Showing papers by "Drexel University published in 1979"
TL;DR: This work reports the derivation and characterisation of two additional cell lines from primary liver carcinomas which retain the capacity to synthesise many human plasma proteins, including both albumin and α-fetoprotein (AFP), and presents evidence that HBsAg synthesis and secretion in this cell line are correlated with the growth state of the culture.
Abstract: A significant aspect of primary hepatic carcinoma in man is the high positive correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma with infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV)1. Analysis of the relationship between HBV infection and oncogenesis is difficult because natural infection with HBV is limited to man and experimental infection has been achieved only in chimpanzees and gibbons. Furthermore, because HBV has not been successfully propagated in cell culture, basic study of virus-cell interaction of the aetiological agent of one of the most widespread infections of man has been impossible. Recently, however, a cell line (PLC/PRF/5) derived from a human hepatoma biopsy was described which produces the HRV surface antigen (HBsAg) and so provides a tool for the experimental investigation of HBV in viro. We now report the derivation and characterisation of two additional cell lines primary liver carcinomas. In contrast to the PLC/PRF/5 cell line, these cell lines retain the capacity to synthesise many human plasma proteins, including both albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). One of these lines also produces BHsAg. We also present evidence that HBsAg synthesis and secretion in this cell line are correlated with the growth state of the culture. This finding is in contrast to the continuous HBsAg production found in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line.
1,256 citations
TL;DR: This article found that six variables describing family atmosphere during childhood (mother's selfconfidence, father's deviance, parental aggressiveness, maternal affection, parental conflict, and supervision) have an important impact on subsequent behavior.
Abstract: Records collected during childhood and coded prior to knowledge of adult behavior provided information about the childhood homes of 201 men. Thirty years later, information about criminal behavior was collected from court records. Multiple regression and discriminant function analyses indicate that six variables describing family atmosphere during childhood--mother's selfconfidence, father's deviance, parental aggressiveness, maternal affection, parental conflict, and supervision--have an important impact on subsequent behavior.
447 citations
TL;DR: Increased central nervous system mediated adrenergic activity and cardiovascular response in labile hypertension and also in some normotensive subjects with a genetic risk for hypertension are demonstrated.
Abstract: The hemodynamic response to mental stress (mental arithmetic) was studied in adolscents with varying risk factors for essential hypertension (EH), One group (genetic) consisted of normotensive well adolescents who had at least one parentnt with EH. Another group (labile) consisted of adolescents with labile hypertension each of whom also had at least one pare with EH. The control population consisted of normotensive adolescents with a negative family history of EH. Subjects with labile hypertension demonstrated a sustained increase in systolic and diastolic pressure and heart rate during stress. This response was significantly different than the control population (P less than THE CONTROL POPULATION (P LESS THAN 0.001). The stress response of the normotensive genetic population was qualitatively similar to the group with labile hypertension and significantly different than the controls in diastolic pressure and heart rate (p less than 0.001, less than 0.02). Post-stress plasma catecholamines were higher in the labile hypertensive and genetic groups than in the control group. These findings demonstrate increased central nervous system mediated adrenergic activity and cardiovascular response in labile hypertension and also in some normotensive subjects with a genetic risk for hypertension.
447 citations
TL;DR: The proposed guidelines are based on an analysis of retrospective studies that suggest that radiotherapy should be the primary mode of treatment and that surgery should be reserved for situations in which radiotherapy fails or where there is bony compression or spinal instability.
Abstract: An overview of the current status of various aspects of spinal metastasis, including pathology, diagnosis, and management is presented. The cell type of the tumor, particularly with reference to its radiosensitivity, seems to be positively correlated with treatment outcome, regardless of the treatment modality. Because pretreatment neurological status also seems to influence prognosis, early identification of spinal involvement in patients at risk is important; therefore, a high index of suspicion in patients known to have cancer is necessary. The most useful warning of impending spinal cord or nerve root compression is spinal or radicular pain, which usually precedes neurological deficit by days to years. An aggressive diagnostic evaluation of pain symptoms is therefore warranted; this should include plain spine films and, in questionable cases, radioisotope bone scan. Myelography should also be considered in any cancer patient with persistent spinal or radicular pain, even in the absence of neurological deficit and certainly if there is any neurological impairment. Therapeutically, radiation and surgery continue as the mainstays of management, whereas steroids and chemotherapy serve as adjuvants. The guidelines for management recommended in this paper are to be viewed as tentative because the ideal treatment for spinal metastasis has not been established. The proposed guidelines are based on an analysis of retrospective studies that suggest that radiotherapy should be the primary mode of treatment and that surgery should be reserved for situations in which radiotherapy fails or where there is bony compression or spinal instability. Cases are presented to illustrate the application of these guidelines. (Neurosurgery, 5: 726--746, 1979).
338 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the flow stress of Ni3(Al, Nb) single crystals has been measured as a function of orientation in the temperature range 77 to 910 K. The flow stress behavior is similar to that observed in other Ni3Al-based alloys, but the absolute value of the stress was found to be much higher.
Abstract: The flow stress of Ni3(Al, Nb) single crystals has been measured as a function of orientation in the temperature range 77 to 910 K. While the increasing flow stress behavior is similar to that observed in other Ni3Al-based alloys, the absolute value of the stress was found to be much higher. Also, the effect of orientation changes was to produce much greater changes in the temperature at which the peak flow stress occurs than has been previously observed. The operative slip systems were analyzed by two surface slip trace analysis. Primary octahedral slip was found to be predominant at temperatures below the peak stress temperature, while primary cube slip is prevalent above the peak temperature. The anomalous increase in the flow stress of Ni3(Al, Nb) with increasing temperature is generally consistent with the thermally activated cross-slip of a/2 dislocations from {111} planes onto {100} planes. The cross-slip is shown to be aided not only be the resolved shear stress on the {100} cross-slip plane but also by the stress tending to constrict the a/ Shockley partial dislocations on the primary glide plane.
278 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the phospholipids at the alveolar/air interface exhibit both thermodynamic (equilibrium) and kinetic forces during the course of a respiratory cycle.
240 citations
153 citations
TL;DR: Two hundred years ago, Bernard Peyrilhe of Perpignan, France, believing that cancer might be caused by “a specific virus,” injected subcutaneously, into a dog, fluid from a human breast carcinoma, and now viruses as etiological agents in cancer are known to be commonplace.
Abstract: Two hundred years ago, Bernard Peyrilhe of Perpignan, France, believing that cancer might be caused by “a specific virus,”* injected subcutaneously, into a dog, fluid from a human breast carcinoma. This was 25 years before Edward Jenner inoculated an 8-year-old boy with “matter from cow-pox vesicles” which successfully protected him against a later inoculation with smallpox virus. Although the experiment of Peyrilhe was itself not successful, the idea was kept alive in the minds of a few investigators until the present century, and now viruses as etiological agents in cancer are known to be commonplace.
145 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that endotracheally and intravenously administered epinephrine rapidly reach maximum blood levels although there are differences in kinetics between the two routes.
Abstract: The blood levels of epinephrine and its metabolites which were obtained when the drug was given by both the intravenous (IV) and endotracheal (ET) routes were compared. Anesthetized dogs were subjected to radioactive epinephrine in doses of 0.005, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/kg administered both intravenously and endotracheally. Blood levels were obtained at 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 5, 10 and 30 minutes following injection and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The maximum measured concentration following IV injection was observed at 15 seconds. Epinephrine was rapidly metabolized with 20% of the original concentration detected at 5 minutes following IV injection. When the drug was given by the ET route, the maximum measured concentration was similarly observed at 15 seconds. Following ET installation, initial blood concentrations are sustained over a much longer period of time and 80% of the initial concentration was detected at 5 minutes. Maximum concentrations are approximately one-tenth of those achieved with an equal IV dosage. It is concluded that endotracheally and intravenously administered epinephrine rapidly reach maximum blood levels although there are differences in kinetics between the two routes.
136 citations
TL;DR: The kinetic analysis of human serum showed no difference in the rate of angiotensin formation, at comparable substrate levels, in sera from normotensive people and patients with essential hypertension.
131 citations
TL;DR: A competence-building model of primary prevention was evaluated on 131 inner-city black nursery and kindergarten children over a two-year period as mentioned in this paper, and the major question is whether enhancing interpersonal cognitive problem solving skills of four and five-year-olds could improve inhibited and impulsive behaviors when they already exist, and prevent them from emerging when they do not.
Abstract: A competence‐building model of primary prevention was evaluated on 131 inner‐city black nursery and kindergarten children over a two year period. The major question is whether enhancing interpersonal cognitive problem solving (ICPS) skills of four‐and five‐year‐olds could improve inhibited and impulsive behaviors when they already exist, and prevent them from emerging when they do not. Findings suggest that ICPS training does reduce and prevent such behaviors, that the ICPS and behavioral impact of such programming lasts at least one full year following intervention, and that for youngsters not trained in nursery, kindergarten is not too late. However, more children do begin kindergarten at a better behavioral van‐tagepoint if lCPS‐programming is implemented a year earlier, in nursery.
TL;DR: Sera from 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and active central nervous system dysfunction were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for antibodies to neuronal membrane determinants, suggesting a predominant brain-specificity for IgG antibodies and partial lymphocyte cross-reactivity for IgM antibodies.
Abstract: Sera from 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and active central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for antibodies to neuronal membrane determinants. Warm-reactive IgG antibodies were demonstrable in 82% (9/11) of patients with clinical evidence for seizures or diffuse CNS disease, but these antibodies generally were absent in non-CNS SLE sera or when focal neurologic deficit or psychosis was the primary CNS manifestation. Cold-reactive antibodies of the IgM class were equally prevalent in patients with or without CNS disease and appeared to be more directly correlated with extra-CNS systemic illness. Absorption experiments with lymphocytes, brain homogenate, and various other tissues suggested a predominant brain-specificity for IgG antibodies and partial lymphocyte cross-reactivity for IgM antibodies. Interpretations of this special association between IgG anti-brain antibodies and diffuse CNS dysfunction in SLE are discussed.
TL;DR: Although M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography had a similar ability to detect actual vegetations, two- dimensions were superior to M- modes in diagnosing complications of the destructive process.
Abstract: M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of infectious endocarditis and its complications was reviewed. In 21 consecutive patients with clinical endocarditis, 22 valves were involved (12 aortic, 5 mitral and 5 tricuspid). M-mode echocardiography detected vegetations in 10 patients (four aortic, two mitral and four tricuspid) and detected complications of endocarditis in 2 patients (one aortic root abscess and one flail aortic cusp). Two-dimensional echocardiography detected vegetations in 9 patients (four aortic, one mitral and four tricuspid) and detected complications in ten patients (five flail aortic cusps, one aortic root abscess, one sinus on Valsalva aneurysm, two flail mitral leaflets and one flail tricuspid valve). Thus, although M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography had a similar ability to detect actual vegetations, two-dimensional echocardiography was superior to M-mode echocardiography in diagnosing complications of the destructive process.
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: It was found that anesthetic drugs and alcohol increased the calcium- and caffeine-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Abstract: A new method is introduced which allows the study of calcium-induced calcium release from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. Results obtained with this method are in agreement with those obtained by previous investigators using skinned muscle fiber. It was also found that anesthetic drugs and alcohol increased the calcium- and caffeine-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the applicability and applicability of the CYANOBOROHYDRIDE method in the field of organics. But they do not discuss the application of the method in other fields.
TL;DR: Cases are still too few to resolve either the pathophysiology, prognosis, or even to guess at the true frequency of the glucagonoma syndrome.
Abstract: The glucagonoma syndrome is another of those systemic disorders in which skin manifestations provide a clue to the diagnosis. The patient will most often be a middle-aged woman who has the characteristic, indolent skin lesions in the face of diabetes mellitus and additional features to suggest an occult carcinoma. Marked elevation of the levels of plasma glucagon should confirm the suspicion cure of the skin lesions follows cure of the tumor. Two lines of speculation seem promising. Either the initial event is an overproduction of glucagon and all other observations follow. Or the syndrome is another of the polyendocrine disorders. Cases are still too few to resolve either the pathophysiology, prognosis, or even to guess at the true frequency of the syndrome.
TL;DR: The redistribution of optic collaterals after early destruction of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus serves to increase neuron numbers in the NOT and SC, comparable to the results in nonmammals after transplantation of additional peripheral organs.
Abstract: After unilateral lesions of the posterior cerebral cortex at birth, the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus disappears within 96 hours. Several of the remaining visual centers may be distorted, atrophic or hypertrophic. Examples of the last are the ipsilateral nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) and superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC), which usually show a volume increase. In order to determine changes in neuron numbers in these two regions, we exposed rats to 3H-thymidine on specific embryonic days. Some of these rats received posterior cortical lesions on the day of birth and others served as controls. Counts from adult rats exposed to 3H-thymidine on embryonic days 13 and 14 reveal a significant increase in the number of labeled neurons in both the NOT and SC on the side of the lesion. The retinal projections in rats with posterior lesions at birth were determined by the application of silver degeneration methods after eye removal. Atypical optic projections are found to the lateral posterior nucleus and the NOT on the side of the lesion. We conclude that the redistribution of optic collaterals after early destruction of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus serves to increase neuron numbers in the NOT and SC. Therefore, the present findings are comparable to the results in nonmammals after transplantation of additional peripheral organs.
TL;DR: C cultured epithelial cells may provide an exploitable model system to investigate at the cellular and subcellular levels, the mechanism by which cyclic AMP modifies water and solute movements across epithelia.
Abstract: Certain epithelial cell lines have morphologic, physiologic, biochemical and pharmacologic characteristics of transporting epithelia from intact organs. In this paper we show that dibutyryl cyclic AMP, 5' AMP, adenosine and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors stimulate hemicyst formation by the dog kidney cell line MDCK. It is suggested that this effect is explained by elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels by means of an exogenous non-metabolizable source of cyclic AMP, phosphodiesterase inhibition or adenyl cyclase stimulation. Since hemicyst formation is in part due to transepithelial fluid transport, these findings raise the possibility that this fraction might be modulated by cAMP in an established cell line. We believe that cultured epithelial cells may provide an exploitable model system to investigate at the cellular and subcellular levels, the mechanism by which cyclic AMP modifies water and solute movements across epithelia.
TL;DR: The cell-mediated immune defects detected in this study may play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital CMV infection.
Abstract: Cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was determined in congenitally infected children and their mothers by use of assays for CMV-specific lymphocyte blastogenesis and interferon production. Six viruric children responded poorly in both assays. Two older nonviruric children responded in the blastogenesis assay, and lymphocytes from one of them produced interferon. Mothers of older children usually responded in the blastogenesis assay, but only one of them produced interferon. Mothers whose infected infants were younger than nine months of age responded poorly in both assays, while control seropositive postpartum women generally responded normally. The cellmediated immune defects detected in this study may play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital CMV infection. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs in 0.5%-2.0% of all newborns, and at least 5%-10% of those infected will suffer neurological damage [1]. Virus excretion persists for several
TL;DR: The maximum fractional area covered by circular disks on a two-dimensional membrane is estimated, using a computer simulation with periodic boundary conditions, because the correspondence with particles in a biological membrane has implications for membrane biogenesis.
Abstract: THE apparently simple problems of (1) how many short lines (‘cars’) of the same length can be randomly placed (‘parked’) in non-overlapping fashion on a line (‘street’); (2) how many squares (Fig. 1) or disks (Fig. 2) of the same size can be randomly placed in an area without overlapping; (3) how many solid spheres (atoms) can be randomly packed in a given volume, are of interest from both physical and mathematical points of view, and occur in various situations1. Our interest in the two-dimensional problem arises from a computer simulation2,3 of particles in cell membranes. When the membrane bilayer is split into two leaflets by freeze-fracture method4 and an area of the split membrane is visualised by electron microscopy, then the embedded membrane particles (believed to be predominantly proteinaceous) are seen as circular shapes. In natural membranes the unaggregated particles seem to be random in position, and the areal density of the particles may be high. It seems that nature has provided us with a two-dimensional example of (nearly) maximum random parking. Hence we have estimated the maximum fractional area covered by circular disks on a two-dimensional membrane, using a computer simulation with periodic boundary conditions. The correspondence with particles in a biological membrane has implications for membrane biogenesis.
TL;DR: Since the sites of respiratory modulated neuronal activity (identified electrophysiologically) have not been demonstrated to be isomorphic with these anatomical structures, the populations of respiratory neurons found in the vicinity of the vlNTS, rNRA and NPBM will be referred to as the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)Z, ~, and ventral respiratory group [VRG]Z, and pneumotaxic center (PC) 4, respectively.
TL;DR: The change in character of practice in cancer management with ever increasing numbers of patients receiving both radiation therapy and chemotherapy should alert physicians to the potential for increased incidence of this rare and unusual tumor.
Abstract: Historically, the literature reveals that the incidence of radiation induced bone sarcomas is very low. Details related to epidemiology cannot be identified, however, because of the difficulty of identifying precisely the patient population at risk for development of the radiation induced sarcoma. The change in character of practice in cancer management with ever increasing numbers of patients receiving both radiation therapy and chemotherapy should alert physicians to the potential for increased incidence of this rare and unusual tumor.
TL;DR: A marked sensitivity to angiotensin II of the resistance vessels of the human placental vasculature is suggested and further tends to support the theory that circulating fetal angiotENSin II may contribute to the maintenance of placental vascular tone in humans.
TL;DR: Although the major categories of orientation selective cells were similar for both cat and rabbit, many differences emerged: tuning of orientation selectivity was narrower in cats than in rabbits; units which preferred oblique orientations were less frequently represented in rabbits than in cats; and orientation preferences appeared to be arranged in cluster in rabbit cortex.
Abstract: Receptive field characteristics of single cells in primary visual cortex of rabbit were studied. Seventy-two percent of cells were found to be orientation selective, and the remainder had concentric, uniform, movement selective or pure direction selective receptive fields. Single cells were also recorded from primary visual cortex of cat to permit a comparison of visual cortical organization in cats and rabbits. Laminar organization of receptive field types was observed in rabbits which was similar in most respects to that described in the cat. Although the major categories of orientation selective cells (simple, complex, hypercomplex) were similar for both cat and rabbit, many differences emerged: (I) tuning of orientation selectivity was narrower in cats than in rabbits; (II) units which preferred oblique orientations were less frequently represented in rabbits than in cats; (III) orientation preferences appeared to be arranged in cluster in rabbit cortex; in rabbits we found no evidence of the columnar organization of orientation selectivity which characterizes cat visual cortex.
A comparison of our data with those previously reported for mouse, rat, hamster and opossum visual cortex suggest that mammals in which a significant proportion of visual cortical cells are not orientation selective have in common certain patterns of cortical organization involving a less precise and less specialized representation of stimulus orientation.
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared vibrational spectra of the FeO, NiO, and CoO molecules have been observed in Ar matrices at 14 K. The derived vibrational constants are: w e = 880.02 ± 1.2 and w e x e = 3.47 ± 0.6 cm −1 for 56 Fe 16 O; we = 837.61 ± 1, w e e = 5.92 ± 0, 0.1 and we x e= 3.65 ± 0., 0.2, respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that the intensity correlation function could be an important tool in the study of atomic cooperative behavior because it contains predominantly components at 0, $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\ensuremath{\Omega}$ in the limit of large Rabi frequency and large cooperation number.
Abstract: We suggest that the intensity correlation function could be an important tool in the study of atomic cooperative behavior because it contains predominantly components at 0, $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\ensuremath{\Omega}$ in the limit of large Rabi frequency ($2\ensuremath{\Omega}$) and large cooperation number. This is in contrast with the single-atom prediction where the intensity correlation function contains only frequency components at 0, $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\ensuremath{\Omega}$. The master equation for the collective system is solved analytically in the secular approximation.
TL;DR: Vaginal flora was studied quantitatively in 29 sexually active women, 16 to 33 years of age, to define the role of C. vaginale in vaginitis and find out which women have easily collectable secretions and which have scant secretions.
TL;DR: In this article, the temperature distribution in solid crystalline hydrogen is shown to be governed by the essentially nonlinear diffusion equation, and exact solutions to initial-value boundary-value problems of current experimental interest are derived and reported.
Abstract: On the basis of recent empirical data, the temperature distribution in solid crystalline hydrogen is shown to be governed by the essentially nonlinear diffusion equation $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\theta}}{\ensuremath{\partial}t}=D{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{2}{\ensuremath{
abla}}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}$ in which there appears the dimensionless variable $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\equiv}{[1+{(\frac{T}{{T}_{c}})}^{4}]}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ with the constants $D$ and ${T}_{c}$ dependent on the ortho-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ percentile. It is observed that this governing equation can be transformed to an equivalent linear diffusion equation for situations with one-dimensional spatial symmetry. By utilizing this remarkable linear-theoretic correspondence, exact solutions to initial-value boundary-value problems of current experimental interest are derived and reported here.
TL;DR: The size and appearance of the descending aorta in different types of cardiovascular disease, including aortic aneurysm, in 80 patients are described and it is anticipated that two dimensional echocardiography will prove to be a useful method of studying patients with aortsic disease.
Abstract: Two dimensional echocardiography was used to identify the descending thoracic aorta in 106 subjects. In 12 of these subjects, contrast injection techniques were used to identify this structure as it descended posteriorly adjacent to the atrioventricular groove. The course of the descending thoracic aorta was mapped using both the long axis and transverse axis views. The normal descending thoracic aorta (26 subjects) measures 10 ±1.4 mm / m 2 during diastole. Unusual M mode echocardiographic patterns of the descending aorta may be confused with other disease states; they are clarified with the two dimensional study. The size and appearance of the descending aorta in different types of cardiovascular disease, including aortic aneurysm, in 80 patients are described. It is anticipated that two dimensional echocardiography will prove to be a useful method of studying patients with aortic disease.