Showing papers by "DePaul University published in 2002"
TL;DR: The results indicate that using the generated aggregate profiles, the technique can achieve effective personalization at early stages of users' visits to a site, based only on anonymous clickstream data and without the benefit of explicit input by these users or deeper knowledge about them.
Abstract: Web usage mining, possibly used in conjunction with standard approaches to personalization such as collaborative filtering, can help address some of the shortcomings of these techniques, including reliance on subjective user ratings, lack of scalability, and poor performance in the face of high-dimensional and sparse data However, the discovery of patterns from usage data by itself is not sufficient for performing the personalization tasks The critical step is the effective derivation of good quality and useful (ie, actionable) “aggregate usage profiles” from these patterns In this paper we present and experimentally evaluate two techniques, based on clustering of user transactions and clustering of pageviews, in order to discover overlapping aggregate profiles that can be effectively used by recommender systems for real-time Web personalization We evaluate these techniques both in terms of the quality of the individual profiles generated, as well as in the context of providing recommendations as an integrated part of a personalization engine In particular, our results indicate that using the generated aggregate profiles, we can achieve effective personalization at early stages of users' visits to a site, based only on anonymous clickstream data and without the benefit of explicit input by these users or deeper knowledge about them
443 citations
TL;DR: In this article, techniques that have been proposed to tackle several underlying challenges for building a good metasearch engine are surveyed.
Abstract: Frequently a user's information needs are stored in the databases of multiple search engines. It is inconvenient and inefficient for an ordinary user to invoke multiple search engines and identify useful documents from the returned results. To support unified access to multiple search engines, a metasearch engine can be constructed. When a metasearch engine receives a query from a user, it invokes the underlying search engines to retrieve useful information for the user. Metasearch engines have other benefits as a search tool such as increasing the search coverage of the Web and improving the scalability of the search. In this article, we survey techniques that have been proposed to tackle several underlying challenges for building a good metasearch engine. Among the main challenges, the database selection problem is to identify search engines that are likely to return useful documents to a given query. The document selection problem is to determine what documents to retrieve from each identified search engine. The result merging problem is to combine the documents returned from multiple search engines. We will also point out some problems that need to be further researched.
443 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed and tested an entrepreneurial process model that examined the interrelationships among a small firm owner's personality, strategic orientation, and innovation, and found that the prospector strategy orientation mediated the relationship between proactive personality and three types of innovations.
Abstract: Our study proposed and tested an entrepreneurial process model that examined the interrelationships among a small firm owner's personality, strategic orientation, and innovation. In the first part of the model, it was posited that a proactive personality would directly influence a prospector strategic orientation. This type of strategic orientation would then be a key factor in determining the type of innovations introduced and implemented within the business. Using a sample of 107 small business owners, results revealed that the prospector strategy orientation mediated the relationship between proactive personality and three types of innovations: innovative targeting processes, innovative organizational systems, and innovative boundary supports. Implications for small business managers as well as future research directions are discussed.
362 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the establishment of a field of study or a discipline with academic or professional standing requires, among other things, a body of knowledge that expands understanding of that domain.
Abstract: The establishment of a field of study or a discipline with academic or professional standing requires, among other things, a body of knowledge that expands understanding of that domain. This paper ...
343 citations
TL;DR: This paper summarizes the key concepts from a panel discussion at the DSI National Meeting in Orlando in November 2000, and human issues from the customer and service provider vantage are illustrated and challenges to researchers for exploring this perspective are presented.
273 citations
TL;DR: A typing system for a distributed ?
Abstract: We describe a typing system for a distributed ?-calculus which guarantees that distributed agents cannot access the resources of a system without first being granted the capability to do so. The language studied allows agents to move between distributed locations and to augment their set of capabilities via communication with other agents. The type system is based on the novel notion of a location type, which describes the set of resources available to an agent at a location. Resources are themselves equipped with capabilities, and thus an agent may be given permission to send data along a channel at a particular location without being granted permission to read data along the same channel. We also describe a tagged version of the language, where the capabilities of agents are made explicit in the syntax. Using this tagged language we define access violations as runtime errors and prove that well-typed systems are incapable of such errors.
271 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between organizational justice perceptions and reactions to psychological contract breach and found that the type of outcome being breached may influence the effects that procedural and interactional justice have in determining employee responses.
Abstract: Previous research examining the relationship between organizational justice perceptions and reactions to psychological contract breach has not considered how the type of outcome being breached may influence the effects that procedural and interactional justice have in determining employee responses. By delineating between intrinsic (e.g., autonomy) and extrinsic (e.g., pay) contract breaches, this study attempts to clarify the differential roles of procedural and interactional justice. As expected, results revealed that procedural justice has a significant effect on responses to breaches of extrinsic outcomes while interactional justice significantly affects employee responses to breaches of intrinsic outcomes. Specifically, significant two-way interactions between extrinsic contract breach and procedural justice showed that job satisfaction, in-role job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior were lower and intentions to leave were higher when procedural justice was perceived to be low following an extrinsic contract breach. Furthermore, significant two-way interactions between intrinsic contract breach and interactional justice revealed that job satisfaction, in-role job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior directed toward other individuals were lower and intentions to leave were higher when interactional justice was perceived to be low following an intrinsic contract breach. Implications of the differential roles of procedural and interactional justice are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
252 citations
TL;DR: The sample indicates that electronic surveys have fewer missing responses and can be coded/presented in a more flexible manner (namely, contingent coding with different respondents receiving different questions depending on the response to earlier questions) that offers researchers new capabilities.
250 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative influences of ethnic identity and global self-worth on aggression, coping, and adjustment among urban African American adolescents were examined, and it was found that ethnic identity was associated with a range of positive feelings about oneself and health-related outcomes.
Abstract: This study represents an attempt to examine the relative influences of ethnic identity and global self-worth on aggression, coping, and adjustment among urban African American adolescents. Findings suggest that ethnic identity was associated with a range of positive feelings about oneself and health-related outcomes. When taking into account global self-worth, youth with a greater sense of ethnic/racial identity reported more active coping strategies, fewer beliefs supporting aggression, and fewer aggressive behaviors. A strong positive sense of global self-worth was significantly related to lower levels of anxiety and depression, and greater beliefs supporting aggressive behavior, when taking into account ethnic identity. Examining these constructs in combination can yield insight into the processes involved in competence and adjustment among at-risk youth. This study suggests that ethnic identity is an important component of development, and that we should consider examining and strengthening ethnoracial and political consciousness among youth in preventive interventions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
200 citations
09 Dec 2002
TL;DR: An efficient framework for Web personalization based on sequential and non-sequential pattern discovery from usage data is described, which indicates that more restrictive patterns are more suitable for predictive tasks, such as Web prefetching, while less constrained patterns are less effective alternatives in the context of Webpersonalization and recommender systems.
Abstract: We describe an efficient framework for Web personalization based on sequential and non-sequential pattern discovery from usage data. Our experimental results performed on real usage data indicate that more restrictive patterns, such as contiguous sequential patterns (e.g., frequent navigational paths) are more suitable for predictive tasks, such as Web prefetching, (which involve predicting which item is accessed next by a user), while less constrained patterns, such as frequent item sets or general sequential patterns are more effective alternatives in the context of Web personalization and recommender systems.
199 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a multidimensional conceptual framework for assessing empowerment and disempowerment in GIS use by community-based organizations engaged in urban planning and neighborhood revitalization is presented.
Abstract: A growing body of research examining the social and political implications of geographic information systems (GIS) considers the extent to which the use of this technology may empower or disempower different actors and institutions. However, these studies have tended not to articulate a clear conceptualization of empowerment. Thus, in this paper, I develop a multidimensional conceptual framework for assessing empowerment (and disempowerment), and employ it in examining the impacts of GIS use by community-based organizations engaged in urban planning and neighborhood revitalization. Drawing on a case study conducted with a Minneapolis, Minnesota, neighborhood organization, I show how this multidimensional framework fosters a more complete analysis of empowerment, and therefore, development of a more detailed explanation of the impacts of this new technology.
TL;DR: The authors explored the potential for certain gay white men to benefit from postindustrial sectors that depend structurally and implicitly upon white supremacy and heteropatriarchy, and mapped out how gay white patriarchies coexist with, and in some cases displace, heteronormative patriarchies, shoring up pre-existing racialized and politically and economically conservative processes of profit accumulation.
Abstract: This paper explores the potential for certain gay white men to benefit from postindustrial sectors that depend structurally and implicitly upon white supremacy and heteropatriarchy. The paper maps out how gay white patriarchies coexist with, and in some cases displace, heteronormative patriarchies, shoring up pre–existing racialized and politically and economically conservative processes of profit–accumulation. Former cultural investments in a fatherhood defined by biological procreation are accordingly dislodged by investments in fatherhoods abstracted from procreation, which circulate in a variety of commodity forms. Motherhood is geographically and socially sidelined, procreation becoming a service and commodity form purchasable from impoverished places within or outside nations. The white oedipal Family romance is geopolitically reconstituted, with the proprietary reach of patriarchy irrupting out of the confines of the biologically homebound and racist triad of mother–father–son and into extrafamilial, and often transnationalized, domains of racialized and class–transected procreational purchase.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined minority viewers' use of racial cues on exposure to product advertising and found that the Black model's race motivated Blacks, particularly those with strong racial attitudes, to process the message in a biased manner.
19 May 2002
TL;DR: It is shown that the recognition problem for string graphs is in NP, and therefore NP-complete, since Kratochvíl showed that the Recognition problem is NP-hard.
Abstract: A string graph is the intersection graph of a set of curves in the plane. Each curve is represented by a vertex, and an edge between two vertices means that the corresponding curves intersect. We show that string graphs can be recognized in NP. The recognition problem was not known to be decidable until very recently, when two independent papers established exponential upper bounds on the number of intersections needed to realize a string graph [18, 20]. These results implied that the recognition problem lies in NEXP. In the present paper we improve this by showing that the recognition problem for string graphs is in NP, and therefore NP-complete, since Kratochvil [12] showed that the recognition problem is NP-hard. The result has consequences for the computational complexity of problems in graph drawing, and topological inference.
TL;DR: This paper found that foreign banks servicing foreign and business customers are more cost-efficient and less profit-efficient than other banks in Poland and evidence of cost economies and profit diseconomies of scale are found.
Abstract: Bank efficiency studies on emerging markets tend to show that foreign banks are more cost-, profit-, and operationally efficient than statE-owned or domestic private banks. They also show that large banks are more efficient than small banks. Using a parametric approach to measuring efficiency, this article finds that foreign banks servicing foreign and business customers are more cost-efficient and less profit-efficient than other banks in Poland. Additionally, evidence of cost economies and profit diseconomies of scale are found. These results have implications for regulatory policies focused on promoting efficiency in the banking systems of emerging markets.
26 Sep 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a "social-psychological" account of Perpetrator Behaviour in the Holocaust, which is based on the situation in Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners.
Abstract: Foreword Part I: Becoming a Perpetrator 1. The Psychology of Bystanders, Perpetrators, and Heroic Helpers 2. What is a 'Social-Psychological' Account of Perpetrator Behaviour? The Person Versus the Situation in Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners 3. Authoritarianism and the Holocaust: Some Cognitive and Affective Implications 4. Perpetrator Behaviour as Destructive Obedience: An Evaluation of Stanley Milgram's Perspective, the Most Influential Social-Psychological Approach to the Holocaust Part II: Beyond the Individual: Groups and Collectives 5. Sacrifice Lambs Dressed in Wolves' Clothing: Envious Prejudice, Ideology, and the Scapegoating of Jews 6. Group Processes and the Holocaust 7. Examining the Implications of Cultural Frames on Social Movements and Group Action 8. Population and Predators: Preconditions for the Holocaust from a Control-Theoretical Perspective 9. The Zoomorphism of Human Collective Violence Part III: Dealing with Evil 10. The Holocaust and the Four Roots of Evil 11. Instigators of Genocide: Examining Hitler from a Social Psychological Perspective 12. Perpetrators with a Clear Conscience: Lying Self-Deception and Belief Change 13. Explaining the Holocaust: Does Social Psychology Exonerate the Perpetrators? 14. Epilogue: Social Psychologists Confront the Holocaust
24 Jun 2002
TL;DR: This work presents the first type and effect system for proving authenticity properties of security protocols based on asymmetric cryptography, and uses challenge/response types to support a variety of idioms used to guarantee message freshness.
Abstract: We present the first type and effect system for proving authenticity properties of security protocols based on asymmetric cryptography. The most significant new features of our type system are: (1) a separation of public types (for data possibly sent to the opponent) from tainted types (for data possibly received from the opponent) via a subtype relation; (2) trust effects, to guarantee that tainted data does not, in fact, originate from the opponent; and (3) challenge/response types to support a variety of idioms used to guarantee message freshness. We illustrate the applicability of our system via protocol examples.
11 Jul 2002
TL;DR: This work describes the design and implementation of a question answering (QA) system called QARAB, a system that takes natural language questions expressed in the Arabic language and attempts to provide short answers using traditional Information Retrieval techniques coupled with a sophisticated Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach.
Abstract: We describe the design and implementation of a question answering (QA) system called QARAB. It is a system that takes natural language questions expressed in the Arabic language and attempts to provide short answers. The system's primary source of knowledge is a collection of Arabic newspaper text extracted from Al-Raya, a newspaper published in Qatar. During the last few years the information retrieval community has attacked this problem for English using standard IR techniques with only mediocre success. We are tackling this problem for Arabic using traditional Information Retrieval (IR) techniques coupled with a sophisticated Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach. To identify the answer, we adopt a keyword matching strategy along with matching simple structures extracted from both the question and the candidate documents selected by the IR system. To achieve this goal, we use an existing tagger to identify proper names and other crucial lexical items and build lexical entries for them on the fly. We also carry out an analysis of Arabic question forms and attempt a better understanding of what kinds of answers users find satisfactory. The paucity of studies of real users has limited results in earlier research.
TL;DR: A general strategy for creating nanocavities with tunable sizes based on the folding of unnatural oligomers is presented, showing the ability to tune molecular dimensions without altering the underlying topology is seen in few natural and unnatural foldamer systems.
Abstract: A general strategy for creating nanocavities with tunable sizes based on the folding of unnatural oligomers is presented. The backbones of these oligomers are rigidified by localized, three-center intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which lead to well-defined hollow helical conformations. Changing the curvature of the oligomer backbone leads to the adjustment of the interior cavity size. Helices with interior cavities of 10 A to >30 A across, the largest thus far formed by the folding of unnatural foldamers, are generated. Cavities of these sizes are usually seen at the tertiary and quaternary structural levels of proteins. The ability to tune molecular dimensions without altering the underlying topology is seen in few natural and unnatural foldamer systems.
TL;DR: This study constitutes the first demonstration of supraspecific tooth‐to‐tooth dental homologies in nonmammalian vertebrates.
Abstract: The dentitions of lamniform sharks are said to exhibit a unique heterodonty called the "lamnoid tooth pattern." The presence of an inflated hollow "dental bulla" on each jaw cartilage allows the recognition of homologous teeth across most modern macrophagous lamniforms based on topographic correspondence through the "similarity test." In most macrophagous lamniforms, three tooth rows are supported by the upper dental bulla: two rows of large anterior teeth followed by a row of small intermediate teeth. The lower tooth row occluding between the two rows of upper anterior teeth is the first lower anterior tooth row. Like the first and second lower anterior tooth rows, the third lower tooth row is supported by the dental bulla and may be called the first lower intermediate tooth row. The lower intermediate tooth row occludes between the first and second upper lateral tooth rows situated distal to the upper dental bulla, and the rest of the upper and lower tooth rows, all called lateral tooth rows, occlude alternately. Tooth symmetry cannot be used to identify their dental homology. The presence of dental bullae can be regarded as a synapomorphy of Lamniformes and this character is more definable than the "lamnoid tooth pattern." The formation of the tooth pattern appears to be related to the evolution of dental bullae. This study constitutes the first demonstration of supraspecific tooth-to-tooth dental homologies in nonmammalian vertebrates.
TL;DR: The Young Warriors program as discussed by the authors ) is an intervention for young African American men residing in low-income urban neighborhoods to develop critical thinking, media literacy, political socialization, and psychosocial development.
Abstract: Critical thinking has long been a goal of schooling, but for young African American men critical thinking skills can also aid their sociopolitical development and the analysis of the everyday economic, social, and cultural challenges they face. Thus, critical thinking has the potential to be critical consciousness—a powerful strategy for understanding social forces and the dynamics of oppression. This article describes the Young Warriors program, which cultivates critical consciousness in young African American men through the use of the movies and rap videos about contemporary urban culture. The program shows how the thoughtful use of hip-hop can help young men to critically analyze their world and the messages in popular culture on gender, culture, race, and social class. This article describes the Young Warriors intervention and its effort to cultivate critical consciousness and sociopolitical development in young African American men residing in low-income urban neighborhoods. It is multidisciplinary, drawing on several related topics: critical thinking, media literacy, political socialization, and psychosocial development. Over the years, we have conducted the Young Warriors program weekly and semiweekly in several midwestern schools and youth development settings. These schools have acute problems with violence, maintenance of an effective learning environment, disruptive gang activity, and low academic performance. All participants were young African American males, ranging in age from 11 to 21 years. Sometimes students were part of specially selected “manhood” groups that required participants to maintain a “B” average, whereas other students were from groups labeled as management problems by staff and were referred in an effort to make them more tractable. The curriculum varied depending on these factors, age, and type of organization.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated oscillation and variation inequalities for singular integral operators in dimensions d > 1 and gave quantitative information on the speed of convergence of truncations of a singular integral operator, including upcrossing and A jump inequalities.
Abstract: In this paper we continue our investigations of square function inequalities in harmonic analysis. Here we investigate oscillation and variation inequalities for singular integral operators in dimensions d > 1. Our estimates give quantitative information on the speed of convergence of truncations of a singular integral operator, including upcrossing and A jump inequalities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between impostor tendencies and different behavioral and affective variables and found that self-handicapping and shame-proneness were the best predictors of imposter tendencies (R 2 = 0.43).
Abstract: Impostors are individuals who believe their successes are not due to their own ability, but because of either luck or the notion that they must work harder than others. The relationship between impostor tendencies and different behavioral and affective variables was examined. With the present study's sample ( N = 436), controlling for social desirability, impostor tendencies were significantly correlated with behavioral self-handicapping ( r = .52, p < .001), and with shame-proneness ( r = .54, p < .001) more than guilt-proneness ( r = .28, p < .001). Regression analyses indicated that self-handicapping and shame-proneness were the best predictors of impostor tendencies ( R 2 = 0.43). Based on these results it seems that strong impostor tendencies are related to, and best predicted by, self-handicapping behaviors and shame prone affect.
TL;DR: In this paper, an association between change in institutional ownership during a calendar quarter and abnormal returns at the time of the subsequent announcement of quarterly earnings was found, driven by the portfolio returns of the extreme deciles of changes in the institutional ownership, and within the top (bottom) deciles, the third of the stocks with the most positive (negative) skewness of the distribution of institutional ownership.
Abstract: This study documents an association between change in institutional ownership during a calendar quarter and abnormal returns at the time of the subsequent announcement of quarterly earnings. The result is driven by the portfolio returns of the extreme deciles of changes in institutional ownership, and within the top (bottom) deciles, the third of the stocks with the most positive (negative) skewness of the distribution of changes in institutional ownership. We also show that our results obtain only for institutional investor types with short-term focus. These results suggest informed trading by institutions based on information about forthcoming earnings.
TL;DR: It is hoped the findings of this study provide not only an overview of current internet research trends but also new insights for future research directions regarding this new medium.
Abstract: This study presents a theoretical and methodological review of communication research about the internet. Through a thematic meta-analysis of recent research publications about the internet, we identified topical, methodological and theoretical trends of current internet studies. The patterns of the internet research agenda are discussed in relation to a development model of communication research. We hope the findings of this study provide not only an overview of current internet research trends but also new insights for future research directions regarding this new medium.
TL;DR: In this article, the case of a collaborative revitalization program in Minneapolis, Minnesota suggests that such revitalization efforts may simultaneously foster both tendencies, and that grassroots organizations may become engaged in reproducing neoliberal priorities and policies at a highly localized level.
Abstract: With the increasing involvement of local citizens and community organizations in carrying out urban planning and service delivery functions formerly handled by state institutions, questions have emerged about their implications for the urban political role and influence of community level actors. Some scholars identify these purportedly collaborative neighborhood revitalization initiatives as part of a neoliberal policy program of downsizing the state, while others argue that the new roles assumed by civic institutions offer new opportunities for citizen involvement in urban policy making and priority setting for revitalization. Drawing evidence from the case of a collaborative revitalization program in Minneapolis, Minnesota, this paper suggests that collaborative revitalization efforts may simultaneously foster both tendencies. By way of the new roles they are assuming in urban governance, grassroots organizations may become engaged in reproducing neoliberal priorities and policies at a highly localized level. At the same time, this involvement does not necessarily eliminate possibilities for community organizations to challenge and revise a neoliberal revitalization agenda.
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship of extracurricular involvement to four interpersonal skills and found significant relationships and recruitment implications, and discussed the recruitment implications of these relationships and found that participation in extracURricular activity truly linked to interpersonal skill performance.
Abstract: There is widespread agreement that success in organizations requires more than high intellect. Thus, college recruiters commonly examine job candidates' extracurricular activities in search of “well-rounded,” emotionally intelligent, and interpersonally skilled students. Intuitively, extracurricular activities seem like valuable student experiences; however, research evidence is sparse, suggesting far more questions than answers. Is participation in extracurricular activity truly linked to interpersonal skill performance? Does leadership experience make a difference? Do extracurricular experiences yield higher skill development? Six hundred eighteen business students and the relationship of their extracurricular involvement to four interpersonal skills were examined. Significant relationships were found and recruitment implications are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TL;DR: Technology alone does not enable organizational change and needs to be joined by people to enable change in the workplace.
Abstract: Technology alone does not enable organizational change.
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: This paper represents work-in-progress towards creating a general framework for using domain ontologies to automatically characterize usage profiles containing a set of structured Web objects, and uses the full semantic power of the underlying ontology in the context of Web personalization.
Abstract: Usage patterns discovered through Web usage mining are effective in capturing item-to-item and user-to-user relationships and similarities at the level of user sessions. Without the benefit of deeper domain knowledge, such patterns provide little insight into the underlying reasons for which such items or users are grouped together. This can lead to a number of important shortcomings in personalization systems based on Web usage mining or collaborative filtering. For example, if a new item is recently added to the Web site, it is not likely that the pages associated with the item would be a part of any of the discovered patterns, and thus these pages cannot be recommended. Keyword-based content-filtering approaches have been used to enhance the effectiveness of collaborative filtering systems by focusing on content similarity among items or pages. These approaches, however, are incapable of capturing more complex relationships at a deeper semantic level based on different types of attributes associated with structured objects. This paper represents work-in-progress towards creating a general framework for using domain ontologies to automatically characterize usage profiles containing a set of structured Web objects. Our motivation is to use this framework in the context of Web personalization, going beyond pageor item-level constructs, and using the full semantic power of the underlying ontology.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an examination of major research questions and highlights the most recent scholarship on women's entrepreneurship within several key domains, including the emergence of women-owned firms in the global economy, entrepreneurial and firm characteristics, financing patterns, the greatest challenges to enterprise growth, and the influence of culture and family on the entrepreneurial organization.
Abstract: The study of women's entrepreneurship has grown steadily during the last two decades, as the number of women-owned businesses worldwide has increased dramatically. This article presents an examination of major research questions and highlights the most recent scholarship on women's entrepreneurship within several key domains. The findings integrate broad areas of inquiry, including the emergence of women-owned firms in the global economy, entrepreneurial and firm characteristics, financing patterns, the greatest challenges to enterprise growth, and the influence of culture and family on the entrepreneurial organization. Recommendations are provided to contribute to an increased understanding of the dynamics of women-headed entrepreneurial enterprises around the world.