DePaul University

About: DePaul University is a education organization based out in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 5658 authors who have published 11562 publications receiving 295257 citations.

Risk Factors, Protective Factors, Vulnerability, and Resilience A Framework for Understanding and Supporting the Adult Transitions of Youth with High-Incidence Disabilities

Abstract: Findings from numerous investigations of youth with high-incidence disabilities have indicated that these youth have poorer adult outcomes than do their peers without disabilities. Despite the consistency with which these findings have been observed, little is known about the specific factors that contribute to these poor outcomes, and even less is known about factors and processes that might improve them. Part of this limitation may be related to the lack of an organizing model or framework for thinking about the many factors and processes that can influence the outcomes of youth with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to examine how the related concepts of risk factors, protective factors, and resilience might inform our understanding of the postschool outcomes of youth with disabilities. These constructs are reviewed and their application to research focused on understanding and supporting the adult transitions of youth with high-incidence disabilities is explored. Based on this review, sever...

What is the impact of self-stigma? Loss of self-respect and the “why try” effect

Abstract: Background: The “Why Try” phenomenon, a consequence of self-stigma, is a sense of futility that occurs when people believe they are unworthy or incapable of achieving personal goals because they apply the stereotypes of mental illness to themselves.Aims: This study examines a four-stage model of self-stigma (aware, agree, apply, and self-stigma harm) and examines the “why try” effect as a result. We do that by testing a measure of “why try.”Method: Two hypothetical path models were tested. In the first, applying stereotypes to oneself leads to diminished self-respect and a sense of “why try”. In the second, the effect of applying stereotypes on “why try” is mediated by diminished self-respect. Participants completed the “why try” measure along with measures of self-stigma, public stigma, recovery, and empowerment.Results: Results show application of stereotypes to oneself predicts diminished self-respect and “why try”. “Why try” was significantly associated with agreement with public stigma, depre...

Authenticity by typing for security protocols

Abstract: We propose a new method to check authenticity properties of cryptographic protocols. First, code up the protocol in the spi-calculus of Abadi and Gordon. Second, specify authenticity properties by annotating the code with correspondence assertions in the style of Woo and Lam. Third, figure out types for the keys, nonces, and messages of the protocol. Fourth, check that the spi-calculus code is well-typed according to a novel type and effect system presented in this paper. Our main theorem guarantees that any well-typed protocol is robustly safe, that is, its correspondence assertions are true in the presence of any opponent expressible in spi. It is feasible to apply this method by hand to several well-known cryptographic protocols. It requires little human effort per protocol, puts no bound on the size of the opponent, and requires no state space enumeration. Moreover, the types for protocol data provide some intuitive explanation of how the protocol works. This paper describes our method and gives some simple examples. Our method has led us to the independent rediscovery of flaws in existing protocols and to the design of improved protocols.

Consensus in Work Role Requirements: The Influence of Discrete Occupational Context on Role Expectations

Abstract: Although role theory has long described how expectations shape role behavior, little empirical research has examined differences among work role requirements and how features of the discrete occupational context may influence the extent to which role expectations are shared among role holders. The authors examined consensus in work role requirements from a sample of over 20,000 incumbents across 98 occupations. They found that consensus systematically decreased as work role requirements ranged from molecular tasks to responsibilities to molar traits. In addition, they found that consensus in these work role requirements was significantly influenced by the amount of interdependence, autonomy, and routinization present in the surrounding task and social contexts.