Showing papers by "Edith Cowan University published in 2019"
Edith Cowan University1, University of Queensland2, Utah State University3, Deakin University4, Autonomous University of Barcelona5, Charles Darwin University6, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation7, University of Western Australia8, Sao Paulo State University9, Griffith University10, Southern Cross University11, University of New South Wales12, University of Wollongong13, Department of Water14, The Chinese University of Hong Kong15, Spanish National Research Council16, University of Tasmania17, University of Technology, Sydney18, National University of Malaysia19, Hasanuddin University20, University of Costa Rica21, Woods Hole Research Center22, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology23
TL;DR: This assessment, the most comprehensive for any nation to-date, demonstrates the potential of conservation and restoration of VCE to underpin national policy development for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Abstract: Policies aiming to preserve vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE; tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrasses) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions require national assessments of blue carbon resources. Here, we present organic carbon (C) storage in VCE across Australian climate regions and estimate potential annual CO2 emission benefits of VCE conservation and restoration. Australia contributes 5–11% of the C stored in VCE globally (70–185 Tg C in aboveground biomass, and 1,055–1,540 Tg C in the upper 1 m of soils). Potential CO2 emissions from current VCE losses are estimated at 2.1–3.1 Tg CO2-e yr-1, increasing annual CO2 emissions from land use change in Australia by 12–21%. This assessment, the most comprehensive for any nation to-date, demonstrates the potential of conservation and restoration of VCE to underpin national policy development for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Policies aiming to preserve vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions require national assessments of blue carbon resources. Here the authors assessed organic carbon storage in VCE across Australian and the potential annual CO2 emission benefits of VCE conservation and find that Australia contributes substantially the carbon stored in VCE globally.
1,462 citations
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom1, University of Western Australia2, University of Tasmania3, Dalhousie University4, Australian Research Council5, University of Canterbury6, Aberystwyth University7, University of Tsukuba8, Scottish Association for Marine Science9, University of New South Wales10, Australian Institute of Marine Science11, Barcelona Supercomputing Center12, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation13, Hobart Corporation14, University of Washington15, Edith Cowan University16
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify trends and attributes of extreme regional ocean warming (marine heatwaves, MHWs) across all ocean basins and examine their biological impacts from species to ecosystems.
Abstract: The global ocean has warmed substantially over the past century, with far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems. Concurrent with long-term persistent warming, discrete periods of extreme regional ocean warming (marine heatwaves, MHWs) have increased in frequency. Here we quantify trends and attributes of MHWs across all ocean basins and examine their biological impacts from species to ecosystems. Multiple regions in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans are particularly vulnerable to MHW intensification, due to the co-existence of high levels of biodiversity, a prevalence of species found at their warm range edges or concurrent non-climatic human impacts. The physical attributes of prominent MHWs varied considerably, but all had deleterious impacts across a range of biological processes and taxa, including critical foundation species (corals, seagrasses and kelps). MHWs, which will probably intensify with anthropogenic climate change, are rapidly emerging as forceful agents of disturbance with the capacity to restructure entire ecosystems and disrupt the provision of ecological goods and services in coming decades.
731 citations
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases1, University of Tübingen2, Washington University in St. Louis3, University Hospital of Basel4, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich5, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health6, Edith Cowan University7, University of New South Wales8, Neuroscience Research Australia9, University College London10, Mayo Clinic11, Brown University12, Indiana University13, University of Southern California14, Columbia University Medical Center15, Harvard University16, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai17
TL;DR: Serum NfL dynamics in serum predict disease progression and brain neurodegeneration at the early presymptomatic stages of familial Alzheimer’s disease, which supports its potential utility as a clinically useful biomarker.
Abstract: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a promising fluid biomarker of disease progression for various cerebral proteopathies. Here we leverage the unique characteristics of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network and ultrasensitive immunoassay technology to demonstrate that NfL levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (n = 187) and serum (n = 405) are correlated with one another and are elevated at the presymptomatic stages of familial Alzheimer’s disease. Longitudinal, within-person analysis of serum NfL dynamics (n = 196) confirmed this elevation and further revealed that the rate of change of serum NfL could discriminate mutation carriers from non-mutation carriers almost a decade earlier than cross-sectional absolute NfL levels (that is, 16.2 versus 6.8 years before the estimated symptom onset). Serum NfL rate of change peaked in participants converting from the presymptomatic to the symptomatic stage and was associated with cortical thinning assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, but less so with amyloid-β deposition or glucose metabolism (assessed by positron emission tomography). Serum NfL was predictive for both the rate of cortical thinning and cognitive changes assessed by the Mini–Mental State Examination and Logical Memory test. Thus, NfL dynamics in serum predict disease progression and brain neurodegeneration at the early presymptomatic stages of familial Alzheimer’s disease, which supports its potential utility as a clinically useful biomarker.
523 citations
Deakin University1, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology2, University of Western Australia3, James Hutton Institute4, University of Technology, Sydney5, Plymouth Marine Laboratory6, Griffith University7, National University of Singapore8, University of Wollongong9, Bangor University10, Edith Cowan University11, University of Queensland12, Utah State University13, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation14, University of Florida15, McGill University16, Southern Cross University17, Florida International University18, University of Plymouth19, University of Tsukuba20, University of Edinburgh21, Spanish National Research Council22, Aarhus University23, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources24, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science25, Autonomous University of Barcelona26, University of Virginia27, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center28, Bogor Agricultural University29, Center for International Forestry Research30, University of Hong Kong31, University of the Algarve32, Duke University33
TL;DR: The authors identify the top-ten unresolved questions in the field and find that most questions relate to the precise role blue carbon can play in mitigating climate change and the most effective management actions in maximising this.
Abstract: The term Blue Carbon (BC) was first coined a decade ago to describe the disproportionately large contribution of coastal vegetated ecosystems to global carbon sequestration. The role of BC in climate change mitigation and adaptation has now reached international prominence. To help prioritise future research, we assembled leading experts in the field to agree upon the top-ten pending questions in BC science. Understanding how climate change affects carbon accumulation in mature BC ecosystems and during their restoration was a high priority. Controversial questions included the role of carbonate and macroalgae in BC cycling, and the degree to which greenhouse gases are released following disturbance of BC ecosystems. Scientists seek improved precision of the extent of BC ecosystems; techniques to determine BC provenance; understanding of the factors that influence sequestration in BC ecosystems, with the corresponding value of BC; and the management actions that are effective in enhancing this value. Overall this overview provides a comprehensive road map for the coming decades on future research in BC science.
424 citations
Pennsylvania State University1, Edinburgh Napier University2, Hogeschool van Amsterdam3, University of Amsterdam4, Netherlands Cancer Institute5, University of South Carolina6, Northern Arizona University7, Wingate University8, Harvard University9, Mayo Clinic10, Edith Cowan University11, American Cancer Society12, University of California, San Francisco13, George Mason University14, Kaiser Permanente15, Penn State Cancer Institute16, National Institutes of Health17, Macmillan Cancer Support18, New York University19, Oregon Health & Science University20, University of British Columbia21
TL;DR: There is a call to action for key stakeholders to create the infrastructure and cultural adaptations needed so that all people living with and beyond cancer can be as active as is possible for them.
Abstract: Multiple organizations around the world have issued evidence-based exercise guidance for patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Recently, the American College of Sports Medicine has updated its exercise guidance for cancer prevention as well as for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancer health-related outcomes (eg, fatigue, anxiety, depression, function, and quality of life). Despite these guidelines, the majority of people living with and beyond cancer are not regularly physically active. Among the reasons for this is a lack of clarity on the part of those who work in oncology clinical settings of their role in assessing, advising, and referring patients to exercise. The authors propose using the American College of Sports Medicine's Exercise Is Medicine initiative to address this practice gap. The simple proposal is for clinicians to assess, advise, and refer patients to either home-based or community-based exercise or for further evaluation and intervention in outpatient rehabilitation. To do this will require care coordination with appropriate professionals as well as change in the behaviors of clinicians, patients, and those who deliver the rehabilitation and exercise programming. Behavior change is one of many challenges to enacting the proposed practice changes. Other implementation challenges include capacity for triage and referral, the need for a program registry, costs and compensation, and workforce development. In conclusion, there is a call to action for key stakeholders to create the infrastructure and cultural adaptations needed so that all people living with and beyond cancer can be as active as is possible for them.
392 citations
Washington University in St. Louis1, Harvard University2, University of Manitoba3, Mayo Clinic4, University of Toronto5, University of Reading6, Sapienza University of Rome7, University of Melbourne8, Wilmington University9, Oregon Health & Science University10, Nestlé11, Columbia University12, University of Caen Lower Normandy13, University of Kansas14, University of Pittsburgh15, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill16, University of California, San Diego17, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center18, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich19, Alzheimer's Association20, Autonomous University of Barcelona21, University of San Diego22, SUNY Downstate Medical Center23, University of Kentucky24, University of Victoria25, University of North Texas Health Science Center26, VU University Medical Center27, University of Glasgow28, Sunnybrook Research Institute29, Edith Cowan University30, Rush University31, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine32, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos33, Heriot-Watt University34, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens35, University of Southern California36, King's College London37, Capital Medical University38, VU University Amsterdam39, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases40
TL;DR: A cross‐PIA white paper that provides both a concise “state‐of‐the‐science” report of ethnoracial factors across PIA foci and updated recommendations to address immediate needs to advance ADRD science across ethnorracial populations is synthesized.
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are a global crisis facing the aging population and society as a whole. With the numbers of people with ADRDs predicted to rise dramatically across the world, the scientific community can no longer neglect the need for research focusing on ADRDs among underrepresented ethnoracial diverse groups. The Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART; alz.org/ISTAART) comprises a number of professional interest areas (PIAs), each focusing on a major scientific area associated with ADRDs. We leverage the expertise of the existing international cadre of ISTAART scientists and experts to synthesize a cross-PIA white paper that provides both a concise "state-of-the-science" report of ethnoracial factors across PIA foci and updated recommendations to address immediate needs to advance ADRD science across ethnoracial populations.
272 citations
TL;DR: There is no set prescription and total weekly dosage that would be considered evidence-based for all cancer patients, so targeted exercise prescription is needed to ensure greatest benefit in the short and longer term, with low risk of harm.
253 citations
04 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented integrated carbocatalytic oxidation and hydrothermal (HT) hydrolysis of microplastics over magnetic spring-like carbon nanotubes.
Abstract: Summary Microplastics (MPs) pollution in household wastewater and global aquatic systems has become an emerging issue and potential threat to marine life and human health. However, advanced technologies for efficient MPs control and purification remain largely underdeveloped. Herein, we present integrated carbocatalytic oxidation and hydrothermal (HT) hydrolysis of microplastics over magnetic spring-like carbon nanotubes. The robust carbon hybrids exhibited an outstanding MPs degradation performance by catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate to generate reactive radicals. The spiral architecture and highly graphitic degree guaranteed the superb stability of the carbocatalysts in HT environment. The toxicity tests indicated that the organic intermediates from MPs degradation were environmentally benign to the aquatic microorganisms and can serve as a carbon source for algae cultivation. The outcomes of this study are dedicated to providing a green strategy by integrating state-of-the-art carbocatalysis and nanotechnology for remediation of MPs contamination in water.
248 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that refinements of components of the flipped design, such as the pre-recorded lectures and the structure of the in-class sessions, may further enhance the student learning experience in this course.
Abstract: In this paper we report on our evaluation of the impact of a flipped classroom approach on the learning experience of students undertaking an undergraduate biology course. The flipped sessions comprised pre-recorded lectures, online quizzes and in-class group activities in the course design. The success of the approach was evaluated on the basis of perceptions held by the course coordinator and students on how the new course design influenced the student learning experience. Data were collected through a student questionnaire and structured interviews with the course coordinator. Overall, the students reported a high degree of satisfaction with some elements of the flipped approach. However, some activities were less well regarded, with concerns identified by the course coordinator and students. A key finding was that elements from the model for student learning design presented in this article were correlated with student confidence, motivation and engagement. It was concluded that refinements of components of the flipped design, such as the pre-recorded lectures and the structure of the in-class sessions, may further enhance the student learning experience in this course.
237 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that bacterial DNA and SCFAs are present in utero, and have the potential to influence the developing fetal immune system.
Abstract: The human microbiome includes trillions of bacteria, many of which play a vital role in host physiology. Numerous studies have now detected bacterial DNA in first-pass meconium and amniotic fluid samples, suggesting that the human microbiome may commence in utero. However, these data have remained contentious due to underlying contamination issues. Here, we have used a previously described method for reducing contamination in microbiome workflows to determine if there is a fetal bacterial microbiome beyond the level of background contamination. We recruited 50 women undergoing non-emergency cesarean section deliveries with no evidence of intra-uterine infection and collected first-pass meconium and amniotic fluid samples. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using PacBio SMRT cell technology, to allow high resolution profiling of the fetal gut and amniotic fluid bacterial microbiomes. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured in amniotic fluid, and levels of immunomodulatory short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified in meconium. All meconium samples and most amniotic fluid samples (36/43) contained bacterial DNA. The meconium microbiome was dominated by reads that mapped to Pelomonas puraquae. Aside from this species, the meconium microbiome was remarkably heterogeneous between patients. The amniotic fluid microbiome was more diverse and contained mainly reads that mapped to typical skin commensals, including Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus spp. All meconium samples contained acetate and propionate, at ratios similar to those previously reported in infants. P. puraquae reads were inversely correlated with meconium propionate levels. Amniotic fluid cytokine levels were associated with the amniotic fluid microbiome. Our results demonstrate that bacterial DNA and SCFAs are present in utero, and have the potential to influence the developing fetal immune system.
224 citations
École Normale Supérieure1, University of Paris2, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn3, Harvard University4, Fudan University5, Kyoto University6, Edith Cowan University7, Ohio State University8, University of Montpellier9, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission10, Spanish National Research Council11, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics12, Laval University13, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology14, University of Bremen15, University of Maine16, PSL Research University17
TL;DR: This work investigates the latitudinal gradients and global predictors of plankton diversity across archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, and major virus clades using both molecular and imaging data from Tara Oceans to show a decline of diversity for most planktonic groups toward the poles.
TL;DR: The history of PAP/PAPE research is recounted to locate definitions and determine whether they are the same phenomena, and possible mechanisms underpinning their effects will be examined in detail.
Abstract: Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a well-described phenomenon with a short half-life (~28 s) that enhances muscle force production at submaximal levels of calcium saturation (i.e., submaximal levels of muscle activation). It has been largely explained by an increased myosin light chain phosphorylation occurring in type II muscle fibers, and its effects have been quantified in humans by measuring muscle twitch force responses to a bout of muscular activity. However, enhancements in (sometimes maximal) voluntary force production detected several minutes after high-intensity muscle contractions are also observed, which are also most prominent in muscles with a high proportion of type II fibers. This effect has been considered to reflect PAP. Nonetheless, the time course of myosin light chain phosphorylation (underpinning "classic" PAP) rarely matches that of voluntary force enhancement and, unlike PAP, changes in muscle temperature, muscle/cellular water content, and muscle activation may at least partly underpin voluntary force enhancement; this enhancement has thus recently been called post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) to distinguish it from "classical" PAP. In fact, since PAPE is often undetectable at time points where PAP is maximal (or substantial), some researchers have questioned whether PAP contributes to PAPE under most conditions in vivo in humans. Equally, minimal evidence has been presented that PAP is of significant practical importance in cases where multiple physiological processes have already been upregulated by a preceding, comprehensive, active muscle warm-up. Given that confusion exists with respect to the mechanisms leading to acute enhancement of both electrically evoked (twitch force; PAP) and voluntary (PAPE) muscle function in humans after acute muscle activity, the first purpose of the present narrative review is to recount the history of PAP/PAPE research to locate definitions and determine whether they are the same phenomena. To further investigate the possibility of these phenomena being distinct as well as to better understand their potential functional benefits, possible mechanisms underpinning their effects will be examined in detail. Finally, research design issues will be addressed which might contribute to confusion relating to PAP/PAPE effects, before the contexts in which these phenomena may (or may not) benefit voluntary muscle function are considered.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a fundamental insight into the integrated applications of rubberized concrete composite materials to improve construction methods, including applications to enhance environmental sustainability of concrete structures in the construction industry.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the catalytic properties of metal glasses with various atomic components and their properties on catalytic reactivity is presented, including structural relaxation, crystallization, and rejuvenation, electronic structure, atomic configuration, thermophysical property, atomic composition, surface roughness, residual stress, and porosity by dealloying.
TL;DR: It was found that the single atom SAFe-SBA catalysts displayed superior catalytic activity to aggregated iron sites (AGFe-S BA) in both HBA and phenol degradation, demonstrating the advantage of SAFe -SBA in catalysis.
Abstract: The maximization of the numbers of exposed active sites in supported metal catalysts is important to achieve high reaction activity. In this work, a simple strategy for anchoring single atom Fe on SBA-15 to expose utmost Fe active sites was proposed. Iron salts were introduced into the as-made SBA-15 containing the template and calcined for simultaneous decomposition of the iron precursor and the template, resulting in single atom Fe sites in the nanopores of SBA-15 catalysts (SAFe-SBA). X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) imply the presence of single atom Fe sites. Furthermore, EXAFS analysis suggests the structure of one Fe center with four O atoms, and density functional theory calculations (DFT) simulate this structure. The catalytic performances of SAFe-SBA were evaluated in Fenton-like catalytic oxidation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and phenol. It was found that the single atom SAFe-SBA catalysts displayed superior catalytic activity to aggregated iron sites (AGFe-SBA) in both HBA and phenol degradation, demonstrating the advantage of SAFe-SBA in catalysis.
TL;DR: The literature on candidate blood tests for AD that could be implemented in primary care settings and used for the effective identification of individuals at increased risk of AD pathology, who could be referred for potential inclusion in clinical trials or future approved treatments following additional testing are summarized.
Abstract: A major barrier to the effective conduct of clinical trials of new drug candidates against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to identifying patients for receiving future disease-modifying treatments is the limited capacity of the current health system to find and diagnose patients with early AD pathology. This may be related in part to the limited capacity of the current health systems to select those people likely to have AD pathology in order to confirm the diagnosis with available cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers at memory clinics. In the current narrative review, we summarize the literature on candidate blood tests for AD that could be implemented in primary care settings and used for the effective identification of individuals at increased risk of AD pathology, who could be referred for potential inclusion in clinical trials or future approved treatments following additional testing. We give an updated account of blood-based candidate biomarkers and biomarker panels for AD-related brain changes. Our analysis centres on biomarker candidates that have been replicated in more than one study and discusses the need of further studies to achieve the goal of a primary care-based screening algorithm for AD.
TL;DR: An inverse association between regular flavonoid intake and both cardiovascular and cancer related mortality is demonstrated and highlighted, highlighting the potential to reduce mortality through recommendations to increase intakes of flavonoids-rich foods, particularly in smokers and high alcohol consumers.
Abstract: Flavonoids, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, have been linked with health benefits. However, evidence from observational studies is incomplete; studies on cancer mortality are scarce and moderating effects of lifestyle risk factors for early mortality are unknown. In this prospective cohort study including 56,048 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort crosslinked with Danish nationwide registries and followed for 23 years, there are 14,083 deaths. A moderate habitual intake of flavonoids is inversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular- and cancer-related mortality. This strong association plateaus at intakes of approximately 500 mg/day. Furthermore, the inverse associations between total flavonoid intake and mortality outcomes are stronger and more linear in smokers than in non-smokers, as well as in heavy (>20 g/d) vs. low-moderate (<20 g/d) alcohol consumers. These findings highlight the potential to reduce mortality through recommendations to increase intakes of flavonoid-rich foods, particularly in smokers and high alcohol consumers. The studies showing health benefits of flavonoids and their impact on cancer mortality are incomplete. Here, the authors perform a prospective cohort study in Danish participants and demonstrate an inverse association between regular flavonoid intake and both cardiovascular and cancer related mortality.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple solvothermal template-free approach was employed for the first time to synthesize phosphorous doped carbon nitride nanobelt (P CN NB).
Abstract: Photocatalysis has demonstrated great potentials for both environmental remediation and green energy production. In this study, a simple solvothermal template-free approach was employed for the first time to synthesize phosphorous doped carbon nitride nanobelt (P CN NB). Advanced characterizations, for instance, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, and XPS results indicated that P was substitutionally doped at the corner-carbon of the carbon nitride frameworks. The introduction of P dopants inhibited the polymerization between NH2 groups within P CN NB, enabling the decrease in nanobelt width for the exposure of more active sites. Therefore, the optimized P-CN-NB-2 (derived from 0.2 mM H3PO4) rendered enhanced p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) degradation nearly 66-fold higher than bulk g-C3N4, among the most efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts as reported. In addition, the P-CN-NB-1 (derived from 0.02 mM H3PO4) exhibited about 2 times higher H2 evolution rate than CN NB. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also conducted to provide insights into the mechanism.
TL;DR: In this article, a beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm based random forest (RF) model was proposed to accurately and effectively predict the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of self-compacting concrete (LWSCC).
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the hypothesized relationship between construal level and psychological distance may not hold in the context of climate change, and that it may be difficult to change pro-environmental behavior by manipulating these variables.
Abstract: The public perception of climate change as abstract and distant may undermine climate action. According to construal level theory, whether a phenomenon is perceived as psychologically distant or close is associated with whether it is construed as abstract or concrete, respectively. Previous work has established a link between psychological distance and climate action, but the associated role of construal level has yet to be explored in depth. In two representative surveys of Australians (N = 217 and N = 216), and one experiment (N = 319), we tested whether construal level and psychological distance from climate change predicted pro-environmental intentions and policy support, and whether manipulating distance and construal increased pro-environmental behaviors such as donations. Results showed that psychological closeness to climate change predicted more engagement in pro-environmental behaviors, while construal level produced inconsistent results, and manipulations of both variables failed to produce increases in pro-environmental behaviors. In contrast with the central tenet of construal level theory, construal level was unrelated to psychological distance in all three studies. Our findings suggest that the hypothesized relationship between construal level and psychological distance may not hold in the context of climate change, and that it may be difficult to change pro-environmental behavior by manipulating these variables.
TL;DR: A novel strategy for preparing a ceramic membrane with the function of catalytic degradation of organic pollutants, as well as outlining into future integration of separation and AOPs is provided.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of metal-based composites for electromagnetic interference shielding is presented, where the authors analyze the variation of electrical conductivity and mechanical properties for a few of these materials.
Abstract: The demand for new materials in the field of electromagnetic interference shielding has increased dramatically in the last few decades due to the advancements in the electronics industry. To meet these growing demands, many new materials are being investigated to replace traditionally used metal sheets. Some of the promising materials being researched are polymer-based composites due to their low specific weight, ease of fabrication, and low cost. Some researchers have also looked into the modification and synthetization of new metal-based shielding materials. One of the significant disadvantages of modifying metallic materials is the reduction of their electrical conductivity that adversely affects the shielding effectiveness. Hence, the modifications carried out should be able to maintain the shielding effectiveness at high values while eliminating the shortcomings of metal sheets. In this review article, novel metal-based materials are analyzed for their shielding effectiveness. While some of the materials reviewed in this paper are merely metal-based composites, others consist of more complex additives including metal oxides and carbides. Apart from the shielding effectiveness, this article analyses the variation of other important properties such as electrical conductivity and mechanical properties for a few of these materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the performance of a stand-alone hybrid application in a remote community in Bangladesh meeting a load demand of 350kWh/day with a 74.34kW peak load demand.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the recent developments in medical image analysis with deep learning can be found and a critical review of related major aspects is provided. But the authors do not assume prior knowledge of deep learning and make a significant contribution in explaining the core deep learning concepts to the non-experts in the Medical Community.
Abstract: Medical image analysis is currently experiencing a paradigm shift due to deep learning. This technology has recently attracted so much interest of the Medical Imaging Community that it led to a specialized conference in “Medical Imaging with Deep Learning” in the year 2018. This paper surveys the recent developments in this direction and provides a critical review of the related major aspects. We organize the reviewed literature according to the underlying pattern recognition tasks and further sub-categorize it following a taxonomy based on human anatomy. This paper does not assume prior knowledge of deep learning and makes a significant contribution in explaining the core deep learning concepts to the non-experts in the Medical Community. This paper provides a unique computer vision/machine learning perspective taken on the advances of deep learning in medical imaging. This enables us to single out “lack of appropriately annotated large-scale data sets” as the core challenge (among other challenges) in this research direction. We draw on the insights from the sister research fields of computer vision, pattern recognition, and machine learning, where the techniques of dealing with such challenges have already matured, to provide promising directions for the Medical Imaging Community to fully harness deep learning in the future.
TL;DR: In this paper, a qualitative industry case study evaluates job quality in the Australian platform-based food-delivery sector, one part of the growing gig economy where workers, as independent contractors, enga...
Abstract: This qualitative industry case study evaluates job quality in the Australian platform-based food-delivery sector, one part of the growing gig economy where workers, as independent contractors, enga...
TL;DR: In this article, NiCo@NCNTs were synthesized by annealing Ni/Co nanoparticles with dicyandiamide, and the magnetic nanocarbons were assembled as a flat membrane for heterogeneous degradation of organic toxins.
Yahoo!1, Chungbuk National University2, Autonomous University of Madrid3, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research4, Gdańsk Medical University5, Cross Cancer Institute6, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust7, Edith Cowan University8, Catholic University of Cordoba9, Bristol-Myers Squibb10, Johns Hopkins University11
TL;DR: First-line nivolumab + ipilimumab demonstrated early, sustained improvements in PROs versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC and high TMB.
TL;DR: It is found that women harbour strains more closely related to those harboured by their familial and social contacts than men, and that transmission patterns of oral-associated and gut-associated microbiota need not be the same.
Abstract: The human microbiome, described as an accessory organ because of the crucial functions it provides, is composed of species that are uniquely found in humans1,2. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the impact of routine interpersonal contacts in shaping microbiome composition. In a relatively 'closed' cohort of 287 people from the Fiji Islands, where common barriers to bacterial transmission are absent, we examine putative bacterial transmission in individuals' gut and oral microbiomes using strain-level data from both core single-nucleotide polymorphisms and flexible genomic regions. We find a weak signal of transmission, defined by the inferred sharing of genotypes, across many organisms that, in aggregate, reveals strong transmission patterns, most notably within households and between spouses. We were unable to determine the directionality of transmission nor whether it was direct. We further find that women harbour strains more closely related to those harboured by their familial and social contacts than men, and that transmission patterns of oral-associated and gut-associated microbiota need not be the same. Using strain-level data alone, we are able to confidently predict a subset of spouses, highlighting the role of shared susceptibilities, behaviours or social interactions that distinguish specific links in the social network.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of emotional intelligence and emotional labor on job satisfaction in a moderated mediation model, which posits surface and deep acting strategies as mediators.
TL;DR: This review summarises the current state of research with respect to the impact that sex hormones, diet, training and environmental stress have on an athlete’s iron status, drawing conclusions and recommendations for future work.
Abstract: Iron plays a significant role in the body, and is specifically important to athletes, since it is a dominant feature in processes such as oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Despite its importance, athlete populations, especially females and endurance athletes, are commonly diagnosed with iron deficiency, suggesting an association between sport performance and iron regulation. Although iron deficiency is most common in female athletes (~ 15–35% athlete cohorts deficient), approximately 5–11% of male athlete cohorts also present with this issue. Furthermore, interest has grown in the mechanisms that influence iron absorption in athletes over the last decade, with the link between iron regulation and exercise becoming a research focus. Specifically, exercise-induced increases in the master iron regulatory hormone, hepcidin, has been highlighted as a contributing factor towards altered iron metabolism in athletes. To date, a plethora of research has been conducted, including investigation into the impact that sex hormones, diet (e.g. macronutrient manipulation), training and environmental stress (e.g. hypoxia due to altitude training) have on an athlete’s iron status, with numerous recommendations proposed for consideration. This review summarises the current state of research with respect to the aforementioned factors, drawing conclusions and recommendations for future work.