École normale supérieure de Cachan

About: École normale supérieure de Cachan is a education organization based out in Cachan, Île-de-France, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Decidability & Nonlinear system. The organization has 2717 authors who have published 5585 publications receiving 175925 citations.

Human Galectin 3 Binding Protein Interacts with Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type 6

Abstract: Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) hold enormous potential for human gene therapy. Despite the well-established safety and efficacy of rAAVs for in vivo gene transfer, there is still little information concerning the fate of vectors in blood following systemic delivery. We screened for serum proteins interacting with different AAV serotypes in humans, macaques, dogs, and mice. We report that serotypes rAAV-1, -5, and -6 but not serotypes rAAV-2, -7, -8, -9, and -10 interact in human sera with galectin 3 binding protein (hu-G3BP), a soluble scavenger receptor. Among the three serotypes, rAAV-6 has the most important capacities for binding to G3BP. rAAV-6 also bound G3BP in dog sera but not in macaque and mouse sera. In mice, rAAV-6 interacted with another protein of the innate immune system, C-reactive protein (CRP). Furthermore, interaction of hu-G3BP with rAAV-6 led to the formation of aggregates and hampered transduction when the two were codelivered into the mouse. Based on these data, we propose that species-specific interactions of AAVs with blood proteins may differentially impact vector distribution and efficacy in different animal models.

Global Bifurcation Diagrams of Steady States of Systems of PDEs via Rigorous Numerics: a 3-Component Reaction-Diffusion System

Abstract: In this paper, we use rigorous numerics to compute several global smooth branches of steady states for a system of three reaction-diffusion PDEs introduced by Iida et al. [J. Math. Biol. 53(4):617---641, 2006] to study the effect of cross-diffusion in competitive interactions. An explicit and mathematically rigorous construction of a global bifurcation diagram is done, except in small neighborhoods of the bifurcations. The proposed method, even though influenced by the work of van den Berg et al. [Math. Comput. 79(271):1565---1584, 2010], introduces new analytic estimates, a new gluing-free approach for the construction of global smooth branches and provides a detailed analysis of the choice of the parameters to be made in order to maximize the chances of performing successfully the computational proofs.

Domain structure and magnetization process of a giant magnetoimpedance geometry FeNi/Cu/FeNi(Cu)FeNi/Cu/FeNi sensitive element

Abstract: The magnetization process and the magnetic domains of the FeNi (100 nm)/Cu (2.5 nm)/FeNi (100 nm)/Cu (480 nm)/FeNi (100 nm)/Cu (2.5 nm)/FeNi (100 nm) structure were studied. This geometry consists of two FeNi/Cu/FeNi trilayers with a thick in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the sensitive element and narrow in the direction of the flowing current Cu electrode in the centre. Ferromagnet/conductor/ferromagnet is the typical geometry of magnetoimpedance thin-film-based sensitive elements used to detect small magnetic fields. Multilayered structures were prepared by rf-sputtering in a magnetic field of 100 Oe applied perpendicular to the Cu electrode in order to induce transverse magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic measurements and magnetic domain structure observations were made in magnetic fields applied one at a time parallel or perpendicular to the Cu electrode. Different magnetization processes with non-homogeneous rotations in the first case and dominant multiple nucleation and merging of domains in the second one were observed.

NIR to visible up-conversion, infrared luminescence, thermoluminescence and defect centres in Y2O3 : Er phosphor

Abstract: Er3+ doped Y2O3 phosphor was prepared by the solution combustion method and characterized using powder x-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive analysis of x-ray mapping studies. Room temperature near infrared (NIR) to green up-conversion (UC) emissions in the region 520–580 nm {(2H11/2, 4S3/2) →4I15/2} and red UC emissions in the region 650–700 nm (4F9/2 →4I15/2) of Er3+ ions have been observed upon direct excitation to the 4I11/2 level using ~972 nm laser radiation of nanosecond pulses. The possible mechanisms for the UC processes have been discussed on the basis of the energy level scheme, the pump power dependence as well as based on the temporal evolution. The excited state absorption is observed to be the dominant mechanism for the UC process. Y2O3 : Er exhibits one thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) peak around 367 °C. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies were carried out to study the defect centres induced in the phosphor by gamma irradiation and also to identify the centres responsible for the TSL peak. Room temperature ESR spectrum of irradiated phosphor appears to be a superposition of at least three distinct centres. One of them (centre I) with principal g-values g|| = 2.0415 and g⊥ = 2.0056 is identified as centre while centre II with an isotropic g-factor 2.0096 is assigned to an F+-centre (singly ionized oxygen vacancy). Centre III is also assigned to an F+-centre with a small g-factor anisotropy (g|| = 1.974 and g⊥ = 1.967). Additional defect centres are observed during thermal annealing experiments and one of them appearing around 330 °C grows with the annealing temperature. This centre (assigned to an F+-centre) seems to originate from an F-centre (oxygen vacancy with two electrons) and the F-centre appears to correlate with the observed TSL peak in Y2O3 : Er phosphor. The trap depth for this peak has been determined to be 0.97 eV from TSL data.

Regularity of the optimal shape for the first eigenvalue of the laplacian with volume and inclusion constraints

Abstract: We consider the well-known following shape optimization problem: λ 1 ( Ω ∗ ) = min | Ω | = a Ω ⊂ D λ 1 ( Ω ) , where λ 1 denotes the first eigenvalue of the Laplace operator with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, and D is an open bounded set (a box). It is well-known that the solution of this problem is the ball of volume a if such a ball exists in the box D (Faber–Krahn's theorem). In this paper, we prove regularity properties of the boundary of the optimal shapes Ω ∗ in any case and in any dimension. Full regularity is obtained in dimension 2.