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Institution

Des Moines University

EducationDes Moines, Iowa, United States
About: Des Moines University is a education organization based out in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Isometric exercise. The organization has 576 authors who have published 748 publications receiving 21232 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this review, the basics of classic reliability theory are addressed in the context of choosing and interpreting an ICC and how the SEM and its variants can be used to construct confidence intervals for individual scores and to determine the minimal difference needed to be exhibited for one to be confident that a true change in performance of an individual has occurred.
Abstract: Reliability, the consistency of a test or measurement, is frequently quantified in the movement sciences literature. A common metric is the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). In addition, the SEM, which can be calculated from the ICC, is also frequently reported in reliability studies. However, there are several versions of the ICC, and confusion exists in the movement sciences regarding which ICC to use. Further, the utility of the SEM is not fully appreciated. In this review, the basics of classic reliability theory are addressed in the context of choosing and interpreting an ICC. The primary distinction between ICC equations is argued to be one concerning the inclusion (equations 2,1 and 2,k) or exclusion (equations 3,1 and 3,k) of systematic error in the denominator of the ICC equation. Inferential tests of mean differences, which are performed in the process of deriving the necessary variance components for the calculation of ICC values, are useful to determine if systematic error is present. If so, the measurement schedule should be modified (removing trials where learning and/or fatigue effects are present) to remove systematic error, and ICC equations that only consider random error may be safely used. The use of ICC values is discussed in the context of estimating the effects of measurement error on sample size, statistical power, and correlation attenuation. Finally, calculation and application of the SEM are discussed. It is shown how the SEM and its variants can be used to construct confidence intervals for individual scores and to determine the minimal difference needed to be exhibited for one to be confident that a true change in performance of an individual has occurred.

3,992 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Treatment of naive human or mouse T cells with IL-35 induced a regulatory population, which is called 'iTR35 cells', that mediated suppression via IL- 35 but not via the inhibitory cytokines IL-10 or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).
Abstract: Regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) have a critical role in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance. Here we show that treatment of naive human or mouse T cells with IL-35 induced a regulatory population, which we call 'iT(R)35 cells', that mediated suppression via IL-35 but not via the inhibitory cytokines IL-10 or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). We found that iT(R)35 cells did not express or require the transcription factor Foxp3, and were strongly suppressive and stable in vivo. T(reg) cells induced the generation of iT(R)35 cells in an IL-35- and IL-10-dependent manner in vitro and induced their generation in vivo under inflammatory conditions in intestines infected with Trichuris muris and within the tumor microenvironment (B16 melanoma and MC38 colorectal adenocarcinoma), where they contributed to the regulatory milieu. Thus, iT(R)35 cells constitute a key mediator of infectious tolerance and contribute to T(reg) cell-mediated tumor progression. Furthermore, iT(R)35 cells generated ex vivo might have therapeutic utility.

748 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study details the profile of 13 cell surface cluster differentiation markers on human reserve stem cells derived from connective tissues as well as lineage‐uncommitted pluripotent stem cells capable of forming muscle, adipocytes, cartilage, bone, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.
Abstract: This study details the profile of 13 cell surface cluster differentiation markers on human reserve stem cells derived from connective tissues Stem cells were isolated from the connective tissues of dermis and skeletal muscle derived from fetal, mature, and geriatric humans An insulin/dexamethasone phenotypic bioassay was used to determine the identity of the stem cells from each population All populations contained lineage-committed myogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic progenitor stem cells as well as lineage-uncommitted pluripotent stem cells capable of forming muscle, adipocytes, cartilage, bone, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells Flow cytometric analysis of adult stem cell populations revealed positive staining for CD34 and CD90 and negative staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11c, CD33, CD36, CD38, CD45, CD117, Glycophorin-A, and HLA DR-II Anat Rec 264:51–62, 2001 © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc

562 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A Clinical Practice Guideline for diabetic foot disorders based on currently available evidence is presented to provide evidencebased guidance for general patterns of practice and the goal of a major reduction in diabetic limb amputations is certainly possible.
Abstract: Foot ulcerations, infections, and Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy are three serious foot complications of diabetes mellitus that can too frequently lead to gangrene and lower limb amputation. Consequently, foot disorders are one of the leading causes of hospitalization for persons with diabetes and can account for expenditures in the billions of dollars annually in the U.S. alone. Although not all foot complications can be prevented, dramatic reductions in their frequency have been obtained through the implementation of a multidisciplinary team approach to patient management. Using this concept, the authors present a Clinical Practice Guideline for diabetic foot disorders based on currently available evidence. The underlying pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, infections, and the diabetic Charcot foot are thoroughly reviewed. Although these guidelines cannot and should not dictate the standard of care for all affected patients, they are intended to provide evidencebased guidance for general patterns of practice. The goal of a major reduction in diabetic limb amputations is certainly possible if these concepts are embraced and incorporated into patient management protocols.

477 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data show that excess opioid analgesics are made available after elective upper extremity surgery and could potentially become a source for diversion.
Abstract: Purpose After elective outpatient upper extremity surgery, patients' need for opioid analgesic medication may be considerably less than typically dispensed. Our goal for this study was to evaluate pain control and quantify the amount of leftover pain medication. Methods We recruited patients scheduled for elective outpatient upper extremity surgery, who met the inclusion criteria, to participate in a phone interview 7 to 14 days after surgery. Information collected included age, gender, procedure performed, analgesic medication and regimen prescribed, satisfaction with pain control, number of tablets remaining, reasons for not taking medication, other analgesic medications used, payer classification, and any adverse drug reactions. Results A total of 287 eligible subjects consented to participate. Of these, 36 patients failed phone contact and 1 patient canceled surgery, which left 250 patients who completed the study. Oxycodone, hydrocodone, and propoxyphene accounted for over 95% of the prescription medications, with adequate pain control reported by 230 (92%) patients. Patients most frequently received 30 pills. Patients undergoing bone procedures reported the highest medication use (14 pills), whereas patients undergoing soft tissue procedures reported the lowest use (9 pills). Over half of the subjects reported taking the opioid medication for 2 days or less. Medicare patients consumed significantly less medication (7 pills, P Conclusions Our data show that excess opioid analgesics are made available after elective upper extremity surgery and could potentially become a source for diversion. A prescription of 30 opioid pills for outpatient surgery appears excessive and unnecessary, especially for soft tissue procedures of the hand and wrist. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic I.

347 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20226
202156
202074
201950
201858
201759