Institution
Edinburgh Napier University
Education•Edinburgh, United Kingdom•
About: Edinburgh Napier University is a education organization based out in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 2665 authors who have published 6859 publications receiving 175272 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This study has shown an increase in the proportion of children reporting a complete ban on smoking in their household after the introduction of smoke-free legislation and supports growing evidence of the wider impact smoke- free legislation can have on smoker behaviour.
Abstract: Objective: To examine change in home smoking restrictions one year after introduction of Scottish smoke-free legislation, and whether type of restriction impacts upon secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among children. Design: Comparison of nationally representative, cross-sectional, class-based surveys carried out in the same schools before and after legislation. Participants: 2527 primary schoolchildren (aged around 11 years) surveyed in January 2006 and 2379 in January 2007. Outcome measures: Self-reported home smoking restrictions, salivary cotinine concentrations. Results: Children surveyed after implementation of legislation were more likely than those surveyed before its introduction to report complete home smoking restrictions as opposed to partial (relative risk ratio (partial vs complete) 0.75 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.89) or no restrictions (RR (no restrictions vs complete) 0.50 (0.40 to 0.63). Children living with smokers were less likely to have stringent restrictions in place compared with children living with non-smokers (for both vs neither parents smoke: RR (partial vs complete) 18.29 (13.26 to 25.22) and RR (no restrictions vs complete) 104.73 (70.61 to 155.33). Among smoking households, restriction type varied according to the number and gender of parents who smoke. In both smoking and non-smoking households, children’s SHS exposure was directly related to type of home smoking restriction, with lowest exposures among those reporting complete restrictions. Conclusion: This study has shown an increase in the proportion of children reporting a complete ban on smoking in their household after the introduction of smoke-free legislation and supports growing evidence of the wider impact smoke-free legislation can have on smoker behaviour. However, quitting smoking combined with complete home smoking bans will still afford children the best protection from SHS exposure.
120 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The co-evolution of social networks and substance use behaviour of adolescents is analyzed and strong network selection effects occurring with a preference for same sex reciprocated relationships in closed networks are indicated.
Abstract: We analyse the co-evolution of social networks and substance use behaviour of adolescents and address the problem of separating the effects of homophily and assimilation. Adolescents who prefer friends with the same substance-use behaviour exhibit the homophily principle. Adolescents who adapt their substance use behaviour to match that of their friends display the assimilation principle. We use the Siena software to illustrate the co-evolution of friendship networks, smoking, cannabis use and drinking among sport-active teenagers. Results indicate strong network selection effects occurring with a preference for same sex reciprocated relationships in closed networks. Assimilation occurs among cannabis and alcohol but not tobacco users. Homophily prevails among tobacco and alcohol users. Cannabis use influences smoking behavior positively (i.e., increasing cannabis increases smoking). Weaker effects include drinkers smoking more and cannabis users drinking more. Homophily and assimilation are not significant mechanisms with regard to sporting activity for any substance. There is, however, a significant reduction of sporting activity among smokers. Also, girls engaged in less sport than boys. Some recommendations for health promotion programmes are made.
120 citations
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TL;DR: All ten NMs exhibited effects on the hepatocyte cell line that were at least in part ROS/oxidative stress mediated, and these effects included mild genotoxicity and IL8 production for all NM except the Ag possibly due to its highly cytotoxic nature.
Abstract: Background: Following exposure via inhalation, intratracheal instillation or ingestion some nanomaterials (NM) have been shown to translocate to the liver. Since oxidative stress has been implicated as a possible mechanism for NM toxicity this study aimed to investigate the effects of various materials (five titanium dioxide (TiO2), two zinc oxide (ZnO), two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and one silver (Ag) NM) on oxidative responses of C3A cell line as a model for potential detrimental properties of nanomaterials on the liver. Results: We noted a dose dependant decrease in the cellular glutathione content following exposure of the C3A cells to Ag, the ZnO and the MWCNTs. Intracellular ROS levels were also measured and shown to increase significantly following exposure of the C3A to the low toxicity NMs (MWCNT and TiO2). The antioxidant Trolox in part prevented the detrimental effect of NMs on cell viability, and decreased the NM induced IL8 production after exposure to all but the Ag particulate. Following 4 hr exposure of the C3A cells to sub-lethal levels of the NMs, the largest amount of DNA damage was induced by two of the TiO2 samples (7 nm and the positively charged 10 nm particles). Conclusions: All ten NMs exhibited effects on the hepatocyte cell line that were at least in part ROS/oxidative stress mediated. These effects included mild genotoxicity and IL8 production for all NM except the Ag possibly due to its highly cytotoxic nature.
120 citations
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Stanford University1, Kühne Logistics University2, DNV GL3, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development4, World Meteorological Organization5, KPMG6, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development7, University of Tokyo8, EThekwini Municipality9, University of Manitoba10, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research11, ICF International12, Edinburgh Napier University13, International Finance Corporation14, University of the Aegean15
TL;DR: In this article, a diverse group of stakeholders with expertise in climate science, engineering, economics, policy, and port management have highlighted the climate change challenge for ports and suggested a way forward through the adoption of some initial measures.
Abstract: With 80 % of world trade carried by sea, seaports provide crucial linkages in global supply-chains and are essential for the ability of all countries to access global markets. Seaports are likely to be affected directly and indirectly by climatic changes, with broader implications for international trade and development. Due to their coastal location, seaports are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events associated with increasing sea levels and tropical storm activity, as illustrated by hurricane “Sandy”. In view of their strategic role as part of the globalized trading system, adapting ports in different parts of the world to the impacts of climate change is of considerable importance. Reflecting the views of a diverse group of stakeholders with expertise in climate science, engineering, economics, policy, and port management, this essay highlights the climate change challenge for ports and suggests a way forward through the adoption of some initial measures. These include both “soft” and “hard” adaptations that may be spearheaded by individual port entities, but will require collaboration and support from a broad range of public and private sector stakeholders and from society at large. In particular, the essay highlights a need to shift to more holistic planning, investment and operation.
120 citations
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TL;DR: A novel cross-modality interactive attention network that takes full advantage of the interactive properties of multispectral input sources is proposed that achieves state-of-the-art performance with high efficiency.
119 citations
Authors
Showing all 2727 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
William MacNee | 123 | 472 | 58989 |
Richard J. Simpson | 113 | 850 | 59378 |
Ken Donaldson | 109 | 385 | 47072 |
John Campbell | 107 | 1150 | 56067 |
Muhammad Imran | 94 | 3053 | 51728 |
Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser | 70 | 339 | 17348 |
Vicki Stone | 69 | 204 | 25002 |
Sharon K. Parker | 68 | 238 | 21089 |
Matt Nicholl | 66 | 224 | 15208 |
John H. Adams | 66 | 354 | 16169 |
Darren J. Kelly | 65 | 252 | 13007 |
Neil B. McKeown | 65 | 281 | 19371 |
Jane K. Hill | 62 | 147 | 20733 |
Min Du | 61 | 326 | 11328 |
Xiaodong Liu | 60 | 474 | 14980 |