Dublin City University

About: Dublin City University is a education organization based out in Dublin, Ireland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Machine translation. The organization has 5904 authors who have published 17178 publications receiving 389376 citations. The organization is also known as: National Institute for Higher Education, Dublin & DCU.

Optical chemical sensors.

Abstract: Optical chemical sensors have been the focus of much research attention in recent years because of their importance in industrial, environmental and biomedical applications [1]. This class of sensors combines chemical and biological recognition with advances in optoelectronic technologies. The application of solgel materials to these sensors, especially in the form of thin films, has attracted considerable interest due to the ease of fabrication and design flexibility of the process. The nature of the sol-gel process lends itself very well to the deposition of thin films using a variety of techniques such as dip-coating, spin-coating and spraying. In many sensor applications, the sol-gel film is used to provide a micro-porous support matrix in which analyte-sensitive molecules are entrapped and into which smaller analyte species may diffuse and interact [2,3]. Sol-gel films have many advantages as support matrices over polymer supports, including, for example, strong adhesion, good mechanical strength as well as excellent optical transparency. The versatility of the process facilitates tailoring of the physico-chemical film properties to optimize sensor performance. For example, films can be designed which have optimum porosity while minimizing leaching of the indicator molecules. In this chapter, the versatility of the sol-gel process with regard to the design of films for specific optical chemical sensor applications is highlighted.

Nanomaterials via Laser Ablation/Irradiation in Liquid: A Review

Abstract: Laser ablation of solid targets in the liquid medium can be realized to fabricate nanostructures with various compositions (metals, alloys, oxides, carbides, hydroxides, etc.) and morphologies (nanoparticles, nanocubes, nanorods, nanocomposites, etc.). At the same time, the post laser irradiation of suspended nanomaterials can be applied to further modify their size, shape, and composition. Such fabrication and modification of nanomaterials in liquid based on laser irradiation has become a rapidly growing field. Compared to other, typically chemical, methods, laser ablation/irradiation in liquid (LAL) is a simple and “green” technique that normally operates in water or organic liquids under ambient conditions. Recently, the LAL has been elaborately developed to prepare a series of nanomaterials with special morphologies, microstructures and phases, and to achieve one-step formation of various functionalized nanostructures in the pursuit of novel properties and applications in optics, display, detection, and biological fields. The formation mechanisms and synthetic strategies based on LAL are systematically analyzed and the reported nanostructures derived from the unique characteristics of LAL are highlighted along with a review of their applications and future challenges.

The Sorcerer's Apprentice Guide to Fault Attacks.

Abstract: The effect of faults on electronic systems has been studied since the 1970s when it was noticed that radioactive particles caused errors in chips. This led to further research on the effect of charged particles on silicon, motivated by the aerospace industry who was becoming concerned about the effect of faults in airborn electronic systems. Since then various mechanisms for fault creation and propagation have been discovered and researched. This paper covers the various methods that can be used to induce faults in semiconductors and exploit such errors maliciously. Several examples of attacks stemming from the exploiting of faults are explained. Finally a series of countermeasures to thwart these attacks are described.