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Institution

Edinburgh Napier University

EducationEdinburgh, United Kingdom
About: Edinburgh Napier University is a education organization based out in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 2665 authors who have published 6859 publications receiving 175272 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A more up-to-date overview of the current state-of-the-art in evolutionary computing is provided, reporting on current trends, achievements, and suggesting the way forward.
Abstract: Early and seminal work which applied evolutionary computing methods to scheduling problems from 1985 onwards laid a strong and exciting foundation for the work which has been reported over the past decade or so. A survey of the current state-of-the-art was produced in 1999 for the European Network of Excellence on Evolutionary Computing EVONET?this paper provides a more up-to-date overview of the area, reporting on current trends, achievements, and suggesting the way forward.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Treatment of the quartz surface with aluminium lactate reduced the reactivity of the particles both in terms of hydroxyl radical generation and in Terms of the induction of molecular signaling events leading to inflammation.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the improved meteorological radiation model, IMRM is more accurate, by up to 70% in some cases, than its predecessor in estimating, global and diffuse horizontal irradiance.
Abstract: All solar energy applications require readily available, site-oriented and long-term solar radiation data. A typical database comprises of global, direct and diffuse solar irradiance, duration of sunshine and complementary data like cloud cover, atmospheric turbidity, humidity, temperature, etc. However, most of these stations do not provide complete if any information on solar data, chiefly due to the capital and maintenance costs that measuring instruments incur. For instance, global radiation is the most frequently measured parameter, its two components, i.e. diffuse and direct irradiance are often not measured. Improvements have been made to the meteorological radiation model MRM which, had been developed by Muneer et al. as a simple broadband irradiance estimation model based on synoptic information, by incorporating the sunshine information in the model's regressions. The result of the improvement of the model is a considerable reduction in biases and scatter in the comparison between estimated and measured data. The improved meteorological radiation model, IMRM is more accurate, by up to 70% in some cases, than its predecessor in estimating, global and diffuse horizontal irradiance. When sunshine, atmospheric pressure and temperature are not measured by a nearby station, yet cloud information is recorded, radiation estimation models based on cloud cover, CRM, can be used. Three CRMs have been compared to newly proposed models. It was found that models with locally fitted coefficients gave a more accurate estimation of the solar radiation than CRMs with generalized coefficients. The newly proposed model performed better that the older generation models. The third section of the article deals with estimation of diffuse radiation and possible improvements in its modeling. In this section, apart from clearness index (kt), influence of the synoptic parameters of sunshine fraction (SF), cloud cover (CC) and air mass (m) on diffuse fraction of global radiation (k) is studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. It is found that, SF shows a strong bearing on the k–kt relationship followed by CC and then m. As a next step, a series of models are developed for k as a polynomial function of kt, SF, CC and m. After an extensive evaluation procedure, a regression model is selected such that the diffuse radiation can be estimated with reasonable accuracy without making the model overtly complex. It was found that among all the models, the composite model involving all parameters provides the most accurate estimation of diffuse radiation. The site-specific models are further investigated for any appreciable correlations between different locations and their possible attributions. It was also found that a single model could more than adequately estimate the diffuse radiation for the locations within a given region. Three optimum models are also recommended for each region, in view of the fact that information on all parameters is not necessarily available for all sites. This study reveals a significant improvement from the conventional k–kt regression models to the presently proposed models, therefore, leading to more accurate estimation of diffuse radiation by approximately 50%.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new tri-leaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed, and simplicity of valve manufacture, combined with promising results from in vitro testing, indicate that further evaluation is warranted.

121 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an important defense mechanism in the airways against inhaled particles is the mucociliary escalator, which trap deposited particles. But the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter addresses issues in relation to the adverse health effects of PM 10 ( mass of particulate air pollution). Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a clear relationship between the levels of PM 10 and exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Deaths, not only from respiratory causes, but also from vascular causes, that is, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents, are also related to levels of PM 10 . The mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. The ability of the lung to protect itself against inhaled particles, and the susceptibility of individuals to the effects of particles, will determine the outcome in terms of the adverse effects of environmental particles. An important defense mechanism in the airways against inhaled particles is the mucociliary escalator. In the large proximal airways, goblet cells secrete mucus, which trap deposited particles. Mucus has a major role in protecting the airways, particularly as it is a rich source of antioxidants.

120 citations


Authors

Showing all 2727 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
William MacNee12347258989
Richard J. Simpson11385059378
Ken Donaldson10938547072
John Campbell107115056067
Muhammad Imran94305351728
Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser7033917348
Vicki Stone6920425002
Sharon K. Parker6823821089
Matt Nicholl6622415208
John H. Adams6635416169
Darren J. Kelly6525213007
Neil B. McKeown6528119371
Jane K. Hill6214720733
Min Du6132611328
Xiaodong Liu6047414980
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202328
202299
2021687
2020591
2019552
2018393