Showing papers by "Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan published in 2014"

Psychological and psycho-physical training as a part of physical education of students in higher educational establishments

Abstract: Цель: проведение анализа феномена психологической и психофизической подготовки как составной части физического воспитания студентов. Материал: литературные источники по проблеме исследования. Результаты: приведены и проанализированы ряд факторов, которые определяют необходимость проведения в высшей школе специальной психологической и психофизической подготовки к профессиональному труду. Рассмотрен вопрос психологической и психофизической подготовки студентов к профессиональному труду в структуре физического воспитания. Показано отличие предложенного понятия «психологическая и психофизическая подготовка» от известных в сфере физического воспитания понятий «профессионально-прикладная физическая подготовка», «психофизическая подготовка». Психологическая и психофизическая готовность рассматривается в работе как определённая подструктура общей структуры личности. Предложено модель психологической и психофизической готовности студента. Выводы: психологическая и психофизическая подготовка студентов к профессиональной деятельности может проводиться в процессе физического воспитания. Её рационально рассматривать как часть физического воспитания студентов специализированную относительно психологических и психофизических особенностей будущей профессиональной деятельности.

Transcendental aspects of gender

Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the basic principles of gender philosophy applying methodological tools of communicative pragmatics; to demonstrate how gender construct can provide gender humanism formation as one of the ideals of democratic society; to specify gender glossary terms such as “gender democracy”, “gender equality” and “gender justice”. Methodology. In order to investigate a theoretical framework in feminist philosophy, methodological tools of communicative pragmatics and discursive ethics that were elaborated by modern German philosophers J. Habermas, K.-O. Apel for analyzing ethical gender principles and their legitimation ways have been used in this research. Scientific novelty. Based on methodological differences in concepts of J. Habermas and K.-O. Apel, two opposite approaches to gender concept analysis – rational and pragmatic (Habermas) and transcendental conceptual (K.-O. Apel) have been found out. The article helps to specify the framework of categories and concepts. According to the legitimation way of gender ethical theory it was discovered that such notions as “gender democracy”, “gender equality” and “gender justice” do not have the same meanings. According to the analysis of communicative action program and consensus, the “gender equality” concept by Habermas is an artificial social construct that is methodologically grounded in cognitivism and diminishes the possibilities of gender values legitimation. According to K.-O. Apel, the concept of “gender justice” is based on transcendental moral and ethical sense of opposite genders unity and does not discharge unequal distribution of responsibilities and any invasion as well as represents certain extent of their difference. Conclusions. Fast growing gender changes in the society face ageold drawbacks of moral and spiritual principles of communities, taking into account social and cultural, national and gender identity. Thorough understanding of various approaches to feminism philosophy leads more to complementarity of male and female principles of humanity with further acceptance of gender roles that reflect more complicated panorama of spiritual life.

Analysis of deformed state structures of the kyiv metro running tunnels on a transition zone from spondylov's clay to buchatskiy sands

Abstract: Purpose. In the section of changes geotechnical conditions of spondylov’s clay to buchatskiy sands may have significant structural deformation of running tunnels. It is necessary to identify the cause of deformities develop ways to minimize and based modeling and calculations to prove the effectiveness of measures to reduce deformation. Methodology. To solve the analysis problem of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the system «structure array» it was conducted the numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM). On the basis of the obtained results the graphs were constructed and the dependencies were determined. Findings. The presence of weak watersaturated soils in tray of the tunnel on an area of transition from spondylov’s clay to buchatskiy sand causes significant increasing in strain construction of tunnels and general vibration liquefaction in soil basis. Also change the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils within the frames of tunnels influences on the level of strain state of most frames. Improved strain state settings of tunnels in areas of change soil characteristics of the array (especially at the bottom of casing) can be achieved by chemical consolidation of weak soils. Composition of solutions for fixing the weak soils should be determined based on the study of grain size, porosity, and other parameters of physical and mechanical and physical and chemical characteristics of soils. Originality. The basic cause significant strain on transition zone from spondylov’s clay to buchatskiy sands is found, that is explained by saturated phenomenon vibration liquefaction basis under the tunnel. Practical value. The approaches to reduce the strain in the construction of running tunnels in the transition zone from spondylov’s clay to buchatskiy sands are developed, as well as in the area of the station «Glybochytska» the Kyiv Metro.

Investigation of dynamic characteristics of gondola cars on perspective bogies

Abstract: Purpose . In this paper, it is necessary to examine the dynamic properties of the gondola car with bogies, model 18-1711 when it moves on straight and curved sections of a track. Methodology . The calculations were performed using the object-oriented programming on the program "Dynamics of Rail Vehicles" ("DYNRAIL" Myamlin S.V. registered 20.03.2003). Mathematical models of a gondola car and bogies 18-100 and 18-711 were created for the calculations. Findings . Dynamic performances comparison of the gondola car with bogies 18-1711 and the gondola car with bogies 18-100, obtained by calculation method was carried out. Originality . Firstly calculations in order to determine the dynamic properties of the gondola car with bogies 18-1711 when it moves on straight and curved sections of track were performed. At the same time an assessment of the dynamic characteristics of the gondola car was made. The following dynamic standards were determined: the coefficient of vertical dynamics (C dv ), the coefficient of horizontal dynamics (C dh ), and the safety factor against derailment (SF d ). Track irregularities in vertical and horizontal transverse planes were assigned as perturbations. They should be so that the dynamic indexes of the widely used in operation gondola car on bogies model 18-100 keep in admissible range of speeds up to 80km / h for the empty gondola car and at speeds up to 90km / h for the loaded gondola cars. Practical value . As a result of the calculations and comparisons of their results, we have findings that the use of bogies with bilinear characteristic of the central suspension will improve the dynamic performances of gondola cars, currently operating on bogies, model 18-100. And by improving the dynamic performances it is possible to increase the permissible speeds of these cars motion.

Development of scientific school of transport mechanics: artistic legacy of YE. P. Blokhin

Abstract: Purpose Development of domestic and global transport science occurred due to the contributions of many scientists and practicing engineers The purpose of our study is the analysis of scientific documentary legacy of YE P Blokhin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V Lazaryan and identifying his place and role in the development of modern railway transport Methodology Application of problem-chronological, comparative, descriptive historical methods of research, systematization and analysis of scientific papers allowed the authors to submit the actual history of the railway transport development (1950-2013) through the prism of YE P Blokhin scientific activity We identified 6 main periods of his scientific activity Findings It was found out that the overall intellectual plant of the scientist includes 555 scientific papers (written personally and co-authored) in domestic and foreign publications on key issues of mechanics and operation of railway rolling stock Artistic legacy of YE P Blokhin includes monographs, articles, reports, patents, author certificate, etc It was found that the epistolary legacy of scientist, archive materials, his personal diaries, reference list of works of his students and followers are almost unexplored Originality Authors of the work for the first time in the history of science and technology of Ukraine conducted a complex study of the scientific legacy of YE P Blokhin in the context of railway transport It is proved that the ideas, research, scientific works, implemented projects, numerous students and followers of YE P Blokhin are important factors, confirming a significant contribution of the scientist to the global engineering and transport science Practical value The work can be used to create historiographical papers and textbooks, to study the issues of formation and development of the scientific school for transport mechanics and university science ofUkraine in the railway branch, in the course of lectures on the subjects «History of railway transport development» and «Introduction to the profession»

Influence of maintenance windows on the working capacity of railway route

Abstract: Purpose. The article aims to analyze the stabilization process of train movement after interruption and loss of the working capacity. Methodology. To examine the process of train movement on the route (double-track line with sorting station) in extreme conditions during the maintenance windows for capital repair of the track. During the investigation of this process time calculations of a normal motion restoration after the maintenance windows were carried out. In this process there are no organizational interventions aimed to change various coefficients. It is presented in the research in its pure form, in order to show how the system comes to equilibrium. Findings. It was found out that the major losses of working capacity during the maintenance windows occur as a result of perturbations caused by interruptions, not the interruptions in themselves. The actual idle time in the study is about 300 train-hours. Directly because of the maintenance window it is 129 train-hours. Losses were equal to more than half of total idle time of trains caused by the maintenance windows. Originality. The authors proved the possible reduction of working capacity losses on railway direction as a result of a deliberate action on this process. Practical value. Implementation of these actions will reduce the losses of the working capacity.

Mathematical modeling of AC electric point motor

Abstract: Purpose. In order to ensure reliability, security, and the most important the continuity of the transportation process, it is necessary to develop, implement, and then improve the automated methods of diagnostic mechanisms, devices and rail transport systems. Only systems that operate in real time mode and transmit data on the instantaneous state of the control objects can timely detect any faults and thus provide additional time for their correction by railway employees. Turnouts are one of the most important and responsible components, and therefore require the development and implementation of such diagnostics system. Methodology. Achieving the goal of monitoring and control of railway automation objects in real time is possible only with the use of an automated process of the objects state diagnosing. For this we need to know the diagnostic features of a control object, which determine its state at any given time. The most rational way of remote diagnostics is the shape and current spectrum analysis that flows in the power circuits of railway automatics. Turnouts include electric motors, which are powered by electric circuits, and the shape of the current curve depends on both the condition of the electric motor, and the conditions of the turnout maintenance . Findings. For the research and analysis of AC electric point motor it was developed its mathematical model. The calculation of parameters and interdependencies between the main factors affecting the operation of the asynchronous machine was conducted. The results of the model operation in the form of time dependences of the waveform curves of current on the load on engine shaft were obtained. Originality. During simulation the model of AC electric point motor, which satisfies the conditions of adequacy was built. Practical value. On the basis of the constructed model we can study the AC motor in various mode of operation, record and analyze current curve, as a response to various changes of the load on engine shaft.

Study of transmission lines effect on the system operationon of continuous automatic cab signalling

Abstract: Purpose. To conduct an effect research of the electromagnetic field of high-voltage transmission lines (HVTL) (750 kV, 50 Hz) on the track circuits and continuous automatic cab signalling (CACS) with a signal current of 50 Hz in the areas of convergence and intersection with the transmission lines and to propose possible methods to improve noise immunity of CACS. Methodology. The measurements were performed both by means of car-laboratory and directly on rail lines. During the study the electric field strength in the range of industrial frequency directly under the transmission lines and at the distance from it to the railway lines was measured, as well as the time dependence of CACS codes with signal current frequency of 50 Hz directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it in the absence of the train and its passing. Findings. The root causes analysis of CACS faults and failures was carried out. The effect of the electromagnetic field of highvoltage transmission lines (750 kV, 50 Hz) on the track circuit and CACS with signal current of 50 Hz in the areas of convergence and intersection with the transmission line was investigated. Possible methods to improve noise immunity of CACS were considered. Originality. The effect research of transmission lines (750 kV) on the operation of the automatic cab signalling on spans Prishib-Burchatsk and Privolnoye-Yelizarovo, Pridneprovsk railway in places of oblique railroads crossing and transmission lines (750 kV, 50 Hz) was conducted. Electric field strength in the range of industrial frequency directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it to the railway line, as well as the time dependences of ALSN codes with signal current frequency of 50 Hz directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it in the absence of the train and as its passing were measured. It was found that CACS codes in track circuits under transmission lines are strongly distorted, as strength measurements of electric field are shown, it can be explained by the electromagnetic field effect of transmission lines on track circuits. Practical value. Possible methods of CACS safety enhancement by improving the reliability of signaling from a track on the locomotive were considered.

Effectiveness analysis of campus heat supply system of Dnipropetrovsk National University Of Railway Transport

Abstract: Purpose . Heat consumption for heating and hot water supply of housing and industrial facilities is an essential part of heat energy consumption. Prerequisite for development of energy saving measures in existing heating systems is their preliminary examination. The investigation results of campus heating system of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan are presented in the article. On the basis of the analysis it is proposed to take the energy saving measures and assess their effectiveness. Methodology. Analysis of the consumption structure of thermal energy for heating domestic and hot water supply was fulfilled. The real costs of heat supply during the calendar year and the normative costs were compared. Findings. The recording expenditures data of thermal energy for heating supply of residential buildings and dormitories in 2012 were analyzed. The comparison of actual performance with specific regulations was performed. This comparison revealed problems, whose solution will help the efficient use of thermal energy. Originality. For the first time the impact of climate conditions, features of schemes and designs of heating systems on the effective use of thermal energy were analyzed. It was studied the contribution of each component. Practical value. Based on the analysis of thermal energy consumption it was developed a list of possible energy saving measures that can be implemented in the system of heat and power facilities. It was evaluated the fuel and energy resources saving.

Scientific evidence for walls fastening technologies of working trench by the special method «slurry wall» for shallow subways' stations

Abstract: Purpose. It’s necessary to carry out justification of fastening technology and the choice of the optimal variant, creating dependency diagrams of moving for idealized cases by means of automated methods of calculations. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the finite element solid models, which reflect the design of the working trench for the shallow subways’ stations, with four ways to fix the “slurry wall”, as well as a calculation and analysis of the stress-strain state of structures and fixtures calculated using the complex with using the finite element method (FEM) is built in the software package SCAD. Findings. The analysis of the stress-strain state and movements of various fundamental systems of soil nailing and comparing the results by displaying the calculations results of main and equivalent stresses, using the built-in postprocessors in software package SCAD. Namely, were identified extreme tensions arising in the wall and strut rail. It is built the tables and the resulting graph of behavior of the structural fastening condition; the parameters change of the surrounding array on the base of the research. It is possible to analyze and compare the operation of different constructions of slopes fastening of working trench by means of their help. Originality. In solving this problem have been analyzed and studied the behavior of the structure fastening the «slurry wall», and its stress-strain state, the location and the fastening areas that need further elaboration, study and introduction of measures to strengthen the construction of fences and auxiliary fixing elements, presented with metal strut rail. Practical value. In the era of highly advanced building technologies in the construction of underground facilities with using the special method of “slurry wall” the question arises about the quick selection of optimal parameters, elements and methods of securing its walls from excessive strain and avoidance of displacement to the calculation of possible combinations of permanent loads from soil in the construction of the working trench.

Rational modes determination of traction motors loading-back for electric rolling stock in mainline and industrial transport

Abstract: Purpose. Loading-back systems are used for post-maintenance acceptance tests of electric traction motors of electric rolling stock (ERS) in mainline and industrial transport. The aim of the research is justification of choice method of the rational loading-back parameters of traction electric motors during the tests for heating. Methodology. At the heart of the choice method justification of the rational loading-back parameters is a theory of heating the homogeneous solid body and well-known methods of heating calculations of traction electric machines. Findings . Expediency of heating tests for electric traction motors at load currents equal to the starting current (for ERS of mainline transport) or fifteen minutes current (for ERS of industrial transport) was substantiated. It was shown that this increase of load current will reduce the electricity costs of the tests for 20–30% and shorten the tests duration for three–four times while ensuring the corrected power minimum of energy sources in loading-back system. Originality. It is shown that the energy costs for heating tests of the traction motors can be reduced by both the increasing the energy efficiency of the loading-back system and by the optimizing of loading mode of traction electric machines. Choice technique of rational modes of loading-back for electric traction motors of rolling stock in mainline and industrial transport was grounded. Practical value . Load current increase of traction electric motors during their tests for heating will reduce the total electricity consumption for the acceptance tests, reduce test time and total material costs for repair of the electric traction motors of rolling stock in mainline and industrial transport.

1H NMR spectra of N-methyl-4-tolyl-1-(4-bromonaphthyl)amine and N-phenyl-1-(4-bromonaphthyl)amine: a combined experimental and theoretical study

Abstract: Theoretical investigations of the conformational properties and 1 H NMR chemical shifts for N -methyl-4-tolyl-1-(4-bromonaphthyl)amine and N -phenyl-1-(4-bromonaphthyl)amine are reported. The calculations were performed at the DFT level (PBE1PBE functional) using magnetically consistent 6-31G ## and STO ## -3G mag basis sets. Conformational properties of the amines were studied using potential energy surface scanning. Chemical shifts were calculated using the GIAO and CSGT methods and averaged in proportion to the population of the corresponding conformations. Solvent effects (CDCl 3 ) were accounted via PCM method. The obtained results allowed to assign the 1 H NMR signals for the naphthalene moiety, which could not be done based on the experimental data alone.

Simulation of the accidental pollution after the emergency in to the storage of rocket solid propellant

Abstract: Purpose. Development of the operational numerical model to compute contamination of the atmosphere over Pavlograd city in the case of solid rocket propellant ignition at the storage. Methodology. To simulate the toxic chemical dispersion (product of the solid rocket propellant firing) the equation of convective-diffusion transfer is used. This equation takes into account the toxic chemical dispersion in the atmosphere by wind and the atmosphere diffusion. To calculate the process of the indoor contamination in the case of the contaminated air infiltration a balance model is used. This model takes into account the ventilation flow rate, volume of the room, concentration of toxic chemical in the inlet air. To compute the ventilation flow rate the empirical model was used. The implicit change–triangle difference scheme was used for the numerical integration of the governing equation. FORTRAN language was used to develop code on the basis of the created numerical model. On the basis of the developed numeral model numerical experiment was carried out which allowed to estimate the level of atmosphere contamination in Pavlograd city. Findings. The operational model allows predicting quickly the hitting zone dimensions. The developed model was used to estimate risk of people toxic hitting in the residential districts of Pavlograd city. Originality. A numeral model allows to estimate the risk of toxic hitting of people in Pavlograd city in the case of an accident at the of solid rocket propellant storage. Practical value. The developed numeral model can be used for the quick estimation of risk for people in the city after toxic chemical release at the solid propellant storage. The developed numerical model solves the problem to assess the consequences for the population at ignition of solid rocket propellant in storage.

Development of criteria of charge and discharge efficiency of solid state of heat accumulator

Abstract: Purpose . Development of similarity criteria for different modes of operation of the solid-state heat accumulator working due to accumulation of heat in the volume of the heat storage material without phase transition, and the creation of systematic criteria of heat accumulator efficiency for determination the weight / size parameters and operating modes at the design stage. Methodology . To achieve the objectives of the study the theory of similarity and dimensional analysis were used as well as planning and carrying out techniques of physical experiments. Findings. Based on the theory of similarity and dimensional analysis similarity criteria operation of solid-state heat accumulators, under given basic parameters were obtained. These are performance criteria for charge, discharge and full criterion. Three theorems of similarity theory in application to the solution of engineering problems were used. The criterion of efficiency of the heat accumulator charge characterizes the effectiveness of achieving the specified value of the specific amount of heat in the material of heat accumulator under charge, under received materials, geometrical ratios, and heat flow of the heat input. The efficiency criterion characterizes the discharge efficiency of the heat accumulator, at the accepted materials; mass of heat-retainer and the total accumulated amount of heat when the value of the heat flow and the time of discharge. Full coefficient of the heat accumulator performance characterizes the efficiency of the heat accumulators for a full cycle. Originality. Accordingly to the analysis the implementation of any system of solid-state heat accumulator is possible on the basis of structural schemes of this type of device. The similarity criteria of the efficiency of the charge, the efficiency of discharge and the full criterion of solid-state heat accumulators’ efficiency based on the solid storage material without phase transition were obtained. Practical value. Criteria presented in this work are of a comparative nature. In accordance with the obtained criteria we can compare designed and existing heat accumulators that are similar to structures. Feasibility analysis indicates that the proposed assessment methodology of solid-state heat accumulators’ efficiency in different modes of operation is effective, technically feasible and allows determining the weight / size parameters and modes of operation of the solid-state heat accumulator at the design stage.

The influence mechanism of ferrite grain size on strength stress at the fatigue of low-carbon steel

Abstract: Purpose. Explanation of the influence mechanism of ferrite grain size on the fatigue strength of low-carbon steel. Methodology. Material for research is the low-carbon steel with 0.1% of carbon contnent. The different size of ferrite grain was obtained due to varying the degree of cold plastic deformation and temperature of annealing. The estimation of grain size was conducted using methodologies of quantitative metallography. The microstructure of metal was investigated under a light microscope with increase up to 1500 times. As a fatigue response the fatigue strength of metal – a maximal value of load amplitude with endless endurance limit of specimen was used. Fatigue tests were carried out using the test machine «Saturn-10», at the symmetric cycle of alternating bend loading. Findings. On the basis of research the dependence for fatigue strength of low-carbon steel, which is based on an additive contribution from hardening of solid solution by the atoms of carbon, boundary of the ferrite grain and amount of mobile dislocations was obtained. It was established that as the grainy structure of low-carbon steel enlarges, the influence of grain size on the fatigue strength level is reduced. For the sizes of grains more than 100 mcm, basic influence on fatigue strength begins to pass to the solid solution hardening, which is determined by the state of solid solution of introduction. Originality. From the analysis of the obtained dependences it ensues that with the increase of ferrite grain size the required amount of mobile dislocations for maintenance of conditions for spreading plastic deformation becomes less dependent from the scheme of metal loading. Practical value. The obtained results present certain practical interest when developing of recommendations, directed on the increase of resource of products work from low-carbon steels in the conditions of cyclic loading. Estimation of separate contribution of the studied processes of structural changes with fatigue load allows one to choose a rational solution – to use the hardening effect from the ferrite alloying or to change the grain size of ferrite.

Energy efficiency determination of loading-back system of electric traction machines

Abstract: Purpose. Acceptance post-repair tests of electric traction machines are conducted on loading-back stands that reduce the overall power costs for the tests. Currently a number of possible circuit designs of loading-back systems of electric machines are known , but there is no method of determining their energy efficiency. This in turn makes difficult the choice of rational options . The purpose of the article is the development of the corresponding methodo-logy to make easier this process. Methodology . Expressions for determining the energy efficiency of a stand for testing of electric traction machines were obtained using the generalized scheme analysis of energy transformations in the loading-back systems of universal structure . Findings . The t echnique was offered and the analytical expressions for determining the energy efficiency of loading - back systems of electric traction machines were obtained . Energy efficiency coefficient of loading - back system is proposed to consider as the ratio of the total action energy of the mechanical and electromotive forces , providing anchors rotation and flow of current s in electric machines , which are being tested, to the total energy, consumed during the test from the external network. Originality. T he concept was introduced and the analytical determination method of the energy efficiency of loading-back system in electric traction machines was offered. It differs by efficiency availability of power sources and converters , as well as energy efficiency factors of indirect methods of loss compensation . Practical value. The proposed technique of energy efficiency estimation of a loading-back system can be used in solving the problem of rational options choice of schematics stands decisions for electric traction machines acceptance tests of main line and industrial transport .

Improvement of freight transportation process and their management mechanism

Abstract: Purpose. For Ukraine as for a post-socialist state there is an objective need of reforming on railway transport. In order to meet the requirements of consumers both within the country and outside of it, it is necessary to solve transport problems in time and to introduce new technologies, without lagging behind the developed European states. The purpose of this article is identification of problems in the process of freight transportations and development of ways of their overcoming, formation of the principles of economic efficiency increase for the use of freight cars using the improvement of management mechanism of freight transportations in the conditions of reforming. Methodology. Methods of strategic planning, system approach for research on improvement of the management mechanism of freight transportations, as well as the organizational-administrative method for structure of management construction were used in this research. Findings. Authors have explored the problems arising in the process of transportation of goods and measures, which will increase the efficiency of goods transportation. Advanced mechanism of freight transportation management for its application in the conditions of the railway transport reforming was developed. It is based on management centralization. Originality. The major factors, which slow down process of cargo transportations, are investigated in the article. The principles of management mechanism improvement of freight transportations are stated. They are based on association of commercial and car-repair activity of depots. All this will allow reducing considerably a car turn by decrease in duration of idle times on railway transport, increasing the speed of freight delivery and cutting down a transport component in the price of delivered production. Practical value. The offered measures will improve the efficiency of rolling stock use and increase cargo volumes turnover, promote links of Ukraine with neighboring countries.

Experimental Research of Dynamic Qualities of Freight Cars with Bogies of Different Designs

Abstract: Purpose. With the advent of new designs of freright cars the task of designing the more modern bogies, assessment of their dynamic properties depending on the type and structure of pecularities, accounting the axle loadings, providing the dynamic and running characteristics, meeting the conditions of impact on the track, stability, and frame forces intensity etc. becomes especially important. In order to launch the new production into manufacture and to assess the dynamic properties using different designs of bogies the running testes were conducted. They allowed one to compare the dynamic performance of the new bogie with the existing models. Methodology. The study was conducted using the method of numerical integration and mathematical modeling of dynamic loading of freight cars using the software package «Dynamics of Rail Vehicles» («DYNRAIL»). Findings. The results of studies of dynamic characteristics of open cars with new and worn wheels of bogie models 18-9771, 18-9770 and 18-578 in graphical and tabular form are presented. All figures are within the normative values and do not exceed the maximum admissible ones. Originality. When designing the bogie for loading 23.5 t/axle almost all available technical solutions to improve the characteristics of the freight car bogies (elastic bearers, cassette bearing in axle boxes, axle boxe adapter of original design, bilinear central spring suspension, etc.) were used. Practical value. As a result of the engineering works on projecting and manufacturing of the improved designs of freight car bogies a new design was received. It is highly competitive with the dynamic qualities of the best ones. Made choice of rational values of elastic-dissipative parameters of the bogie allows one to create standard series of running gears for freight cars for promising operating conditions. The results are of practical importance. They have found reflection in the number of author’s publications in special and semi-popular editions.

Methodology of determination of admissible speeds of train movement on difficult sections of railroad plan

Abstract: Purpose. Determination of improvement ways of admissible speeds of train movement on the difficult sections of а railroad plan. Methodology. Mathematical modeling of the train traffic is used to achieve the purpose of research. The average weighted speed and elevation of outer rail is predicted on this basis. Findings. The case analysis of the speeds determination in curved sections of track was carried out. The above mentioned track sections adversely affect the ride comfort and the intensity of the way disorder, as well as the reasons that contribute to the speed limits traffic on the railways of Ukraine. The technique of performing the calculations for determining the permissible train speeds was developed and tested on real curves of railways, were the accelerated movement of trains was introduced. Proposals on automate calculations in distances and services by way of determining the permissible speeds in curves were developed. Originality. Methodology of determining the permissible motion speeds and elevation of outer rails on the difficult sections of the railway plan was developed. This approach allows you to get a rational decisions on reorganization of plan based on local conditions. Practical value . The developed technique of definition of admissible speeds of motion in curves was implemented as a program DopShvid. The program was tested on real railway sections, where the accelerated train motion was introduced.

Research of approaches to increase the efficiency of functioning of railway transport subdivisions from the point of view of sustainable development

Abstract: Purpose. Modern transport systems are not stable and can not stand up to the destabilizing factors. Global track record in the economic and commercial management systems is the use of the concept of sustainable development. It is necessary on the basis of analysis of literary sources to define the directions of efficiency increase of functioning of railway transport subdivisions from the point of view of sustainable development. Methodology. To achieve the purpose the features of the use of sustainable development conception and its realization were investigated at a management of the complex systems. The existent models were also analyzed in the field of efficiency increase of functioning of railway transport subdivisions. Findings. On the basis of literary sources analysis, keeping up the conceptual essence of the sustainable development, the main directions of efficiency increase of subdivisions functioning were selected. They take into account the basic requirements of steady development and should be considered as a complex. Originality. New directions to consider the efficiency increase issues from position of sustainable development were offered by the author. Three components of conceptions of sustainable development (economic, ecological and social) should be examined in a balanced way. Thus, the above mentioned theoretical studies can promote the forming of new economy model corresponding to the purposes and principles of sustainable development. Practical value. The conducted analysis development confirms the necessity of researches on perspective directions of development of railway transport subdivisions, which are marked by the guidance of Ukrzaliznytsia. It enables to select basic directions for further research in the area of efficiency increase.

Influence of chemical compounds on the forming of welding arc

Abstract: Purpose. The purpose of work is a comparative analysis of chemical compounds influence on the process of forming arc welding and condition of its burning. Methodology. A wire with diameter 3 mm of low carbon steel with contain of carbon 0.15% was material for electrode. As chemical compounds, which determine the terms of arc welding forming the following compounds were used: kaolin; with admixtures of gypsum up to 60%; and with the iron concentration up to 50%. Researches were conducted using the direct electric current and arc of reverse polarity. As a source of electric current a welding transformer of type PSO-500n was used. On the special stand initial gap between the electrode and metal plate was 1-1.5 mm. The inter electrode space was filled with the probed chemical compound and the electric arc was formed. At the moment of arc forming the values of electric current and arc voltage were determined. After the natural break of electric arc, the final gap value between electrodes was accepted as a maximal value of arc length. Findings. Experimentally the transfer of metal in interelectrode space corresponded to the tiny drop mechanism. According to external signs the relation between maximal arc length and the power of electric current has the form of exponential dependence. Specific power of electric arc at the moment of arc forming per unit of its length characterizes the environment in the interelectrode space. Originality. 1) Based on the analysis of influence of the studied chemical compounds on the formation processes of electric arc the inversely proportional relationship between the power of the electric current and the maximum arc length until the moment of its natural break is defined. 2) Ratio between the maximal arc length and the power of electric current, with the sufficiently high coefficient of correlation is submitted to the exponential dependence. Influence of the compounds under study on the process of electric arc forming is determined using the indexes of degree of the above mentioned correlation. 3) The value of specific power of electric current at the moment of electric arc forming per unit of arc length can be accepted as the parameter, which characterizes the state of interelectrode space environment. Practical value. In the conditions of identical adjusting force of electric current the sequence of location of the studied compounds in the order of increase of their influence on the process of arcing is determined. Minimum influence is observed from kaolin, and maximal one – from .

Mathematical model development of heat and mass exchange processes in the outdoor swimming pool

Abstract: Purpose. Currently exploitation of outdoor swimming pools is often not cost-effective and, despite of their relevance, such pools are closed in large quantities. At this time there is no the whole mathematical model which would allow assessing qualitatively the effect of energy-saving measures. The aim of this work is to develop a mathematical model of heat and mass exchange processes for calculating basic heat and mass losses that occur during its exploitation. Methodology. The method for determination of heat and mass loses based on the theory of similarity criteria equations is used. Findings. The main types of heat and mass losses of outdoor pool were analyzed. The most significant types were allocated and mathematically described. Namely: by evaporation of water from the surface of the pool, by natural and forced convection, by radiation to the environment, heat consumption for water heating. Originality. The mathematical model of heat and mass exchange process of the outdoor swimming pool was developed, which allows calculating the basic heat and mass loses that occur during its exploitation. Practical value. The method of determining heat and mass loses of outdoor swimming pool as a software system was developed and implemented. It is based on the mathematical model proposed by the authors. This method can be used for the conceptual design of energy-efficient structures of outdoor pools, to assess their use of energy-intensive and selecting the optimum energy-saving measures. A further step in research in this area is the experimental validation of the method of calculation of heat losses in outdoor swimming pools with its use as an example the pool of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan. The outdoor pool, with water heating-up from the boiler room of the university, is operated year-round.

Upgrading of economic simulation methods for increasing efficiency of investments

Abstract: Purpose. Main aim of research is improving the investment`s efficiency of industrial`s enterprises and economic sectors. Methodology. Methodological approaches to estimation of investment`s efficiency are improved by means of insights and analysis methods as well as by the methods of mathematical and economic modeling. Findings. Efficient mechanism for estimation rational level of using of investments was created and tested. The approach allows defining rational dependence between basic components of investment process (increase of income, volume of involving investment and time of investment project realization). Originality. Authors developed new economic-mathematical approach with aim of rational using of financial resources during the period of capital deficit. Approach based on solving problem of multi-objective optimization by means of using of set function. Application of proposed approach is up-to-date because of unstable economic situation in Ukraine. Practical value. As a result of using the developed economic-mathematical approach the rational options of investment can be found. The approach provides an opportunity to analyze a large number of possible investment projects and reduce it to the most profitable for investor. Developed approach also can be used in forming process of principles of highly efficient national economy.

The results of the defect places investigation of donetsk railway road bed by ground penetrating radar complex

Abstract: Purpose. Defective places definition of road bed at ground penetrating radar is examined. Methodology. For achievement of this goal the experimental research on ground penetrating radar inspection of road bed defective places of the Donetsk Railway, which are caused by a complex of various reasons of geotechnical and constructive character, were conducted. Findings. According to these diagnostic results of road bed on the three districts of the Donetsk Railway is revealed the main causes which lead to the defects appearance, deformities and injuries in it, there is abuse of process parameters and modify its physic mechanical soil properties of natural and technology-related factors. As it is established, the use of ground penetrating radar of series “Losa” on the railways of Ukraine allows searching ballast tank in the body of road bed, defining damp places in soil road bed and foundations, to find arrangement of foreign matter in the soil road bed and work search heterogeneity and places weakening soil. In addition, the use of ground penetrating radar provides rapid detection of defects, deformation and damage of railway track, especially in areas the most dangerous for rolling stock that creates the high level security at the main and auxiliary lines of Ukrzaliznytsia. In conducting the research was justified the high level of reliability and performance with autonomous use of ground penetrating radar. Originality. In modern conditions of defects determination, deformations and damages by traditional methods with application of engineering-geological investigations, it is impossible in connection with their insufficient efficiency. Therefore the using of highly effective methodology of expeditious tool identification of defective places allows reducing significantly the periods of repair of a railway track which is very important for introduction of the highspeed movement on the Ukrainian Railways. Practical value. On the basis of the executed investigations the main actions for defects elimination, deformations and damages which consist in the device of counter dams, the draining sections, the augercast and augured piles are offered.

Determination of friction performance influence in the system "body–bogie" on the freight car dynamics

Abstract: Purpose. The main requirements for the design of a new generation of cars, according to the Program of rolling stock renovation, are the requirements reducing the operating costs and increasing the cost-effectiveness of their use, taking into account the achievements of scientific and technical thought. Due to the urgency of this subject the paper is devoted to the study of the friction coefficient influence in the bearing connection « center plate – center bowl – bearers » of freight cars on their main dynamic parameters – coefficients of horizontal and vertical dynamics, body acceleration, frame strength, derailment stability factor. Methodology. The study was conducted by numerical integration and mathematical modeling of the freight car dynamic loading using the software package «Dynamics of Rail Vehicles» («DYNRAIL»). Findings . Investigations have shown that the safety movement parameters are influenced by both the friction parameters in bearing connection « center plate – center bowl – bearers » of freight cars in empty and loaded state with bogies TSNII-X3 (model 18-100). Effect have other components of freight car dynamics, namely: radii of curved track sections, height of outer rail, etc. Originality. The author investigated the friction influence on the car dynamic loading using new approaches to solving the problem of predicting the rolling stock dynamics. Prediction was carried out on the basis of significantly updated theoretical material that covers all history of the friction theory and includes the results of recent experimental studies because of the speed on the straights and curves of small-and medium-range sections of the road. Practical value. The obtained results have practical orientation. During the research and after modeling with the improved method of accounting of friction processes dependencies of main dynamic parameters of a four-freight gondola on the value of the friction coefficient in the "body – bogie" with regard to speed were obtained. The results of scientific studies have found their scientific use in a number of author publications in the special scientific and popular publications.

Strategic management of transport cargo complex

Abstract: Purpose. Making the qualitative administrative decisions defining strategy and tactics of transport cargo complexes development, and also its subsystems, is possible only in the presence of flexible optimization model. This model has to consider multiparametricity and multicriteriality of the given task, uncertainty and vagueness of input information, and also to provide process automation of searching the best parameters of the given production facility. The purpose of the research is to develop procedures for the strategic management of complex with view of the most important factors and their stochastic nature, which will execute the improvement of technical equipment of TCC. Methodology. The problem of strategic management is based on solving the complex of issues of the optimal number of shunting locomotives, optimal processing capability of handling the front and rational capacity of warehouses. The problem is solved on the basis of the proposed optimality criterion – the specific set of profit per unit of capital assets of freight industry. The listed problems are solved using simulation modeling of the freight industry. Findings. The use of developed procedure allows one to improve the technical equipment of the freight stations and complexes. Originality. For the first time it was developed the procedure of strategic management of development. This procedure allows taking into account the probabilistic nature of demand for services of transport freight complexes and technological processes of client services on the complex stations. The proposed procedure can be applied during when planning the investments in the creation of transport freight complexes. Practical value. Use as a basic tool of simulation models of complex cargo operation allows estimating the effectiveness of the capital investments, the level of operating costs, as well as the quality of meeting the demands of potential customers in transportations at the stage of transport cargo complex.

Organization of freight transportation in Ukraine in the reformation condtions

Abstract: Purpose. Each country of the former Soviet Union carries out railroad industry reformation according to different models depending on orienting points and the goals it establishes. All railway administrations have faced the problem of considerable reduction of freight and passenger transportation volumes, aging of main assets, lack of investments for their renovation. The purpose of the paper is the development of optimal management structure of freight cars in conditions of railway transport reformation. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis for research is a systematic analysis of problems of providing the competitiveness of the transport industry in the field of freight railway transportations, theoretical principles of economics in the production efficiency, market economics transformation and management of the national economy. Findings. The author has developed an improved mechanism for freight traffic management, which differs from the existing one by its adaptation to the conditions of industry being reformed and the organization of management companies. These companies together with the Ukrainian transport and logistics center centralize management of all freight cars of both domestic and foreign operating companies. Originality. Author presents the theoretical generalization and new solution of the scientific problem. It appears in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the management structure of the freight cars by operating companies in conditions of railway transport reforming through the management companies organization in Ukraine. The above mentioned companies will combine two types of activity – the commercial one and the cars repair of different property, it will reduce car turnover, stay time of rolling stock in the inoperative park and thereby improve the efficiency of freight transportations. Particularly, they will lease and have the right to dispose universal cars of domestic operating companies and special cars and trains - routes of domestic and foreign operating companies on a contractual basis. Practical value. The author has proposed directions of freight cars management. Their rational use will significantly improve the utilization rates of railway rolling stock and operating companies.

The feminine and masculine archetypes in the structure of a pagon myth

Abstract: The aim of the article is to reveal peculiarities of the formation of feminine and masculine archetypes in a pagon myth; to substantiate, how male and female bodies change into archetypes; to analyze peculiarities of the archetypes' influence on stereotype formation in the mythological consciousness of our ancestors. Methods and approaches. To understand gender symbolical and imaginative sphere of culture of great importance is K. G. Yung's theory of archetypes. Historical and philosophical understanding of theoretic gender representation is possible owing to methods of feminist cultural criticism. To investigate specific features of archetypes' influence on the gender stereotype formation in mythological consciousness of our ancestors the theory of ethnoarchetype developed by V. F. Yatchenko is also valuable. Scientific novelty. It is proved, that the mythological consciousness of Ukrainian ancestors and their archetypes had no strictly fixed social status. The transformation into patriarchal male and female stereotypes was influenced by the essentialistic establishments which defined man's social role as a leading one and a woman's one as of minor importance. The social and cultural secondary role of woman was softened by female mystic charisma, based on the ability to give birth and to be mother of every living being. In the Ukrainian culture this role was embodied in the sacral archetype of the Mother-Land, which led to complimentary attitude of national philosophy to feminine concept. With the help of historical, philosophical and gender scientific methods the original material was analysed, which helped to discover the particularities of gender stereotypes influence on the formation of vision in the Ukrainian philosophy. Conclusion. The analysis given in this article proves that the archetypes of Anima and Animus as sensually perceived culture – ontological transcendent reality, being psychological immanent reality, were reflections of the objectively existing structures of being, combination of real and ideal, space and mental. In the structure of the mythological consciousness they existed as unperceived but determinant factors of the material world praphenomenon of being. They often produce their influence on the modern cultural life of Ukrainian people in the forms of stereotype notions about the feminine and masculine concepts.

Directions for the development of domestic tourism in ukraine

Abstract: Purpose. Each country of the world pays great attention to the development of tourism in the country, since a significant part of revenues comprises the revenues from providing the tourist services. Ukraine faced the problem of a significant reduction in the volume of tourist flows, aging of capital fund, lack of investments for its renovation. Purpose of the article is to develop an optimal control mechanism of tourist flows, justifying the need for the development of inbound and domestic tourism. Methodology. A system analysis of the competitiveness problem of the tourism industry in the area of passenger rail transportations, theoretical principles of economics in the field of domestic tourism efficiency and management of tourist flows are the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. Findings. The authors developed an improved mechanism for managing tourist flows. It differs from the existing one by the expansion of services for tourists in the territory of Ukraine. The development analysis of inbound and domestic tourism, restoration narrow-gauge railways, as well as the creation of special tourist trains were proposed. As a result the following objectives should be achieved: 1) increase in the share of tourism and resorts in the structure of gross domestic product up to the level of developed countries; 2) the number of employees in tourism and resorts equal to the level of developed countries; 3) increase in total number of rooms in hotels and other certified accommodation facilities up to the level of developed countries; 4) creation of the effective system of monitoring the quality of tourist services; 5) creating an investment climate to attract the investments into development of the tourism, engineering, transport and communal infrastructure; 6) improvement of tourists safety, providing effective protection of their rights, legal interests and property. Originality. The author presented the theoretical generalization and new solution of the scientific problem. They lie in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to justification of the organization of tourist rail transportations and activization of measures to realize the project to restore the effective functioning of the mountain railways with 750 mm width in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, with the possibility to incorporate them to the extensive international tourism network. Practical value. The rational measures according to the directions of tourism flows management proposed by the author will significantly increase the country revenues from tourism.

Estimation of irreversible damageability at fatigue of carbon steel

Abstract: Purpose. Damageability estimation of carbon steel in the conditions of cyclic loading. Methodology. The steel fragments of railway wheel rim and rail head served as material for research with chemical composition 0.65 % С, 0.67 % Mn, 0.3 % Si, 0.027 % P, 0.028 % S и 0.7 % C, 0.82 % Mn, 0.56 % Si, 0.025 % P, 0.029 % S accordingly. The microstructure of tested steels corresponded to the state of metal after a hot plastic deformation. The fatigue research was conducted in the conditions of symmetric bend using the proof-of-concept machine of type «Saturn-10». Full Wohler diagrams and the lines corresponding to forming of sub-and micro cracks were constructed. The distribution analysis of internal stresses in the metal under cyclic loading was carried out using the microhardness tester of PMT-3 type. Findings. On the basis of fatigue curves for high-carbon steels analysis the positions of borders dividing the areas of convertible and irreversible damages were determined. The article shows that with the growth of carbon concentration in the steel at invariability of the structural state an increase of fatigue limit is observed. At the same time the acceleration of processes, which determine transition terms from the stage of forming of submicrocracks to the microcracks occurs. The research of microhardness distribution in the metal after destruction confirmed the nature of carbon amount influence on the carbon steel characteristics. Originality. Regardless on the stages of breakdown site forming the carbon steels behavior at a fatigue is determined by the ration between the processes of strengthening and softening. At a cyclic loading the heterogeneity of internal stresses distribution decreases with the increase of distance from the destruction surface. Analysis of metal internal restructuring processes at fatigue loading made it possible to determine that at the stages prior to incubation period in the metal microvolumes the cells are already exist with inhomogeneous position of crystalline structure defects and, primarily, dislocations. Practical value. Increase of carbon content from 0.65 to 0.7%, in the conditions of cyclic loading of steel with the structure of lamellar pearlite is accompanied by the fatigue durability increase approximately on 40%. The increase of carbon content in steel accelerates transition from the stage of forming the convertible damages of internal structure to irreversible ones that is confirmed by the increase of angular coefficient of French curves.