Dublin City University

About: Dublin City University is a education organization based out in Dublin, Ireland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Machine translation & Laser. The organization has 5904 authors who have published 17178 publications receiving 389376 citations. The organization is also known as: National Institute for Higher Education, Dublin & DCU.

Large deviations, the shape of the loss curve, and economies of scale in large multiplexers

Abstract: We analyse the queueQ L at a multiplexer withL inputs. We obtain a large deviation result, namely that under very general conditions $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{L \to \infty } L^{ - 1} \log P\left[ {Q^L > Lb} \right] = - I(b)$$ provided the offered load is held constant, where the shape functionI is expressed in terms of the cumulant generating functions of the input traffic. This provides an improvement on the usual effective bandwidth approximation $$P\left[ {Q^L > b} \right] \approx e^{ - \delta b}$$ replacing it with $$P\left[ {Q^L > b} \right] \approx e^{ - LI(b/L)}$$ , The differenceI(b)−δb determines the economies of scale which are to be obtained in large multiplexers. If the limit $$ u = - \lim _{t \to \infty } t\lambda _t (\delta )$$ exists (here λt, is the finite time cumulant of the workload process) then $$\lim _{b \to \infty } (I(b) - \delta b) = u$$ . We apply this idea to a number of examples of arrivals processes: heterogeneous superpositions, Gaussian processes, Markovian additive processes and Poisson processes. We obtain expressions forv in these cases,v is zero for independent arrivals, but positive for arrivals with positive correlations. Thus ecconomies of scale are obtainable for highly bursty traffic expected in ATM multiplexing.

Children's experiences of hospitalization.

Abstract: This article reports on children's experiences of hospitalization. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 11 children aged between seven and 14 years from four paediatric units in England. The children identified a range of fears and concerns, which included: separation from parents and family; unfamiliar environment; investigations and treatments; and loss of self-determination. The children's loss of self-determination over personal needs exacerbated their fears and concerns. It needs to be recognized that compliance with hospital routines is a variable, which influences children's reaction to hospitalization. The findings clearly indicate that children need adequate information tailored to their needs, that their views are sought in the planning and delivery of their care and that hospital environments need to be made more child-centred. Interventions designed to reduce children's stress during hospitalization are not only likely to decrease their stress at the time, but also likely to influence how future experiences are appraised and managed.

Wireless sensor networks and chemo-/biosensing.

Abstract: 3.4.5. Example 5: Volcanic Activity 658 3.4.6. Example 6: Soil Moisture 659 3.5. Discussion and Conclusions 659 4. Body Sensor Networks 661 4.1. Wearable Sensors 661 4.2. Functionalized Fabrics 662 4.2.1. Metal Fibers 662 4.2.2. Conductive Inks 662 4.2.3. Inherently Conducting Polymers 662 4.2.4. Optical Fibers 662 4.2.5. Coating with Nanoparticles 662 4.2.6. Integrated Components 663 4.2.7. Wearable Actuators 663 4.2.8. Interconnects and Infrastructure 664 4.3. Applications of Wearable Sensors 665 4.4. Wearable Chemosensing 667 4.5. Applications in Personalized (p)Health 668 4.6. Conclusions 670 5. Materials SciencesThe Future 670 5.1. Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip Devices 670 5.2. Controlling Liquid Movement in Surfaces and on Channels 671