Showing papers by "École Normale Supérieure published in 2022"
TL;DR: It can be found that the doped Cu-PPy electrodes electrode is a new material with high electrochemical oxidation ability for phenol degradation in aqueous solutions.
88 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined different options to validate global vulnerability assessments in terms of their internal and external validity, focusing on two global vulnerability indicator systems used in the WorldRiskIndex and the INFORM index.
57 citations
Manchester Metropolitan University1, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences2, École Normale Supérieure3, University of Chicago4, Sokoine University of Agriculture5, University of Dammam6, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague7, Ghent University8, University of the Sunshine Coast9, University of Cape Town10, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research11
TL;DR: The most frequently identified actors responding to water scarcity include individuals or households (32%), local government (15%), and national government ( 15%), while the most common types of response are behavioural and cultural (30%), technological and infrastructural (27%), ecosystem-based (25%), and institutional (18%). Most responses target low-income communities (31%), women (20%), and indigenous communities (13%), but very few studies target migrants, ethnic minorities or those living with disabilities as discussed by the authors.
42 citations
TL;DR: A quantitative review of 208 studies carried out between 1984 and 2020 that explore VOCs as potential biomarkers of cancers is presented in this article, where the main findings of these studies, listing and classifying VOC related to different cancer types while considering both sampling methods and analysis techniques.
18 citations
University of Pisa1, University of Florida2, University of Sannio3, Max Planck Society4, INFN Sezione di Roma I5, Université Paris-Saclay6, University of Sassari7, University of Sheffield8, École Normale Supérieure9, University of Valencia10, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance11, Russian Quantum Center12, ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery13, Osaka Institute of Technology14, California Institute of Technology15, University of Grenoble16, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee17, National Dairy Research Institute18, European Gravitational Observatory19, University of Orléans20, University of Glasgow21, National Security Technologies (United States)22, University of Georgia23, Nordic Optical Telescope24, University of British Columbia25, Aston University26, University of Portsmouth27, Chung-Ang University Hospital28
TL;DR: In this article , a targeted search for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from 236 pulsars using data from the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo (O3) combined with data from O2.
Abstract: We present a targeted search for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from 236 pulsars using data from the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo (O3) combined with data from the second observing run (O2). Searches were for emission from the $l=m=2$ mass quadrupole mode with a frequency at only twice the pulsar rotation frequency (single harmonic) and the $l=2, m=1,2$ modes with a frequency of both once and twice the rotation frequency (dual harmonic). No evidence of GWs was found so we present 95\% credible upper limits on the strain amplitudes $h_0$ for the single harmonic search along with limits on the pulsars' mass quadrupole moments $Q_{22}$ and ellipticities $\varepsilon$. Of the pulsars studied, 23 have strain amplitudes that are lower than the limits calculated from their electromagnetically measured spin-down rates. These pulsars include the millisecond pulsars J0437\textminus4715 and J0711\textminus6830 which have spin-down ratios of 0.87 and 0.57 respectively. For nine pulsars, their spin-down limits have been surpassed for the first time. For the Crab and Vela pulsars our limits are factors of $\sim 100$ and $\sim 20$ more constraining than their spin-down limits, respectively. For the dual harmonic searches, new limits are placed on the strain amplitudes $C_{21}$ and $C_{22}$. For 23 pulsars we also present limits on the emission amplitude assuming dipole radiation as predicted by Brans-Dicke theory.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review focused on the uses of these novel 2D transition metal carbides for desalination of water and the general methods of fabrication of MXenes; thus, the main properties of previous and current works about MXenes applications in this area were properly investigated.
17 citations
TL;DR: New Radio flexibility (NRflex) provides a solution that dynamically assigns BWP to the running slices and their associated User Equipment (UE), aiming to fulfill the slices’ required QoS.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a methodology to form RNA-containing condensates in living cells programmed to specifically recruit a single RNA species is presented, which can be made of ArtiGranule scaffolds composed of an orthogonal protein that can bind to a specific heterologously expressed RNA.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel Intermittent, Spray Coating, Draying, and Mixing (ISCDM) method is introduced to prepare ammonium perchlorate (AP) core-shell composites.
14 citations
TL;DR: A new kitchen triangle with its apexes represented by the kitchen sink, working place and cooking stove, with the distance between the sink and the working place less than 1 m is proposed to be used as norm in kitchen designs for combining ergonomics with safety.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the drivers of the forest transition in the United States, which was characterized by forest thickening despite surges in industrial wood extraction, and employed the concepts of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) and Material and Energy Flow Analysis (MEFA) to quantitatively assess changes in major provisioning ecosystem services demanded from forests.
Abstract: Understanding the dynamics behind forest transitions, i.e., shifts from deforestation to forest recovery, is crucial for forest conservation and climate-change mitigation i.e., carbon (C) sequestration. We investigated the drivers of the forest transition in the United States, which was characterized by forest thickening despite surges in industrial wood extraction. We employ the concepts of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) and Material and Energy Flow Analysis (MEFA) to quantitatively assess changes in major provisioning ecosystem services demanded from forests, i.e., industrial wood (comprising biomass used in products such as paper and pulp), grazing, and fuelwood, and analyse substitution processes from 1870-2012 at regional, sectoral, and national scales. The share of industrial wood in total annual forest biomass harvest increased from 23% to 84% over the time-period, while fuelwood and biomass grazed declined from 63% to 13%, and 14% to 3%, respectively. Reductions in demand for fuelwood and biomass grazed were enabled by shifts in feed and energy sources, consequently allowing for increases in both livestock numbers and energy use. Feed crops increased six-fold, alleviating grazing pressure on forest ecosystems, particularly in the Eastern states. Fossil fuels replaced fuelwood, especially in the residential sector. Between 1900-2012 the final energy mix increased seventeen-fold. Thus, the increase in biomass C stocks in U.S. forests was connected to substitution of forest ecosystem services with fossil fuel-based production systems, and with manifold increases in societal resource use and C dynamics. Such shifts need to be considered when assessing the positive environmental effects of forest transitions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model in which people strategically endorse supernatural punishment beliefs as intuitive tools of social control to manipulate others into cooperating, and explain why people adopt these beliefs.
Abstract: Why do humans develop beliefs in supernatural entities that punish uncooperative behaviors? Leading hypotheses maintain that these beliefs are widespread because they facilitate cooperation, allowing their groups to outcompete others in intergroup competition. Focusing on within-group interactions, we present a model in which people strategically endorse supernatural punishment beliefs as intuitive tools of social control to manipulate others into cooperating. Others accept these beliefs, meanwhile, because they are made compelling by various cognitive biases: they appear to provide information about why misfortune occurs; they appeal to intuitions about immanent justice; they contain threatening information; and they allow believers to signal their trustworthiness. Explaining supernatural beliefs requires considering both motivations to invest in their endorsement and the reasons others adopt them.
TL;DR: In this article, the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical micropollutants of Penicillin G (PG) was investigated in a photoreactor at a laboratory scale.
TL;DR: A family of functions is constructed suitable for establishing lower bounds on the oracle complexity of first-order minimization of smooth strongly-convex functions, and the new bounds match the known upper bounds up to a constant factor.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether time preferences partially mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and pro-environmentalism in three studies and found that SES is positively correlated with willingness to act for the environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the study of selected painted fragments from different contexts of Ostia Antica city, dating between 2nd century BCE and the end of the 1st century CE.
TL;DR: In this paper, SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced using the Oxford nanopore MinION method and the respective genome diversity was elucidated using pangolin lineages.
TL;DR: In this paper, a multiscale study was performed to understand the impact of pure exogenous compounds at low concentration on the crystallization of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in anhydrous milk fat (AMF).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the microstructure of Ye'elimite, calcium aluminates and ferritic phase when iron oxide is present and when the synthesis is carried out at 1300°C for 3h.
TL;DR: In this article, two new square-planar nickel (II) complexes were synthesized from (2-((E)-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-7-ylimino)methyl)phenol) and (1-((S)-(S-ethyl 9H- carbazol 7-Ylimino)-naphthalen-2-ol) ligands, for complex I and complex II, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the presence and isolation of the thermophilic fungi from hydrothermal spring situated at the locality of Guelma, in the Northeast of Algeria.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: ARIANN as discussed by the authors is a low-interaction framework to perform private training and inference of standard deep neural networks on sensitive data, which leverages function secret sharing, a recent cryptographic protocol that only uses lightweight primitives to achieve an efficient online phase with a single message of the size of the inputs, for operations like comparison and multiplication.
Abstract: We propose ARIANN, a low-interaction framework to perform private training and inference of standard deep neural networks on sensitive data. This framework implements semi-honest 2-party computation and leverages function secret sharing, a recent cryptographic protocol that only uses lightweight primitives to achieve an efficient online phase with a single message of the size of the inputs, for operations like comparison and multiplication which are building blocks of neural networks. Built on top of PyTorch, it offers a wide range of functions including ReLU, MaxPool and BatchNorm, and allows to use models like AlexNet or ResNet18. We report experimental results for inference and training over distant servers. Last, we propose an extension to support n-party private federated learning.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the hydrodynamic and blade's inertia, the material damping, and the radial shear stress, decrease the performances of a blade with a trailing edge that deflects perfectly elastically.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used dynamic column experiments to reveal the controls of Si loadings on goethite (α-FeOOH) coated sands on the transport of a widely used quinolone antibiotic, focusing on Nalidixic Acid (NA).
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: The authors investigates the transformation of employment policies in France, Germany, the UK and at European level, problematizing their shift towards governance-driven quantification, which has at its core the quest for efficiency putting equivalence between more and better, and having more for less.
Abstract: This article investigates the transformation of employment policies in France, Germany, the UK and at European level, problematizing their shift towards governance-driven quantification, which has at its core the quest for efficiency putting equivalence between more and better, and having more for less. Numbers become both targets and evaluators leading to rational optimization of the data produced. This calls democracy into question. Citizens have no say in how they are accounted for. Employment takes on a very different meaning encompassing any job, regardless of wage, working conditions, or contract type. Social criticism movements face the task to produce alternative data relying on democratized procedures and justice expectations. Such data, capable of legitimately counteracting governance-driven quantification, would support another “understanding” of the collective issue at hand.
TL;DR: The proposed approach was proven to be a promising methodology with higher accuracy for estimating the output power of wind turbines operating in different climatic conditions and superior forecasting performance and thus better accuracy in estimating wind power output compared to other adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based models.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors use deep learning architectures, trained using outputs of a climate model, as an alternative strategy to forecast the occurrence of extreme long-lasting heatwave, which are among the most important for climate impacts.
Abstract: Because of the impact of extreme heat waves and heat domes on society and biodiversity, their study is a key challenge. We specifically study long-lasting extreme heat waves, which are among the most important for climate impacts. Physics driven weather forecast systems or climate models can be used to forecast their occurrence or predict their probability. The present work explores the use of deep learning architectures, trained using outputs of a climate model, as an alternative strategy to forecast the occurrence of extreme long-lasting heatwave. This new approach will be useful for several key scientific goals which include the study of climate model statistics, building a quantitative proxy for resampling rare events in climate models, study the impact of climate change, and should eventually be useful for forecasting. Fulfilling these important goals implies addressing issues such as class-size imbalance that is intrinsically associated with rare event prediction, assessing the potential benefits of transfer learning to address the nested nature of extreme events (naturally included in less extreme ones). We train a Convolutional Neural Network, using 1,000 years of climate model outputs, with large-class undersampling and transfer learning. From the observed snapshots of the surface temperature and the 500 hPa geopotential height fields, the trained network achieves significant performance in forecasting the occurrence of long-lasting extreme heatwaves. We are able to predict them at three different levels of intensity, and as early as 15 days ahead of the start of the event (30 days ahead of the end of the event).
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper, a new globalized mode of governing, operating, away from states, through voluntary certification standards is investigated, which follows the most vulnerable stakeholders from their daily life in remote rural areas to the governing public roundtable and private confidential negotiations.
Abstract: Governing with quantification rests on preliminary processes of transforming the world to make it quantifiable through conventions of formatting and equivalence-making. This chapter investigates a new globalized mode of governing, operating, away from states, through voluntary certification standards. Considering the case of sustainable palm oil certification, it follows the most vulnerable “stakeholders”, from their daily life in remote rural areas to the governing public roundtables and private confidential negotiations. Fostering the dialogue between the extended convention theory framework and governmentality studies, the chapter shows that in a new kind of “standardizing liberalism” [liberalisme normalisateur], “governing by standards” shifts the political debate about power, legitimacy and the common good onto measurable certifiable characteristics of goods and services to be chosen by autonomous opting individuals.
TL;DR: In this paper , a comparison of the humoral response to BNT162b2-mRNA coronavirus (COVID)-19 vaccine and the immunological phenotype in a cohort of 125 MS subjects undergoing different DMTs, with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported.
Abstract: Several concerns exist on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects due to their immunomodulating disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Here we report a comparison of the humoral response to BNT162b2-mRNA coronavirus (COVID)-19 vaccine and the immunological phenotype in a cohort of 125 MS subjects undergoing different DMTs, with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.We collected serum and blood samples at the first day of vaccine (T0) and 21 days after the second vaccine dose (T1) from 125 MS subjects, undergoing eight different DMTs. Sera were tested using the Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG assay for the detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The anti-spike IgG titres from MS subjects were compared with 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Percentage and absolute number of B and T lymphocytes were evaluated by cytofluorimetric analysis in the same study cohort.When compared with SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels in HC (n = 24, median 1089 (IQR 652.5-1625) U/mL), we observed an increased secretion of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in interferon-beta 1a (IFN)-treated MS subjects (n = 22, median 1916 (IQR 1024-2879) U/mL) and an impaired humoral response in MS subjects undergoing cladribine (CLAD) (n = 10, median 396.9 (IQR 37.52-790.9) U/mL), fingolimod (FTY) (n = 19, median 7.9 (IQR 4.8-147.6) U/mL) and ocrelizumab (OCRE) (n = 15, median 0.67 (IQR 0.4-5.9) U/mL) treatment. Moreover, analysis of geometric mean titre ratio (GMTR) between different DMT's groups of MS subjects revealed that, when compared with IFN-treated MS subjects, intrinsic antibody production was impaired in teriflunomide (TERI)-, natalizumab (NAT)-, CLAD-, FTY- and OCRE-, while preserved in DMF- and GA-treated MS subjects.Humoral response to BNT162b2-mRNA-vaccine was increased in IFN-treated MS subjects while clearly blunted in those under CLAD, FTY and OCRE treatment. This suggests that the DMTs could have a key role in the protection from SARS-CoV-2 related disease and complication in MS subjects, underlying a novel aspect that should be considered in the selection of the most appropriate therapy under COVID-19 pandemic.