Institution
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Facility•Lausanne, Switzerland•
About: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne is a facility organization based out in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 44041 authors who have published 98296 publications receiving 4372092 citations. The organization is also known as: EPFL & ETHL.
Topics: Population, Catalysis, Computer science, Laser, Context (language use)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that planar perovskite solar cells using TiO2 are inherently limited due to conduction band misalignment and demonstrate, with a variety of characterization techniques, for the first time that SnO2 achieves a barrier-free energetic configuration, obtaining almost hysteresis-free power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).
Abstract: The simplification of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), by replacing the mesoporous electron selective layer (ESL) with a planar one, is advantageous for large-scale manufacturing. PSCs with a planar TiO2 ESL have been demonstrated, but these exhibit unstabilized power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein we show that planar PSCs using TiO2 are inherently limited due to conduction band misalignment and demonstrate, with a variety of characterization techniques, for the first time that SnO2 achieves a barrier-free energetic configuration, obtaining almost hysteresis-free PCEs of over 18% with record high voltages of up to 1.19 V.
1,049 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the characterization of a home-made negative photoresist developed by IBM is described, called SU-8, which can be produced with commercially available materials and has an outstanding aspect ratio near 15 for lines and 10 for trenches, combined with the electroplating of copper allow the fabrication of highly integrated electromagnetic coils.
Abstract: This paper describes the characterization of a home-made negative photoresist developed by IBM. This resist, called SU-8, can be produced with commercially available materials. Three blends were prepared for this article and some of its optical and mechanical properties are presented. One of its numerous advantages is the broad range of thicknesses which can be obtained in one spin: from 750 nm to with a conventional spin coater. The resist is exposed with a standard UV aligner and has an outstanding aspect ratio near 15 for lines and 10 for trenches. These ratios combined with the electroplating of copper allow the fabrication of highly integrated electromagnetic coils.
1,045 citations
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TL;DR: This work clearly indicated that carbon-based nanomaterials are toxic while the hazardous effect is size-dependent, and cytotoxicity is enhanced when the surface of the particles is functionalized after an acid treatment.
Abstract: The cellular toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials was studied as a function of their aspect ratio and surface chemistry. These structures were multiwalled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and carbon nanoparticles. Their toxicity was tested in vitro on lung tumor cells. Our work clearly indicated that these materials are toxic while the hazardous effect is size-dependent. Moreover, cytotoxicity is enhanced when the surface of the particles is functionalized after an acid treatment.
1,044 citations
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TL;DR: The MPRAGE sequence was modified to generate two different images at different inversion times, MP2RAGE, to create T(1)-weighted images where the result image was free of proton density contrast, T(2) contrast, reception bias field, and, to first order, transmit field inhomogeneity.
1,041 citations
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05 Oct 2001TL;DR: It is expected that scalable methods for trust management are an important factor, if fully decentralized peer-to-peer systems should become the platform for more serious applications than simple file exchange.
Abstract: Managing trust is a problem of particular importance in peer-to-peer environments where one frequently encounters unknown agents. Existing methods for trust management, that are based on reputation, focus on the semantic properties of the trust model. They do not scale as they either rely on a central database or require to maintain global knowledge at each agent to provide data on earlier interactions. In this paper we present an approach that addresses the problem of reputation-based trust management at both the data management and the semantic level. We employ at both levels scalable data structures and algorithms that require no central control and allow to assess trust by computing an agents reputation from its former interactions with other agents. Thus the meethod can be implemented in a peer-to-peer environment and scales well for very large numbers of participants. We expect that scalable methods for trust management are an important factor, if fully decentralized peer-to-peer systems should become the platform for more serious applications than simple file exchange.
1,033 citations
Authors
Showing all 44420 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael Grätzel | 248 | 1423 | 303599 |
Ruedi Aebersold | 182 | 879 | 141881 |
Eliezer Masliah | 170 | 982 | 127818 |
Richard H. Friend | 169 | 1182 | 140032 |
G. A. Cowan | 159 | 2353 | 172594 |
Ian A. Wilson | 158 | 971 | 98221 |
Johan Auwerx | 158 | 653 | 95779 |
Menachem Elimelech | 157 | 547 | 95285 |
A. Artamonov | 150 | 1858 | 119791 |
Melody A. Swartz | 148 | 1304 | 103753 |
Henry J. Snaith | 146 | 511 | 123155 |
Kurt Wüthrich | 143 | 739 | 103253 |
Richard S. J. Frackowiak | 142 | 309 | 100726 |
Jean-Paul Kneib | 138 | 805 | 89287 |
Kevin J. Tracey | 138 | 561 | 82791 |