Showing papers by "DePaul University published in 1995"
TL;DR: This work examines ways of improving the design of the HVM such that it better represents the original data in a clear and simple fashion and compares the traditional HVM design to an alternative design format using data from an empirical study of ski destination choice.
186 citations
Journal Article•
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a local search heuristic (LSH) was proposed for large non-unicost set-covering problems (SCPs) based on the simulated annealing algorithm and uses an improvement routine designed to provide low-cost solutions within a reasonable amount of CPU time.
Abstract: In this note we describe a local-search heuristic (LSH) for large non-unicost set-covering problems (SCPs). The new heuristic is based on the simulated annealing algorithm and uses an improvement routine designed to provide low-cost solutions within a reasonable amount of CPU time. The solution costs associated with the LSH compared very favorably to the best previously published solution costs for 20 large SCPs taken from the literature. In particular, the LSH yielded new benchmark solutions for 17 of the 20 test problems. We also report that, for SCPs where column cost is correlated with column coverage, the new heuristic provides solution costs competitive with previously published results for comparable problems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the relationship between a supplier's power and its use of influence tactics with a distributor, the level of bureaucracy (operationalized as centralization and formalization), influence use and relationship performance, and bureaucracy and performance.
142 citations
TL;DR: It appears that among men living in a communal setting with other recovering addicts, the need for social support for sobriety from similar others continues beyond the confines of their residence.
109 citations
Journal Article•
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined possible agency problems in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) by contrasting the performance, structure and compensation of the two REIT forms from 1987 through 1992.
Abstract: This study examines possible agency problems in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) by contrasting the performance, structure and compensation of the two REIT forms from 1987 through 1992. Result...
92 citations
Proceedings Article•
20 Aug 1995TL;DR: The AI Lab at Chicago has begun development of a new set of software agents designed to manage the flood of data colloquially called the "information superhighway".
Abstract: The AI Lab at Chicago has begun development of a new set of software agents designed to manage the flood of data colloquially called the "information superhighway". Our approach takes its lead from case-based technology [Riesbeck and Schank, 1989; Hammond, 1989; Kolodner, 1993] in that we are building systems that emphasize the use of examples over explicit queries or questions for communicating with the user.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report two studies that provide evidence of the attraction effect in the choice of political candidates in the 1994 Illinois State primary election and the 1992 U.S. presidential election.
89 citations
01 Dec 1995
TL;DR: A metric-based tool called AIDE (semi-Automated Interface Designer and Evaluator) which assists designers in creating and evaluating layouts for a given set of interface controls is presented.
Abstract: Automating any part of the user interface design and evaluation process can help reduce development costs. This paper presents a metric-based tool called AIDE (semi-Automated Interface Designer and Evaluator) which assists designers in creating and evaluating layouts for a given set of interface controls. AIDE is an initial attempt to demonstrate the potential of incorporating metrics into user interface development tools, Analyzing the interfaces produced using AIDE provides encouraging feedback about the potential of this technique.
86 citations
TL;DR: A random community sample was interviewed by telephone in order to identify and comprehensively evaluate individuals with symptoms of CFS and those who self-report having CFS.
Abstract: Most of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) epidemiological studies have relied on physicians who refer patients having at least 6 months of chronic fatigue and other symptoms. However, there are a number of potential problems when using this method to derive prevalence statistics. For example, some individuals with CFS might not have the economic resources to access medical care. Other individuals with CFS might be reluctant to use medical personnel, particularly if they have encountered physicians skeptical of the authenticity of their illness. In addition, physicians that are skeptical of the existence of CFS might not identify cases. In the present pilot study, a random community sample (N=1,031) was interviewed by telephone in order to identify and comprehensively evaluate individuals with symptoms of CFS and those who self-report having CFS. Different definitions of CFS were employed, and higher rates (0.2%) of CFS were found than in previous studies. Methodological benefits in using more rigorous epidemiological methods when estimating CFS prevalence rates are discussed.
TL;DR: Schooling either has no effect or a positive effect on the likelihood that older men and women smoke, and endogeneity between schooling and smoking behavior is examined.
TL;DR: A new local-search heuristic based on the simulated annealing algorithm is developed to generate feasible integer personnel schedules in continuously operating organizations and is shown to be generally superior to those of branch-and-bound integer programming.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is proposed that marketing exchanges are unbalanced in favor of marketers when one of the parties is a poor consumer, but in addition, marketers are presented with ethical conflicts in such exchanges.
Abstract: It is proposed that marketing exchanges are unbalanced in favor of marketers when one of the parties is a poor consumer, but in addition, marketers are presented with ethical conflicts in such exchanges. An exchange model that includes poor consumers is described. By strengthening ethical foundations of exchange, five implications for making the balance more equitable are discussed. One implication leads to the idea that small buying groups can increase the exchange power of poor consumers, thereby increasing the real and perceived equity as well as the level of commitment of all parties to a marketing exchange.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The difference in the time of expression of OCT4 mRNA and OCT6 mRNA indicates that the two genes play differential roles in human embryogenesis, and supports the concept that genetic elements determining developmental events during embryogenesis are conserved in evolution.
Abstract: Utilizing a sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay system, the time course of mRNA expression of two transcription regulators, OCT4 and OCT6, was assessed in individual preimplantation human embryos. Examination of ova with three pronuclei and 1-cell through blastocyst stage embryos revealed that OCT4 mRNA was continuously expressed between the time of fertilization and 10+ cell stages, whereas OCT6 mRNA expression was not observed until the 10+ cell stage. The difference in the time of expression of OCT4 mRNA and OCT6 mRNA indicates that the two genes play differential roles in human embryogenesis. Nucleotide sequence homology for OCT4 and OCT6 among mammalian organisms supports the concept that genetic elements determining developmental events during embryogenesis are conserved in evolution.
TL;DR: 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the conjugate revealed that the enzyme catalyzed the addition of GSH to the olefinic double bond of p-coumaric acid, suggesting that this enzyme may be involved in the in vivo conjugation of a number of unsaturated phenylpropanoids.
Abstract: A glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme from corn (Zea mays L. Pioneer hybrid 3906) that is active with p-coumaric acid and other unsaturated phenylpropanoids was purified approximately 97-fold and characterized. The native enzyme appeared to be a monomer with a molecular mass of approximately 30 kD and an apparent isoelectric point at pH 5.2. The enzyme had a pH optimum between 7.5 and 8.0 and apparent Km values of 4.4 and 1.9 mM for reduced glutathione (GSH) and p-coumaric acid, respectively. In addition to p-coumaric acid, the enzyme was also active with o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and coniferyl alcohol. In addition to GSH, the enzyme could also utilize cysteine as a sulfhydryl source. The enzyme activity measured when GSH and trans-cinnamic acid were used as substrates was enhanced 2.6- and 5.2-fold by the addition of 50 [mu]M p-coumaric acid and 7-hydroxycoumarin, respectively. 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the conjugate revealed that the enzyme catalyzed the addition of GSH to the olefinic double bond of p-coumaric acid. Based on the high activity and the substrate specificity of this enzyme, it is possible that this enzyme may be involved in the in vivo conjugation of a number of unsaturated phenylpropanoids.
TL;DR: Role differentiation was observed as early as 7 months, and its frequency was unaffected by toy characteristics, but the type of toy did influence the likelihood of eliciting role differentiation between 9 and 13 months.
Abstract: Role-differentiated bimanual manipulation requires each hand to perform different, but complementary, actions on one or more objects. It is usually considered to be a late-developing high-level motor and cognitive skill involving the coordination of the two hemispheres of the brain. The frequency of role-differentiated bimanual manipulations was recorded in a longitudinal sample of 24 infants tested at 7, 9, 11, and 13 months during play with 10 different toys. Role differentiation was observed as early as 7 months, and its frequency was unaffected by toy characteristics. Role-differentiated bimanual actions increased with age, and the type of toy did influence the likelihood of eliciting role differentiation between 9 and 13 months.
TL;DR: The difference in the time of expression of OCT4 mRNA and OCT6 mRNA indicates that the two genes play differential roles in human embryogenesis, and supports the concept that genetic elements determining developmental events during embryogenesis are conserved in evolution.
Abstract: Utilizing a sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay system, the time course of mRNA expression of two transcription regulators, OCT4 and OCT6, was assessed in individual preimplantation human embryos. Examination of ova with three pronuclei and 1-cell through blastocyst stage embryos revealed that OCT4 mRNA was continuously expressed between the time of fertilization and 10+ cell stages, whereas OCT6 mRNA expression was not observed until the 10+ cell stage. The difference in the time of expression of OCT4 mRNA and OCT6 mRNA indicates that the two genes play differential roles in human embryogenesis. Nucleotide sequence homology for OCT4 and OCT6 among mammalian organisms supports the concept that genetic elements determining developmental events during embryogenesis are conserved in evolution.
09 Aug 1995
TL;DR: The ZANS approach to animating a large subset of Z specifications is presented, which transforms the specifications into an imperative intermediate language, which can also serve as the basis of code synthesis from Z specifications.
Abstract: This paper presents the ZANS approach to animating a large subset of Z specifications. Unlike most other animation approaches that are based on functional or logical programming paradigms, the approach presented transforms the specifications into an imperative intermediate language, which can also serve as the basis of code synthesis from Z specifications. ZANS is showing promise of being an effective tool for requirements validation and assisting students learning Z specification languages.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to test whether stylistic differences in maternal caregiving were associated with both secure and insecure mother-infant attachment classifications in a low-income sample.
Abstract: This investigation was designed to test whether stylistic differences in maternal caregiving were associated with both secure and insecure mother-infant attachment classifications in a low-income sample. Multiple measures of maternal interactive behavior and care were collected from a sample of 95 urban, low-income mothers and their 12-month-old infants. Contemporaneous relations to attachment were found only at the broad level of composite scores of caregiving. Scores derived from different measures were aggregated to create composites reflecting three caregiver styles—sensitive, controlling, and unresponsive. Mothers of infants with secure attachment classifications showed greater sensitivity and less controlling behavior than mothers of infants with resistant and avoidant attachments, respectively. Mothers of infants with resistant attachments appeared less responsive to their infants' signals than those of infants with avoidant attachments. Group differences were significant, but modest. These results contribute to the growing body of studies relating parental care with infant attachment patterns and indirectly support the more recent conceptual work on intergenerational transmission of attachment. They also raise methodological issues that need to be considered in future work on caregiving and infant-mother attachment.
TL;DR: A media-based worksite smoking cessation program was evaluated in this article, where participants in each worksite received a television program and one of three conditions: self-help manuals alone, selfhelp manuals and incentives, or maintenance manuals, incentives, support groups, and cognitive behavioral strategies for quitting smoking.
TL;DR: In this article, the relative influence of a set of individual (i.e., self-esteem, tolerance for ambiguity), relational and organizational factors on new hire (n = 200) information-seeking was described.
Abstract: This study describes the relative influence of a set of individual (i.e., self‐esteem, tolerance for ambiguity), relational (i.e., perceived social costs of seeking information), and organizational factors (i.e., social support, mode of socialization) on new hire (n = 200) information‐seeking. A LISREL analysis suggests that organizational newcomers' information‐seeking strategy preferences are determined, in part, by the perceived social costs of seeking information they face. Post‐hoc analyses further reveal that perceived social costs of seeking information helps determine who new hires target with overt requests for information. In turn, social support and mode of socialization‐were found to contribute to newcomers' perceived social costs of seeking information. This article concludes with limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications for practitioners.
TL;DR: Parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor‐joining analyses of the rbcL data strongly support monophyly of a clade containing taxa with ribbonlike chloroplasts and, to a lesser extent, monophylly of a second clade of the four genera with the other two chloroplast shapes.
Abstract: Sequences for the Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) gene were used to test hypotheses about the evolution of chloroplast shape and thallus type in genera of two families of conjugating green algae (Zygnematales): the Mesotaeniaceae (saccoderm desmids, mostly unicellular) and the Zygnemataceae (strictly filamentous). Unicellular (u) and filamentous (f) genera exhibit a series of three similar chloroplast shapes: ribbonlike (e.g. Spirotaenia [u], Spirogyra [f], and Sirogonium [f], laminate (e.g. Mesotaenium [u] and Mougeotia [f]), and twin-stellate (e.g. Cylindrocystis [u] and Zygnema [f]. Two conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed: 1) families are polyphyletic constructs drawn from three lineages, each with unicellular and filamentous taxa characterized by a specific chloroplast shape; or 2) unicells form one monophyletic lineage (Mesotaeniaceae) and filaments form another (Zygnemataceae), with some chloroplast shapes independently derived. The rbcL data strongly refute hypothesis 2 (monophyly of the two traditional families) and support hypothesis 1 in part. Parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining analyses of the rbcL data strongly support monophyly of a clade containing taxa with ribbonlike chloroplasts and, to a lesser extent, monophyly of a second clade of the four genera with the other two chloroplast shapes. Two saccoderm genera (Roya, curved laminate chloroplasts; Netrium, “cucumber”-shaped chloroplasts) are not members of either of these clades, but they are included in a monophyletic Zygnematales.
TL;DR: A procedure using similarity coefficients and a parallel genetic implementation of a TSP algorithm that is capable of solving large problems of up to 1000 parts and 1000 machines is proposed.
TL;DR: This paper examined the accounts of 30 white middle-and upper-class female heroin/methadone users and found that these women recall their initial heroin use in ways that suggest rejection of restrictive gender and class expectations.
Abstract: In this study, we examine the accounts of 30 white middle- and upper-class female heroin/methadone users. Using a resistance framework, we note that these women recall their initial heroin use in ways that suggest rejection of restrictive gender and class expectations. Using a dynamic view of resistance, we begin to understand how these women attempt to resist the dominant discourse through their heroin use and to reinterpret their experiences with heroin.
TL;DR: Health care professionals need to assume a larger role in defining this syndrome, in developing more sensitive research strategies for collecting data with CFS samples, in conceptualizing more complex theories for understanding this disease, in conducting more rigorous CFS epidemiological research, and in devising more comprehensive treatment approaches for CFS.
Abstract: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a new challenge to health care professionals. During the last decade, scientists have (a) created diagnostic criteria for CFS, (b) devised CFS assessment approaches, (c) collected CFS epidemiological data, and (d) formulated CFS treatment approaches. The CFS diagnostic criteria identify a subpopulation of individuals with this disorder, and those individuals might have a greater tendency to have psychiatric comorbidity. In addition, the initial CFS epidemiological data collected might have underestimated the prevalence of this disorder. If current estimated prevalence rates of CFS are inaccurate, these estimates could have detrimental public policy implications. Health care professionals need to assume a larger role in defining this syndrome, in developing more sensitive research strategies for collecting data with CFS samples, in conceptualizing more complex theories for understanding this disease, in conducting more rigorous CFS epidemiological research, and in devising more comprehensive treatment approaches for CFS.
TL;DR: In the early modern empires of the Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals, Islam was often seen as the universal political explanation as discussed by the authors, and the faith of Islam was responsible for the successful beginnings and dismal conclusions of those states.
Abstract: Islamic theology grants temporal rulers no divine right to command. Muslim kings have often tried to win a kind of legitimacy by offering various kinds of patronage to religious notables. In the Mamluk, Ottoman and Safavi states, endowments (awqdf) were the most common form of benefaction. The Timunds of India, however, favored other forms of grants. They did so, in part, to adjust to religious centers and networks of learned/holy men established by the Muslim rulers who had preceded them. Islam has often appeared in historiography on the early modern empires of the Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals as the universal political explanation. The faith of Islam was responsible for the successful beginnings and dismal conclusions of those states. At the birth of an empire, Islam supposedly provided the spiritual cement which united all participants and directed their energies toward a common goal. The simple Hanafi piety of Osman Ghazi's warriors made the Ottomans masters of Rumelia and Anatolia1). The millenarian fervor of the Turkman qtzzlbash devoted to Ismail Safavi enabled that dynasty to create an empire in the Iranian plateau and adjacent regions'). Islam gave Zahir al-Din Babar and his tiny band of Central Asian horsemen the confidence to conquer the Hindu masses of India3). At the same time, scholars have placed Islam at the root of Ottoman and Mughal declines (Having been annihilated by a usurper, the Safavis escaped that style of historical criticism). Islam as a supposedly irrational and backward looking orthodoxy did not prepare the Ottomans or Mughals to adapt to the challenges posed by the expansion of Europe. They became losers in the Darwinian political struggles of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In the Ottoman case, the conservative Culamd) managed to frustrate every Ottoman attempt at reform4). As for the Mughals, Alamgir