Dublin City University

About: Dublin City University is a education organization based out in Dublin, Ireland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Machine translation & Laser. The organization has 5904 authors who have published 17178 publications receiving 389376 citations. The organization is also known as: National Institute for Higher Education, Dublin & DCU.

Ultrahigh speed all-optical demultiplexing based on two-photon absorption in a laser diode

Abstract: The authors describe how the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption in a commercial laser diode may be used for all-optical demultiplexing in terabit per second optical time division multiplexing networks. Switching windows of 650 fs in duration have been observed, with corresponding switching energies of a few picojoules.

A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behaviour: A “Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity” (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review

Abstract: Background: Participation in regular physical activity is associated with a multitude of health benefits across the life course. However, many people fail to meet PA recommendations. Despite a plethora of studies, the evidence regarding the environmental (physical) determinants of physical activity remains inconclusive. Objective: To identify the physical environmental determinants that influence PA across the life course. Methods: An online systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. The search was limited to studies published in English (January 2004 to April 2016). Only systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of observational studies, that investigated the association between physical determinants and physical activity outcomes, were eligible for inclusion. The extracted data were assessed on the importance of determinants, strength of evidence and methodological quality. Results: The literature search identified 28 SLRs and 3 MAs on 67 physical environmental characteristics potentially related to physical activity that were eligible for inclusion. Among preschool children, a positive association was reported between availability of backyard space and outdoor toys/equipment in the home and overall physical activity. The availability of physical activity programs and equipment within schools, and neighbourhood features such as pedestrian and cyclist safety structure were positively associated with physical activity in children and adolescents. Negative street characteristics, for example, lack of sidewalks and streetlights, were negatively associated with physical activity in adults. Inconsistent associations were reported for the majority of reviewed determinants in adults. Conclusion: This umbrella SLR provided a comprehensive overview of the physical environment determinants of physical activity across the life course and has highlighted, particularly amongst youth, a number of key determinants that may be associated with overall physical activity. Given the limited evidence drawn mostly from cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies are needed to further explore these associations. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42015010616.

A prospective view of animal and human Fasciolosis

Abstract: Fasciolosis, a food-borne trematodiasis, results following infection with the parasites, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. These trematodes greatly affect the global agricultural community, infecting millions of ruminants worldwide and causing annual economic losses in excess of US $3 billion. Fasciolosis, an important zoonosis, is classified by WHO as a neglected tropical disease with an estimated 17 million people infected and a further 180 million people at risk of infection. The significant impact on agriculture and human health together with the increasing demand for animal-derived food products to support global population growth demonstrate that fasciolosis is a major One Health problem. This review details the problematic issues surrounding fasciolosis control, including drug resistance, lack of diagnosis and the threat that hybridization of the Fasciola species poses to future animal and human health. We discuss how these parasites may mediate their long-term survival through regulation and modulation of the host immune system, by altering the host immune homeostasis and/or by influencing the intestinal microbiome particularly in respect to concurrent infections with other pathogens. Large genome, transcriptome and proteomic data sets are now available to support an integrated One Health approach to develop novel diagnostic and control strategies for both animal and human disease.

Human resource management : A critical approach

Abstract: 1. Introduction (David G. Collings and Geoffrey Wood) Section 1: The Context of HRM 2. HRM in Changing Organizational Contexts (Phil Johnson) 3. Strategic HRM: A Critical Review (Jaap Paauwe and Corine Boon) 4. HRM and Organizational Performance (Stephen Wood) 5. HRM: An Ethical Perspective (Mick Fryer) 6. Organizational Outsourcing and the Implications for HRM (Richard Haines) 7. The Socio-Cultural Aspects of Knowledge Management and the Links to HRM: A Critical Perspective (Donald Hislop) 8. HRM in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) (Tony Dundon and Adrian Wilkinson) Section 2: The Practice of HRM 9. Recruitment and Selection (Rosalind Searle) 10. HR Planning: Institutions, Strategy, Tools and Techniques (Zsuzsa Kispal-Vitai and Geoffrey Wood) 11. Performance Management (Anthony McDonnell and Patrick Gunnigle) 12. Reward Management (Suzanne Richbell and Geoffrey Wood) 13. Human Resource Development (Irena Grugulis) 14. Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management (Gilton Klerck) Section 3: The International Context of HRM 15. Human Resource Management in Emerging Markets (Frank M. Horwitz and Kamel Mellahi) 16. Comparative HRM: The Debates and the Evidence (Chris Brewster and Wolfgang Mayrhofer) 17. International Human Resource Management (David G. Collings, Hugh Scullion and Deirdre Curran)