DePaul University

About: DePaul University is a education organization based out in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5658 authors who have published 11562 publications receiving 295257 citations.

Discrimination across the ideological divide : The role of value violations and abstract values in discrimination by liberals and conservatives

Abstract: Despite ample research linking conservatism to discrimination and liberalism to tolerance, both groups may discriminate. In two studies, we investigated whether conservatives and liberals support discrimination against value violators, and whether liberals’ and conservatives’ values distinctly affect discrimination. Results demonstrated that liberals and conservatives supported discrimination against ideologically dissimilar groups, an effect mediated by perceptions of value violations. Liberals were more likely than conservatives to espouse egalitarianism and universalism, which attenuated their discrimination; whereas the conservatives’ value of traditionalism predicted more discrimination, and their value of self-reliance predicted less discrimination. This suggests liberals and conservatives are equally likely to discriminate against value violators, but liberal values may ameliorate discrimination more than conservative values.

Frequent Behavioral Delay Tendencies By Adults: International Prevalence Rates of Chronic Procrastination

Abstract: Adult men (n = 582) and women (n = 765) from six nations (Spain, Peru, Venezuela, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States) completed two reliable and valid measures of chronic procrastination. Because both arousal and avoidant procrastination types were significantly related across the entire sample (r = .72, p < .001) and within each national sample, regression analyses calculated “pure” arousal and “pure” avoidant procrastinators, controlling for the scale scores of the other scale. Results indicated no significant sex or nationality differences within and between nations on self-reported arousal or avoidant procrastination. Overall, 13.5% and 14.6% of men and women self-identified as either arousal or avoidant procrastinators, respectively. These findings suggest that the tendency toward frequent delays in starting or completing tasks may be prevalent across diverse populations in spite of their distinct cultural values, norms, and practices.

Swift trust and commitment: The missing links for humanitarian supply chain coordination?

Abstract: Coordination among actors in a humanitarian relief supply chain decides whether a relief operation can be or successful or not. In humanitarian supply chains, due to the urgency and importance of the situation combined with scarce resources, actors have to coordinate and trust each other in order to achieve joint goals. This paper investigated empirically the role of swift trust as mediating variable for achieving supply chain coordination. Based on commitment-trust theory we explore enablers of swift-trust and how swift trust translates into coordination through commitment. Based on a path analytic model we test data from the National Disaster Management Authority of India. Our study is the first testing commitment-trust theory in the humanitarian context, highlighting the importance of swift trust and commitment for much thought after coordination. Furthermore, the study shows that information sharing and behavioral uncertainty reduction act as enablers for swift trust. The study findings offer practical guidance and suggest that swift trust is a missing link for the success of humanitarian supply chains.

Explaining the decline in women's household labor: Individual change and cohort differences

Abstract: Women's hours of housework have declined, but does this change represent shifts in the behavior of individuals or differences across cohorts? Using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys, individual and cohort change in housework are examined over a 13-year period. Responsibility for household tasks declined 10% from 1974-75 to 1987-88. For individual women, changes in housework are associated with life course shifts in time availability as well as with changes in gender attitudes and marital status, but are not related to changes in relative earnings. Cohort differences exist in responsibility for housework in the mid-1970s and they persist over the 13-year period. Overall, these findings suggest that aggregate changes in women's household labor reflect both individual change and cohort differences. Key Words: housework, life cycle, social change, women. Women's and men's family roles have undergone enormous change over the last several decades. The traditional nuclear family, composed of a mother-homemaker and a father-provider, is a reality for only a fraction of today's families (Spain & Bianchi, 1996; Sweet & Bumpass, 1987). This change is reflected in the increasing rate of women, particularly mothers, in the paid labor force (Costello & Stone, 1994; Rexroat, 1992; Rindfuss, Brewster, & Kavee, 1996). Commensurate with this shift in family and work patterns, many early scholars expected a parallel drop in women's household labor and a move to a more equitable division of labor both within and outside the household. Indeed, several trend studies using time diary data describe significant drops in women's household labor between the 1960s and the 1990s, and slight increases in men's household labor (Bianchi, Milkie, Sayer, & Robinson, 2000; Gershuny & Robinson, 1988; Robinson & Godbey, 1997), but change has been slow, and women continue to shoulder much greater responsibility for household labor (Shelton & John, 1996). Although recent trend studies of housework suggest there has been a change in the average level of housework done by women (Bianchi et al., 2000; Gershuny & Robinson, 1988; Robinson & Godbey, 1997), it remains unclear how much of that change reflects behavioral changes made by individual women and how much it reflects differences across successive cohorts. At one extreme, if housework behaviors, and the gender relations that underlie them, remained perfectly stable for individuals throughout adulthood, differences in housework behavior across successive cohorts of men and women could still result in change. If cohorts begin adulthood with different behaviors, change will occur as newer cohorts replace the old (Firebaugh & Davis, 1988; Ryder, 1965). At the other extreme, change could also occur if individuals alter their housework behaviors throughout adulthood, regardless of whether cohort behaviors differed when they entered adulthood. Understanding both types of change is important because it helps us better understand the processes generating these changes and provides greater insight into the potential for future change. Cohort differences, particularly if behaviors are shaped early in the life course and then stabilize in adulthood, are an important source of long-term, stable transformation of behaviors or attitudes (Brewster & Padavic, 2000; Firebaugh & Davis, 1988). In contrast, evidence of behavioral change throughout adulthood suggests behaviors that are more malleable. Patterns of change in housework behavior also provide clues about the stability of these behaviors, the gender relations that underlie them, and which other life changes are most closely associated with adjustments in housework behavior. In this article, we use two comparable, nationally representative samples of American women drawn from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Mature and Young Women. These two data sets allow us to examine change in housework behavior from the mid-1970s to late 1980s (13 years) for five 5-year cohorts of U. …

PTSD Symptoms in Young Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

Abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) places infants and young children at risk for development of trauma symptoms. However, this is an understudied consequence of IPV because young children pose particular difficulties for assessment of trauma symptoms. The authors collected maternal reports on mothers' and children's posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and IPV yearly, from ages 1 to 7. Approximately half of the children exposed to IPV at each time period developed some trauma symptoms, and frequency of IPV witnessed was associated with PTSD symptoms. Maternal and child PTSD symptoms were correlated, suggesting that young children may be particularly vulnerable to relational PTSD due to their close physical and emotional relationship with their parents.