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Showing papers by "DePaul University published in 2005"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the Apple Newton brand community and reveal important properties of brand communities and, at a deeper level, speak to the communal nature of religion and the enduring human need for religious affiliation.
Abstract: This research explores the grassroots brand community centered on the Apple Newton, a product that was abandoned by the marketer. Supernatural, religious, and magical motifs are common in the narratives of the Newton community, including the miraculous performance and survival of the brand, as well as the return of the brand creator. These motifs invest the brand with powerful meanings and perpetuate the brand and the community, its values, and its beliefs. These motifs also reflect and facilitate the many transformative and emancipatory aspects of consuming this brand. Our findings reveal important properties of brand communities and, at a deeper level, speak to the communal nature of religion and the enduring human need for religious affiliation.

953 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Research on Internet addiction has shown that users can become addicted to it, and has been shown to lead to consequences such as failing school, family, and relationship problems.
Abstract: As computer and Internet use become a staple of everyday life, the potential for overuse is introduced, which may lead to addiction. Research on Internet addiction has shown that users can become addicted to it. Addiction to the Internet shares some of the negative aspects of substance addiction and has been shown to lead to consequences such as failing school, family, and relationship problems.

644 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 145 managers of a large biotechnology/agricultural company examined how leaders' emotion recognition ability and personality characteristics influenced performance of transformational transformation.
Abstract: This study of 145 managers of a large biotechnology/agricultural company examined how leaders' emotion recognition ability and personality characteristics influenced performance of transformational...

570 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that technology-based entrepreneurs tend to have a higher degree of relational capital than their non-technology counterparts and that there are no significant differences in various dimensions of social capital between nascent entrepreneurs and the general public.
Abstract: This study was built upon Nahapiet and Ghoshal's three dimensions of social capital--structural, relational, and cognitive. It addresses three research questions: (1) Are there significant differences in social capital between nascent entrepreneurs and the general public (control group)? (2) Are there significant differences in social capital between technology and nontechnology nascent entrepreneurs? (3) How do the three dimensions of social capital interact among themselves across different sample groups? These questions were examined by using the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics data set. Results suggest that there are no significant differences in various dimensions of social capital between nascent entrepreneurs and the general public. What differentiates the two groups is not the amount of social capital but the patterns of association among its different dimensions. Additionally, the authors found that technology-based nascent entrepreneurs tend to have a higher degree of relational capital than their nontechnology counterparts. Implications and future research directions are discussed. Introduction Researchers studying social capital are centrally concerned with the significance of relationships as a resource for social action (Burt 1992; Baker 1990; Coleman 1988, 1990; Bourdieu 1985). The term social capital has traditionally been conceptualized as a set of social resources embedded in relationships (for example, Burt 1992; Loury 1977). It takes a sociological view of human action and perceives individuals as actors who are shaped by societal factors. Early usage highlighted the central importance of the development of individuals in community social organizations (Loury 1977; Jacobs 1965). A broader conceptualization presents social capital as including not only social relationships but also the norms and values associated with them (for example, Tsai and Ghoshal 1998; Putnam 1995; Coleman 1990). Social capital is therefore described by researchers as an asset embedded in the relationships of individuals, communities, networks, or societies (Nahapiet and Ghoshal 1998; Burt 1997; Walker, Kogut, and Shan 1997). The concept has been applied to a wide range of social phenomena, with focused attention on the role of social capital as an influence on compensation of chief executive officers (CEOs) (Belliveau, O'Reilly, and Wade 1996), individual occupational attainment (Lin and Dumin 1986), economic performance of firms (Baker 1990), the development of human capital (Coleman 1988), industry creation (Aldrich and Fiol 1994), and firm growth (Ostgaard and Birley 1994). More recently, the theory of social capital has been expanded to the field of entrepreneurship research. At the company level, the entrepreneurship literature has highlighted the significance of social capital in understanding how firms create and manage a network and what the outcomes are (e.g., Florin, Lubatkin, and Schulze 2003; Larson and Starr 1993; Aldrich and Zimmer 1986). At the individual level, studies have demonstrated that an entrepreneur's personal network allows access to resources that are not possessed internally (Ostgaard and Birley 1994). The general consensus is that a high level of social capital, built on a favorable reputation, relevant previous experience, and direct personal contact, often assists entrepreneurs in gaining access to venture capitalists, key competitive information sources, potential customers, and others (for example, Florin, Lubatkin, and Schulze 2003). The availability of resources made possible by entrepreneurial networks greatly enhances the survival and growth potential of new firms (Bruderl and Preisendorfer 1998). Although the theory of social capital has made significant inroads into entrepreneurship research, there are a number of limitations in how the concept is explored. First, social capital has been mainly defined and operationalized as a unidimensional rather than multidimensional construct, with much emphasis placed on the network or structural component. …

471 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a longitudinal data collected in two waves, nine months apart, from 372 employees, was used to assess individual-level change within an organizational setting, where strategies used by change implementers were operationalized as six transformational leader behaviors, and then hypothesized to influence employees' cynicism about organizational change.
Abstract: Using longitudinal data collected in two waves, nine months apart, from 372 employees, this research is an empirical assessment of individual-level change within an organizational setting. Specifically, strategies used by change implementers were operationalized as six transformational leader behaviors, and then hypothesized to influence employees' cynicism about organizational change (CAOC). A combination of social learning theory, and communication research served as the theoretical rationale to explain transformational leadership's hypothesized effects. As posited, transformational leader behaviors (TLB) generally were associated with lower employee CAOC. Further, the direction of causality was consistent in suggesting that the TLB reduced employee CAOC. A discussion concerning the ethical use of TLBs and recommendations for future research are provided. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

450 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative conflict theory of racial and ethnic similarities and differences in youth perceptions of criminal injustice is proposed to test six conflict hypotheses with HLM models to compare the two groups.
Abstract: This paper advances a comparative conflict theory of racial and ethnic similarities and differences in youth perceptions of criminal injustice. We use HLM models to test six conflict hypotheses wit...

399 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the roles of sense of belonging and gender in the academic outcomes of urban, Latino adolescents were examined, and it was found that females consistently had more positive academic outcomes than males.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the roles of sense of belonging and gender in the academic outcomes of urban, Latino adolescents. It was expected that sense of belonging would play a different role in males' and females' academic adjustment. Participants (N = 143) included mostly Mexican and Puerto Rican seniors from a large, urban high school. The academic outcomes assessed were grade point average, absenteeism, motivation, effort, and educational aspirations and expectations. As hypothesized, females consistently had more positive academic outcomes than males. Sense of school belonging significantly predicted academic outcomes, including academic motivation, effort, and absenteeism. Regression analyses did not show that gender explained differences in the relationship between sense of belonging and academic outcomes. Implications and future directions for research on urban Latino males and females are discussed.

329 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the impact of service innovation on customers' choices within the hotel and leisure industry and discussed the influence of the creation of new services on both service development and operational strategy.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact service innovation has on customers' choices within the hotel and leisure industry. The paper also discusses the influence of the creation of new services on both service development and operational strategy.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a national survey of approximately 1,000 travelers in the United States, using a web‐based data acquisition approach. The travelers are segmented by reason of travel (business or leisure), and discrete choice analysis is applied to model customer preferences for various hotel service innovations.Findings – Overall, the study finds that service innovation does matter when guests are selecting a hotel, with type of lodging having the largest impact on a customer's hotel choice. In addition, service innovation is found to have a larger influence on choices when guests are staying at economy hotels rather than mid‐range to up‐scale hotels. Also, leisure travelers were found to be more inf...

314 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All anomalies that could exist in a single- or multifirewall environment are identified and a set of techniques and algorithms to automatically discover policy anomalies in centralized and distributed firewalls are presented.
Abstract: Firewalls are core elements in network security. However, managing firewall rules, particularly, in multifirewall enterprise networks, has become a complex and error-prone task. Firewall filtering rules have to be written, ordered, and distributed carefully in order to avoid firewall policy anomalies that might cause network vulnerability. Therefore, inserting or modifying filtering rules in any firewall requires thorough intrafirewall and interfirewall analysis to determine the proper rule placement and ordering in the firewalls. In this paper, we identify all anomalies that could exist in a single- or multifirewall environment. We also present a set of techniques and algorithms to automatically discover policy anomalies in centralized and distributed firewalls. These techniques are implemented in a software tool called the "Firewall Policy Advisor" that simplifies the management of filtering rules and maintains the security of next-generation firewalls.

308 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined the impact of geographical proximity on the acquisition decisions of US public firms over the period 1990-2003 and found that acquirer returns in local transactions are more than twice that in non-local transactions.
Abstract: We examine the impact of geographical proximity on the acquisition decisions of US public firms over the period 1990-2003. Transactions where the acquirer and target firms are located within 100km of each other are classified as local transactions. We find that acquirer returns in local transactions are more than twice that in non-local transactions. The higher returns to local acquirers are, at least partially, due to information advantages arising from geographical proximity. These information advantages facilitate acquisition of targets that on average create higher overall return. However, bidders use their information advantages to earn a higher share of the surplus created.

271 citations


Posted Content
TL;DR: A "hyperdimensional" taxonomy of managerial competencies, derived from the earlier models and developed using unique methods, was subjected to content validation by expert review in 3 studies as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In light of repeated prescriptions for theory-driven prediction of job performance (Guion & Gottier, 1965; Tett, Jackson, Rothstein & Reddon, 1999), the complexity of the manager's role calls for a comprehensive performance taxonomy more detailed than those offered previously. Review of recent discussion of the fidelity - bandwidth tradeoff (e.g., Hogan & Roberts, 1996; Ones & Viswesvaran, 1996) and the need for greater articulation of job performance (Campbell, 1994; Murphy & Shiarella, 1997) raise important issues regarding construct specificity in considering managerial behavior. None of 12 earlier managerial performance taxonomies (e.g., Borman & Brush, 1993; Tornow & Pinto, 1976; Yukl & Lepsinger, 1992) offers adequate specificity for meeting key research challenges. A "hyperdimensional" taxonomy of managerial competencies, derived from the earlier models and developed using unique methods, was subjected to content validation by expert review in 3 studies. In the first 2, a total of 110 Academy of Management members sorted 141 behavioral elements into 47 competencies with average hit rates of 68% and 85%, respectively. Results directed model refinements, including addition of 6 competencies. In Study 3, 118 subject matter experts sorted behaviors into targeted competencies in a more rigorous task with an average hit rate of 88.5%. Findings support the model's content validity, its continued development, and most importantly, the pursuit of specificity in understanding and predicting managerial behavior.

Journal ArticleDOI
Yujong Hwang1
TL;DR: Uncertainty avoidance cultural control and intrinsic motivation as self-control are the important antecedents of ERP systems adoption and the result helps the systems manager understand that informal controls should be applied to the ERP system implementation to enhance tacit and social aspects of IS management.
Abstract: Enterprise systems are gaining interest from both practitioners and researchers because of their potential linkages to organizational and individual user's productivity. Information systems (IS) researchers have been investigating the implementation and adoption issues of enterprise systems based on the organizational IS management perspectives. However, there are few papers that investigate enterprise systems management and implementation issues based on the informal control mechanisms, although the enterprise systems are control tools in the organization. Specifically, this paper applies Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) adoption and implementation to the informal controls, such as cultural control and self-control, which can be viewed as a tacit perspective in knowledge management. Uncertainty avoidance and perceived enjoyment are used as informal controls in the ERP implementation in this paper, and are linked to the technology acceptance variables to investigate the relationships among them. Sociotechnical design, organizational control mechanism, knowledge management, and individual motivation are reviewed to support this potential linkage in the model. Field data via the online survey of ERP systems user group (n= 101) are analyzed with partial least squares and supported our hypotheses. Uncertainty avoidance cultural control and intrinsic motivation as self-control are the important antecedents of ERP systems adoption. Furthermore, the result helps the systems manager understand that informal controls should be applied to the ERP systems implementation to enhance tacit and social aspects of IS management.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The conceptualization of symbolic racism was originally somewhat fuzzy and has evolved over time; but the measurement of it has been surprisingly constant over time, and it seems to form a substantively meaningful and statistically consistent belief system, with two highly correlated variants that differ slightly in the language they use but not in their effects as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the available evidence on twelve controversies surrounding symbolic racism, which was proposed over 30 years ago to explain new forms of racial conservatism appearing after the civil rights era. The conceptualization of symbolic racism was originally somewhat fuzzy and has evolved over time; but the measurement of it has been surprisingly constant over time; and it seems to form a substantively meaningful and statistically consistent belief system, with two highly correlated variants that differ slightly in the language they use but not in their effects. Its effects on racial politics are quite stable and consistent. It is a distinctive construct necessary for the understanding of Whites' responses to racial politics, not merely redundant with other constructs and hence disposable in the service of parsimony. It focuses on antagonism toward Blacks, which has little to do with either symbolic racism or opposition to policies targeted for Blacks.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in web personalization can be found in this article, where the authors discuss the various sources of data available to personalization systems, the modelling approaches employed and the current approaches to evaluating these systems.
Abstract: In this chapter we provide a comprehensive overview of the topic of Intelligent Techniques for Web Personalization. Web Personalization is viewed as an application of data mining and machine learning techniques to build models of user behaviour that can be applied to the task of predicting user needs and adapting future interactions with the ultimate goal of improved user satisfaction. This chapter survey's the state-of-the-art in Web personalization. We start by providing a description of the personalization process and a classification of the current approaches to Web personalization. We discuss the various sources of data available to personalization systems, the modelling approaches employed and the current approaches to evaluating these systems. A number of challenges faced by researchers developing these systems are described as are solutions to these challenges proposed in literature. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the open challenges that must be addressed by the research community if this technology is to make a positive impact on user satisfaction with the Web.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of a program designed to improve adolescents' relationships with at least one teacher in an urban high school. And they found that the intervention group had higher grade point averages than did students in the control group following the 5-month intervention but no differences were observed on other variables.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the global prevalence of chronic procrastination, the purposive delay in starting or completing tasks, which is a complex phenomenon involving more than time management.
Abstract: No systematic study has examined the global prevalence of chronic procrastination--the purposive delay in starting or completing tasks. In the present study, adult samples from the United States (122 women, 85 men), United Kingdom (143 women, 96 men), and Australia (124 women, 90 men) completed reliable and valid self-report measures of arousal procrastination (delays motivated by a "last-minute" thrill experience) and avoidant procrastination (delays related to fears of failure or success). Both men and women from the United Kingdom reported higher rates of arousal and avoidance procrastination compared to adults from the United States and Australia. However, when both procrastination types were separated statistically into "pure types" there were no significant differences across countries: 11.5% of adults self-identified as arousal procrastinators, and 9.9% of adults as avoidant procrastinators. Results indicated that chronic procrastination prevalence is common among westernized, individualistic, English-speaking countries; further epidemiological cross-cultural studies are needed. It has been estimated that procrastination (i.e., frequent delays in starting and/or completing tasks to deadline: Ferrari, Johnson, & McCown, 1995) is common by around 70% of college students for academic-specific tasks (Ellis & Knaus, 1977), yet as high as 20% among normal adult men and women for everyday, daily life events such as paying bills and planning for personal health issues (Harriott & Ferrari, 1996). While it seems that procrastination rates decrease with age, Ferrari et al. (1995) proposed that these rates reflect different forms of procrastination, with the former an example of situational-specific task delays and the latter indicative of chronic, dispositional delay behavior patterns. That is, college students may engage in delay of studying but not in other aspects of their life (e.g., at part-time jobs or engaging in social events). In contrast, there are persons who frequently, almost chronically engage in task delays as a maladaptive lifestyle (Ferrari et al. 1995; Ferrari & Pychyl, 2000). It is the chronic, frequent delays that are the interest of the present exploratory study. Two types of chronic procrastination with adverse social implications have been found equally common among U.S. men and women (Ferrari & Pychyl, 2000: Schowuenburg, Lay, Pychyl, & Ferrari, 2004), and more likely reported by "white collar" as compared to "blue collar" workers (Hammer & Ferrari, 2002). One form of chronic delays is arousal procrastination, delays that make a person experience a "high" when rushing to complete tasks. Individuals with this tendency indicate they purposively wait until the last minute in order to engage in hyper-activity as the deadline to the task approaches. Another form of chronic delays is avoidant procrastination, the delay of tasks such that completion would reflect one's abilities. By not completing a task by a specific deadline, the person may claim that poor performance was influenced by lack of effort or greater rates of time pressure instead of lack of personal ability (Ferrari et al., 1995). People who claim chronic procrastination tendencies are more likely to engage in self-handicapping behaviors (Ferrari, 1991b; Ferrari & Tice, 2000), positive impression management, and avoidance of self-relevant evaluations (Ferrari, 1991d). Empirical studies also report that chronic procrastination is related to a host of other traits, including low states of self-confidence and self-esteem and high states of depression, neurosis, public self-consciousness, social anxiety, forgetfulness, disorganization, non-competitiveness, dysfunctional impulsiveness, behavioral rigidity, and lack of energy (Beswick, Rothblum, & Mann, 1988; Ferrari 1991a, b, 1992, 1993, 1994; Lay, 1986). In short, chronic procrastination is a complex phenomenon involving more than time management difficulty. …

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the struggle waged by the poor in Cape Town, South Africa to assert their constitutional rights to shelter and basic services and protect their life spaces against neoliberalism.
Abstract: This article concerns the struggle waged by the poor in Cape Town, South Africa, to assert their constitutional rights to shelter and basic services and protect their life spaces against neoliberal...

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 May 2005
TL;DR: A probabilistic network model is used to dynamically retrieve links between classes affected by a functional change and elements within the SIG to enable developers to identify potentially impacted goals and develop appropriate risk mitigating strategies.
Abstract: This paper describes a goal centric approach for effectively maintaining critical system qualities such as security, performance, and usability throughout the lifetime of a software system. In goal centric traceability (GCT) non-functional requirements and their interdependencies are modeled as softgoals in a softgoal interdependency graph (SIG). A probabilistic network model is then used to dynamically retrieve links between classes affected by a functional change and elements within the SIG. These links enable developers to identify potentially impacted goals; to analyze the level of impact on those goals; to make informed decisions concerning the implementation of the proposed change; and finally to develop appropriate risk mitigating strategies. This paper also reports experimental results for the link retrieval and illustrates the GCT process through an example of a change applied to a road management system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found that narrative rationality (the patient's story) was consistently subjugated to technical rationality (actionable lists) in emergency medicine communication, and a heightened awareness of the bias for technical over narrative rationality and a better recognition of uncertainty in emergency management communication are important first steps toward anticipating potential failures and ensuring patient safety.
Abstract: Emergency medicine is largely a communicative activity, and medical mishaps that occur in this context are too often the result of vulnerable communication processes. In this year-long qualitative study of two academic emergency departments, an interdisciplinary research team identified four such processes: triage, testing and evaluation, handoffs, and admitting. In each case, we found that narrative rationality (the patient's story) was consistently subjugated to technical rationality (actionable lists). Process changes are proposed to encourage caregivers to either reconsider their course of action or request additional contextual information. A heightened awareness of the bias for technical over narrative rationality and a better recognition of uncertainty in emergency medicine communication are important first steps toward anticipating potential failures and ensuring patient safety.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
29 Aug 2005
TL;DR: Experimental results indicate that enhancement strategies can be used effectively to improve trace retrieval results thereby increasing the practicality of utilizing dynamic trace retrieval methods.
Abstract: Requirements traceability provides critical support throughout all phases of a software development project. However practice has repeatedly shown the difficulties involved in long term maintenance of traditional traceability matrices. Dynamic retrieval methods minimize the need for creating and maintaining explicit links and can significantly reduce the effort required to perform a manual trace. Unfortunately they suffer from recall and precision problems. This paper introduces three strategies for incorporating supporting information into a probabilistic retrieval algorithm in order to improve the performance of dynamic requirements traceability. The strategies include hierarchical modeling, logical clustering of artifacts, and semi-automated pruning of the probabilistic network. Experimental results indicate that enhancement strategies can be used effectively to improve trace retrieval results thereby increasing the practicality of utilizing dynamic trace retrieval methods.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived tight lower bounds on the computational complexity of a number of well-known NP-hard problems, such as weighted sat, hitting set, set cover, and feature set.
Abstract: Based on the framework of parameterized complexity theory, we derive tight lower bounds on the computational complexity for a number of well-known NP-hard problems. We start by proving a general result, namely that the parameterized weighted satisfiability problem on depth-t circuits cannot be solved in time n^o^(^k^)m^O^(^1^), where n is the circuit input length, m is the circuit size, and k is the parameter, unless the (t-1)-st level W[t-1] of the W-hierarchy collapses to FPT. By refining this technique, we prove that a group of parameterized NP-hard problems, including weighted sat, hitting set, set cover, and feature set, cannot be solved in time n^o^(^k^)m^O^(^1^), where n is the size of the universal set from which the k elements are to be selected and m is the instance size, unless the first level W[1] of the W-hierarchy collapses to FPT. We also prove that another group of parameterized problems which includes weightedq-sat (for any fixed q>=2), clique, independent set, and dominating set, cannot be solved in time n^o^(^k^) unless all search problems in the syntactic class SNP, introduced by Papadimitriou and Yannakakis, are solvable in subexponential time. Note that all these parameterized problems have trivial algorithms of running time either n^km^O^(^1^) or O(n^k).

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2005-Planta
TL;DR: Based on the transport characteristics it appears as if the vacuolar uptake of SAG in tobacco cells occurs through an H+-antiport-type mechanism.
Abstract: The metabolism of salicylic acid (SA) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. KY 14) cell suspension cultures was examined by adding [7−14C]SA to the cell cultures for 24 h and identifying the metabolites through high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The three major metabolites of SA were SA 2-O-β-D-glucose (SAG), methylsalicylate 2-O-β-D-glucose (MeSAG) and methylsalicylate. Studies on the intracellular localization of the metabolites revealed that all of the SAG associated with tobacco protoplasts was localized in the vacuole. However, the majority of the MeSAG was located outside the vacuole. The tobacco cells contained an SA inducible SA glucosyltransferase (SAGT) enzyme that formed SAG. The SAGT enzyme was not associated with the vacuole and appeared to be a cytoplasmic enzyme. The vacuolar transport of SAG was characterized by measuring the uptake of [14C]SAG into tonoplast vesicles isolated from tobacco cell cultures. SAG uptake was stimulated eightfold by the addition of MgATP. The ATP-dependent uptake of SAG was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 (a specific inhibitor of the vacuolar H+-ATPase) and dissipation of the transtonoplast H+-electrochemical gradient. Vanadate was not an inhibitor of SAG uptake. Several β-glucose conjugates were strong inhibitors of SAG uptake, whereas glutathione and glucuronide conjugates were only marginally inhibitory. The SAG uptake exhibited Michaelis–Menten type saturation kinetics with a Km and Vmax value of 11 μM and 205 pmol min−1 mg−1, respectively, for SAG. Based on the transport characteristics it appears as if the vacuolar uptake of SAG in tobacco cells occurs through an H+-antiport-type mechanism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An interactive and contextual model for developing and sustaining community-university partnerships is proposed that includes the potential challenges that might threaten the partnership, such as resource inequality and time commitment.
Abstract: Community-university partnerships for research and action are at the heart of many fields in the social sciences including public health, urban planning, education, and community psychology. These partnerships involve individuals from different backgrounds and disciplines working together to address social issues of importance to the community. This article proposes an interactive and contextual model for developing and sustaining community-university partnerships. The phases in the model include gaining entry into the community, developing and sustaining a mutual collaboration (developing trust and mutual respect, establishing adequate communication, respecting human diversity, establishing a culture of learning, respecting the culture of the setting and the community, and developing an action agenda), and recognizing the benefits and outcomes of partnership work. The model also includes the potential challenges that might threaten the partnership, such as resource inequality and time commitment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is delineated that an increase in proliferation occurs in the dorsal-most aspect of the ipsilateral SVZ following impact and that proliferating cells migrate from the SVZ to cortical and subcortical structures affected by the injury and that some of these cells are migrating neuroblasts.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors introduce a conceptual history of knowledge expansion in the entrepreneurship field based on a logical mechanism of conjecture and refutation, and explain the emergence, rise, re-emergence, and decline of key problem situations and theories through prehistoric, economic, and multidisciplinary movements in entrepreneurial thought.
Abstract: We introduce a conceptual history of knowledge expansion in the entrepreneurship field based on a logical mechanism of conjecture and refutation. Our undertaking interprets and explains the emergence, rise, re-emergence, and decline of key problem situations and theories through prehistoric, economic, and multidisciplinary movements in entrepreneurial thought.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although evidence of a population-level left-handed bias for prosimians and Old World monkeys supports P. F. MacNeilage et al.'s proposal that something other than primate handedness may have been the evolutionary precursor of the right bias in hand-use distribution among hominids, the data from apes, New World monkeys, and individual species of prosimian and New World monkey do not.
Abstract: P. F. MacNeilage, M. G. Studdert-Kennedy, and B. Lindblom (1987) proposed a progression for handedness in primates that was supposed to account for the evolution of a right bias in human handedness. To test this proposal, the authors performed meta-analyses on 62 studies that provided individual data (representing 31 species: 9 prosimians, 6 New World monkeys, 10 Old World monkeys, 2 lesser apes, and 4 greater apes), of the 118 studies of primate handedness published since 1987. Although evidence of a population-level left-handed bias for prosimians and Old World monkeys supports P. F. MacNeilage et al., the data from apes, New World monkeys, and individual species of prosimians and New World monkeys do not. Something other than primate handedness may have been the evolutionary precursor of the right bias in hand-use distribution among hominids.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 Nov 2005
TL;DR: This paper presents a generic model that captures various filtering policy semantics using Boolean expressions and uses this model to derive a canonical representation for IPSec policies using ordered binary decision diagrams, and develops a comprehensive framework to classify and identify conflicts that could exist in a single IPSec device or between different IPSec devices in enterprise networks.
Abstract: IPSec has become the defacto standard protocol for secure Internet communications, providing traffic integrity, confidentiality and authentication. Although IPSec supports a rich set of protection modes and operations, its policy configuration remains a complex and error-prone task. The complex semantics of IP Sec policies that allow for triggering multiple rule actions with different security modes/operations coordinated between different IPSec gateways in the network increases significantly the potential of policy misconfiguration and thereby insecure transmission. Successful deployment of IPSec requires thorough and automated analysis of the policy configuration consistency for IPSec devices across the entire network. In this paper, we present a generic model that captures various filtering policy semantics using Boolean expressions. We use this model to derive a canonical representation for IPSec policies using ordered binary decision diagrams. Based on this representation, we develop a comprehensive framework to classify and identify conflicts that could exist in a single IPSec device (intra-policy conflicts) or between different IPSec devices (inter-policy conflicts) in enterprise networks. Our testing and evaluation study on different network environments demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With an improved staggered action for light quarks, the first three-flavor lattice QCD calculations for D-->pilnu and D-->Klnu semileptonic decays are presented and the systematic error from the chiral extrapolation is much smaller than in previous calculations with Wilson-type light quark masses.
Abstract: We present the first three-flavor lattice QCD calculations for D-->pilnu and D-->Klnu semileptonic decays. Simulations are carried out using ensembles of unquenched gauge fields generated by the MILC Collaboration. With an improved staggered action for light quarks, we are able to simulate at light quark masses down to 1/8 of the strange mass. Consequently, the systematic error from the chiral extrapolation is much smaller than in previous calculations with Wilson-type light quarks. Our results for the form factors at q(2)=0 are f(D-->pi)(+)(0)=0.64(3)(6) and f(D-->K)(+)(0)=0.73(3)(7), where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic, added in quadrature. Combining our results with experimental branching ratios, we obtain the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements |V(cd)|=0.239(10)(24)(20) and |V(cs)|=0.969(39)(94)(24), where the last errors are from experimental uncertainties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper tested a model that included satisfaction and found that the happy student will be more productive student, but empirical tests of that assumption are curiously sparse, since it seems intuitively obvious that the happier student will behave better than the productive student.
Abstract: Although it seems intuitively obvious that the happy student will be a more productive student, empirical tests of that assumption are curiously sparse. We tested a model that included satisfaction...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a need for greater diagnostic clarity, and this might be accomplished by subgroups that integrate multiple variables including those in cognitive, emotional, and biological domains, according to a review of research involving the case definitions of CFS.
Abstract: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an important condition confronting patients, clinicians, and researchers. This article provides information concerning the need for appropriate diagnosis of CFS subtypes. We first review findings suggesting that CFS is best conceptualized as a separate diagnostic entity rather than as part of a unitary model of functional somatic distress. Next, research involving the case definitions of CFS is reviewed. Findings suggest that whether a broad or more conservative case definition is employed, and whether clinic or community samples are recruited, these decisions will have a major influence in the types of patients selected. Review of further findings suggests that subtyping individuals with CFS on sociodemographic, functional disability, viral, immune, neuroendocrine, neurology, autonomic, and genetic biomarkers can provide clarification for researchers and clinicians who encounter CFS’ characteristically confusing heterogeneous symptom profiles. Treatment studies that incorporate subtypes might be particularly helpful in better understanding the pathophysiology of CFS. This review suggests that there is a need for greater diagnostic clarity, and this might be accomplished by subgroups that integrate multiple variables including those in cognitive, emotional, and biological domains.