two key variables in this model of organization and innovation.
372 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared 17 abused and 17 matched, non-abused children on their ability to identify six facial expressions of emotions and on teacher ratings of social competency.
Abstract: This study compared 17 abused and 17 matched, nonabused children on their ability to identify six facial expressions of emotions and on teacher ratings of social competency. Abused children were less skilled in decoding facial expressions of emotions and were rated less socially competent than nonabused children. The findings suggest a strategy for studying the development of emotion recognition skills by abused and nonabused children.
170 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present preliminary findings regarding the use of short-term group treatment for bulimia using a 12-session psycho-educational format, which indicated that all patients reduced the frequency of their bulimic behavior and showed change in attitudes related to pathological eating behavior.
Abstract: This brief report presents preliminary findings regarding the use of short-term group treatment for bulimia. Ten patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III (DSM-III) criteria for bulimia were treated in a 12-session psycho-educational format. Results indicated that all patients reduced the frequency of their bulimic behavior and showed change in attitudes related to pathological eating behavior. The preliminary results suggest that short-term group treatment may be a moderately effective treatment intervention for bulimia.
53 citations
TL;DR: It was showed that the home improvement centers with both the worst lumber inventory figures and the most instances of reported internal theft were staffed by a greater percentage of employees who did poorly on the dishonesty test.
Abstract: An 8-mo. predictive validity study in 8 home improvement centers showed that 86 employees' attitudes and cognitions toward theft reliably predicted future theft and counterproductivity. Employees with dishonest attitudes and cognitions toward theft, as measured by the Personnel Selection Inventory, were rated by store managers as having committed significantly more counterproductive acts during the 8-mo. period than employees with more honest attitudes/cognitions toward theft. In addition, other significant findings showed that the home improvement centers with both the worst lumber inventory figures and the most instances of reported internal theft were staffed by a greater percentage of employees who did poorly on the dishonesty test. These findings were discussed.
46 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that not only is hypophyseal TSH present in greater quantities after Day 10.5, but that adenohypophyseals synthesis and secretion of TSH may be stimulated by another factor (hypothalamic TRH) at this time, signaling functional maturation of the hypothalamo-adenohypophysis-thyroid axis.
42 citations
TL;DR: It is postulate that at least some of the silica‐scaled algae including Mallomonas and Synura may be distinct from other Chrysophyceae based upon pigmentation and other characters described in the literature.
Abstract: We analyzed 34 strains representing 25 species of Chrysophyceae for chlorophylls c1 and c2 using thin-layer chromatography. Most organisms had both chlorophylls c1 and c2 in addition to chlorophyll a but 17 strains of 9 species of Synura and Mallomonas possessed only chlorophylls a and c1. These are the first chlorophyll c-bearing algae which lack chlorophyll c2. We postulate that at least some of the silica-scaled algae including Mallomonas and Synura may be distinct from other Chrysophyceae based upon pigmentation and other characters described in the literature.
34 citations
TL;DR: Prepoint correlates of current and desired networks emerged as central factors affecting the psychological well-being of participants in this study.
Abstract: While many researchers have asserted that social participation enhances psychological well-being among the elderly, few empirical investigations have studied this relationship by systematically enhancing activities and developing supports for the isolated elderly. In the present study, elderly community residents participated in a network-building visiting program, which reinforced and encouraged involvement in community settings; in a relationship-oriented visiting program, which emphasized empathy and concern; or in a nonequivalent control group. All three groups were administered pre- and postpoint scales on life satisfaction, health, depression, I-E, current and desired social networks, telephone calls, and visitors. Weekly activities and biweekly quality-of-life-ratings were collected on the two experimental groups. At the program's end, the network-building group exhibited directionally higher means on most variables; however, few significant differences were found. Prepoint correlates of current and desired networks emerged as central factors affecting the psychological well-being of participants in this study.
33 citations
27 citations
TL;DR: This article provided youngsters about to graduate from high school with graded crisis experiences to work through under circumstances that favored successful outcomes, and three types of coping strategies, including relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and problem solving, were provided to the youngsters to help them deal with the crisis experiences.
Abstract: All youngsters are regularly exposed to milestone developmental transitions. Inadequately dealing with developmental transitions might adversely prepare adolescents for future transitions, whereas mastery of these situations might lead to enhancement of capacities to successfully cope with future transitions. The present study provided youngsters about to graduate from high school with graded crisis experiences to work through under circumstances that favored successful outcomes. Three types of coping strategies, including relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and problem solving, were provided to the youngsters to help them deal with the crisis experiences. Following participation in the 6-week program, participants, as opposed to controls, evidenced significantly higher scores on tests measuring self-efficacy and rational beliefs. When presented with a scene depicting a potentially traumatic transition at the end of the program, participants in comparison to controls used significantly more cognitive restructuring strategies. The overall findings from the study suggest that seniors about to graduate from high school can profit from being provided a preventive intervention that prepares them for dealing with transitions.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and religiosity factors were examined as influence of sexual fantasies and their behavioral expression on sexual behavior in college students.
Abstract: Race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and religiosity factors were examined as influence of sexual fantasies and their behavioral expression. Four groups of fifty undergraduate college students...
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a general model of how organizational variables moderate the influence of individual change values on innovative intentions and how these same organizational factors moderate the impact of individual innovative intentions on organizational innovative outcomes.
Abstract: In this study three, two-part propositions were developed based on a general model of how organizational variables moderate the influence of individual change values on innovative intentions and how these same organizational factors moderate the impact of individual innovative intentions on organizational innovative outcomes. A total of 66 respondents, mostly top managers in food processing and food equipment and packaging firms, returned questionnaires. Results indicated that the absence of technical specialist concentration significantly (p <.05) increased the correlation between managerial change values and innovative intentions. Organization size and diversification into nonfood markets did not significantly moderate the correlation between managerial change values and innovative intentions although results were in the predicted direction. Managerial innovative intentions were significantly (p <.05) more likely to be correlated with the rate of new products introduction, and the rate of adoption of incremental process innovation when technical specialists were concentrated. Managerial innovative intentions were significantly (p <.05) more likely to be correlated with the rate of new production introduction and the adoption of radical (new to the industry) process innovation in firms that had diversified into nonfood markets. Critical incident accounts by respondents of creative or innovative episodes in their organizations are strongly correlated with indicators of slack resources for innovation, and the skills managers develop to identify and back innovators in their firms are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that performance gaps are significantly correlated with objective measures of environmental uncertainty but not with innovation among 147 food processing firms in a secondary data analysis of 147 companies.
Abstract: Although performance gaps have long been assumed to stimulate innovative organizations, the theory has rarely been tested. In a secondary data analysis of 147 food processing firms, it was found that performance gaps are significantly correlated with objective measures of environmental uncertainty but not with innovation among firms in this sample. It was hypothesized that since performance gaps might impinge upon the availability of slack resources to the firm, small firms would be discouraged from innovating after experiencing a performance gap and large firms would be encouraged to innovate in response to a performance gap. Modest support for this proposition was obtained. Three other propositions were strongly supported by these data. Perceived rather than objective measures of environmental uncertainty are significantly correlated with radical innovation in firms that have successfully avoided severe performance gaps, most probably because they are significantly more likely to have formulated and implemented an aggressive technology policy. It appears that environmental change and turbulence that cause performance gaps can promote innovation for an organization if they can be anticipated, but will discourage especially radical innovation once they have led to a severe performance gap.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a study of innovation among firms in the food sector (suppliers of equipment and packaging, and food processors) and the methodology to incorporate national innovation policy concerns is discussed, including the analysis and impact of firm preferences for federal innovation incentives.
TL;DR: Observations are interpreted as demonstrating that in the chick embryo the adenohypophyseal-testicular axis is functional by Day 13.5 of incubation, and there are also indications that the hypothalamic-adenohyp Oxygen-Testicular complex is functional at this same embryonic time.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how the mystery shopper research technique can be adapted for teaching marketing principles, where students visit stores and evaluate competitive products using comparison shoppers trained as comparison shoppers.
Abstract: This article describes how the mystery shopper research technique can be adapted for teaching marketing principles. Trained as comparison shoppers, students visit stores and evaluate competitive pr...
TL;DR: In this article, 60 nursing-home residents were administered the Eysenck Personality Inventory and then randomly assigned to one of two experimental manipulations, one of which was of a high activity, interpersonal type; those classified as introverts evidenced more satisfaction with a low activity, non-interpersonal type manipulation.
TL;DR: The compound eye of the Antarctic euphausiid EUphausia superba is a spherical clear zone eye which consists of a hexagonally-faceted cornea, two corneagenous cells, two crystalline cone cells which form the bipartite crystalline cones, and two accessory cone cells.
Abstract: The compound eye of the Antarctic euphausiid Euphausia superba is a spherical clear zone eye. The dioptric system consists of a hexagonally-faceted cornea, two corneagenous cells, two crystalline cone cells which form the bipartite crystalline cone, and two accessory cone cells. The dioptric system of each ommatidium is separated from that of adjacent ommatidia by six distal pigment cells and a basement membrane. The proximal tip of the crystalline cone is cupped by the distal ends of the seven retinula cells whose nuclei are arranged in a staggered array slightly distal to the middle of the clear zone. In the distal half of the clear zone, each narrow retinula cell column is surrounded by large proximal extensions of the six distal pigment cells. The pigment cells narrow more proximally and terminate at the proximal basement membrane. A specialized axial channel complex extends from the crystalline cone through the clear zone, and is continuous with a conical refractive element which caps the distal end of the rhabdom. The rhabdom is fused, and made up of alternating highly birefringent layers of orthogonally-oriented microvilli. It is surrounded by a narrow extra-cellular space which is continuous with the distal refractive element and a second conical refractive element at the proximal end of the rhabdom.
TL;DR: The intervention focused on helping youngsters successfully navigate an important transitional event- transfer into a new school, and children exposed to the preventive intervention were more knowledgeable about the school.
Abstract: The present study evaluated a primary prevention, school-based program. The intervention focused on helping youngsters successfully navigate an important transitional event- transfer into a new school. Transitions such as entering a new school pose significant challenges to a child's ability to cope with the process of change. Adjustment difficulties are sometimes associated with school transitions, and transfer students experience anxiety over gaining peer acceptance and meeting school expectations. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a multi-element orientation program in preventing school adjustment problems among children transferring into a new school. The intervention included information, a peer-led discussion group, and a tour. Half the incoming transfer students in an inner-city elementary school were provided the program; the other youngsters served as controls. Children exposed to the preventive intervention, in comparison to controls, were more knowledgeable about the school; however, ...
01 Apr 1983
TL;DR: One hundred ninety three entrepreneurs (193) were surveyed to determine the types of problems which were most frequently encountered and the type of information sources likely to be utilized as discussed by the authors, and the most frequently used information sources were:
Abstract: One hundred ninety three entrepreneurs (193) were surveyed to determine the types of problems which were most frequently encountered and the types of information sources likely to be utilized. Gene...
TL;DR: Although virtually all respondents reported themselves as friendly, high SACRAL scorers, when compared with low scorers), less frequently experience loneliness and in a variety of contexts claim to be more apt to engage in friendly behaviors.
Abstract: Friendliness was regarded as a construct or dispositional tendency consisting of four components: Self-concept (S), the person's beliefs about self related to peer relationships; Accessibility (AC), giving behaviors involving attention and respect; Rewardingness (R), the giving of more tangible rewards, such as money and compliments; and Alienation (AL), personal beliefs about acceptance and the world as a friendly place. A 40-item questionnaire was developed to assess these components of friendliness. Studies of the questionnaire with college students and children supported its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity. Although virtually all respondents reported themselves as friendly, high SACRAL scorers, when compared with low scorers, less frequently experience loneliness and in a variety of contexts claim to be more apt to engage in friendly behaviors. The impression that emerges of relatively low scorers on SACRAL is of people whose professed actions are somewhat inconsistent with their personal beliefs.
TL;DR: This paper added two new twists to the methodology of neoclassical economics: the Austrian School's subjectivism and Friedman's positivism, and Austrian subjectivism insulates economic theory completely from scientific testing.
Abstract: AS the contradictory evidence gathered by other social scientists has continued to accumulate, two new twists have been added to the methodology of neoclassical economics From Milton Friedman's positivism came the twist that “unrealistic” assumptions can be ignored, prediction is all that really matters From the Austrian School's subjectivism came the twist that since economic theory is the a priori logic of subjective individual choice, the theory cannot be tested in the scientific sense at all Neither qualitative historical evidence nor quantitative prediction can yield a scientific test of theory At least Friedman's positivism allows for predictive testing, even though decisive tests are seldom found in social science But Austrian subjectivism insulates economic theory completely from scientific testing Neither methodology is conducive to scientific progress
TL;DR: The data suggest that at least for some families, self-recording can reduce children's excessive television viewing, and parents reported that the feedback from self-recordings stimulated them to begin substituting alternative activities for television watching.
Abstract: Excessive television watching among children is unfortunate for several reasons: research generally links televised violence to later aggressive behavior (Rubenstein, 1983), heavy viewing is related inversely to school achievement, and opportunities to engage in other developmentally important activities are restricted. Self-monitoring has been employed successfully to reduce undesirable behaviors, including excessive television viewing by adults (Jason & Klich, 1982). The present study investigated using self-monitoring to reduce television viewing among children. Newspaper advertisements were used to recruit participants. Each of the five recruited families collected self-report data on daily viewing of their child who watched an excessive amount of television. For three of these families, reductions in the target behavior were noticed immediately (the other two families were provided behavioral interventions and are described in separate reports). The parent of a 3-yr.-old male Mexican-American indicated her child watched television 8 hr. a day. During a 7-day self-record period, average hours watched was 2.6. At a 6-mo. follow-up, the parent estimated the child watched between 2 and 3 hr. daily. The parent of another Mexican-American male child, aged 4 yr. old, estimated her child watched television 16 hr. each day. During 21 days of self-recording, viewing averaged 4.5 hr. daily. At a 6-mo. follow-up, the parent estimated her child watched television an average of 4 to 5 hr. each day. The mother of an Asian-Pakistani 5-yr.-old male estimated her child watched 9 hr. of television daily. Viewing averaged 3.9 hr. daily during an 18-day self-record period. Follow-up data were not available because the family moved. These data suggest that at least for some families, self-recording can reduce children's excessive television viewing. Parents reported that the feedback from self-recordings stimulated them to begin substituting alternative activities for television watching.
TL;DR: The first measurements of the net atmospheric deposition of PCBs to the ice cover of a body of water were made on ice cores collected from the frozen surface of Lake Huron late in the ice seasons of 1978 and 1979 as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects that politics, government structure, and economic standards have upon federal water resources planning are examined, and recommendations to improve the product of this process must take into account its essential nature.
Abstract: . The effects that politics, government structure, and economic standards have upon federal water resources planning are examined. Water resources policy decisions are treated as a product of political demands which, in turn, are examined as a product of the direct or indirect stakes, or perception thereof, in a policy. Government structure also affects decisions, since it affects political access and, subsequently, power as well as the administrative capacity of government. Economic standards, such as a requirement that water projects contribute to national economic development, arise within a political context. Formulation of federal water resources policy is essentially a political process that is conditioned to some extent by government structure and planning standards such as economic requirements. Thus, recommendations to improve the product of this process must take into account its essential nature. Examples are drawn from the western reclamation and water pollution experiences.
TL;DR: The training of interns and practicum students has become a significant part of the overall program of CMHCs over the last decade and the planned incorporation of additional CMH/CP components into training programs augurs well for the future.
Abstract: The training of interns and practicum students has become a significant part of the overall program of CMHCs over the last decade. Although many centers provide innovative training in areas consistent with the philosophies of community mental health/community psychology, CMHCs consider the outstanding training which they provide to be in the traditional clinical areas. The fact that the revolution envisaged by the early proponents of the CMH/CP ideology has become transformed into an evolution is not cause for dismay but rather constitutes a study in social change. The planned incorporation of additional CMH/CP components into training programs augurs well for the future. However, the future of training programs is dependent on the extent to which the profession as a whole marshals its resources to not only maintain but increase the financial resources required for maintaining our network of training facilities—CMHCs along with other facilities.
TL;DR: Two concurrently run TSCF experiments illustrated that sub-optimal growth rates of phytoplankton result in a stress condition that renders the population more susceptable to death and decomposition.
TL;DR: The data suggest that in the developing chick embryo there are differences in dependence of the thyroid and the gonads upon a functional hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal unit.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the recent criticisms and reviews the standard setting procedures of the APB, FASB, and the ASB, concluding that there is no empirical evidence to indicate that the Big Eight collectively govern the accounting and auditing standard-setting process.