Edith Cowan University

About: Edith Cowan University is a education organization based out in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 4040 authors who have published 13529 publications receiving 339582 citations. The organization is also known as: Edith Cowan & ECU.

Oxygen Vacancies in Shape Controlled Cu2O/Reduced Graphene Oxide/In2O3 Hybrid for Promoted Photocatalytic Water Oxidation and Degradation of Environmental Pollutants.

Abstract: A novel shape controlled Cu2O/reduced graphene oxide/In2O3 (Cu2O/RGO/In2O3) hybrid with abundant oxygen vacancies was prepared by a facile, surfactant-free method. The hybrid photocatalyst exhibits an increased photocatalytic activity in water oxidation and degradation of environmental pollutants (methylene blue and Cr6+ solutions) compared with pure In2O3 and Cu2O materials. The presence of oxygen vacancies in Cu2O/RGO/In2O3 and the formation of heterojunction between In2O3 and Cu2O induce extra diffusive electronic states above the valence band (VB) edge and reduce the band gap of the hybrid consequently. Besides, the increased activity of Cu2O/RGO/In2O3 hybrid is also attributed to the alignment of band edge, a process that is assisted by different Fermi levels between In2O3 and Cu2O, as well as the charge transfer and distribution onto the graphene sheets, which causes the downshift of VB of In2O3 and the significant increase in its oxidation potential. Additionally, a built-in electric field is gener...

Three‐year results of the Friendly Schools whole‐of‐school intervention on children’s bullying behaviour

Abstract: A group randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of the Friendly Schools program to reduce student bullying behaviour. This socio‐ecological intervention targeted the whole school, classroom, family, and individual students to reduce bullying behaviour. Self‐report data were collected in 29 schools over three years from a cohort of 1968 eight to nine‐year‐olds. Surveys measured frequency of being bullied, bullying others, telling if bullied and observing bullying. Results indicate that intervention students were significantly less likely to observe bullying at 12, 24 and 36 months and be bullied after 12 and 36 months, and significantly more likely to tell if bullied after 12 months than comparison students. No differences were found for self‐reported perpetration of bullying. The findings suggest whole‐of‐school programs that engage students in their different social contexts appear to reduce their experiences of being bullied and increase their likelihood of telling someone if they are bullied.

Light management technologies for increasing algal photobioreactor efficiency

Abstract: The ever-increasing demand for food, valuable bio-based compounds and energy has triggered the development of novel and sustainable resources. Microalgae are a promising source of sustainable high-value products. The need for light (suitable intensity and wavelength) and temperature control in microalgal cultures remains the most significant challenge limiting their photosynthetic efficiency and productivity. Appropriate light management has the potential to concurrently maximize photosynthetic productivity and control the temperature of microalgal photobioreactors resulting in a reduction in overall production costs. Here, we review innovations to improve light conversion efficiency and temperature control, such as spectral filtration, plasmonic waveguides, spectral shifting, wireless light emitters and insulated glazing, which typically increase the photosynthetic productivity, while avoiding overheating in photobioreactors. Infrared filtering reduces culture overheating in closed photobioreactors. Spectral shifting, plasmonic waveguiding, switchable glass and insulated glazing technologies can improve light quality received by algal cells. Improving light efficiency and distribution in the algal cultures can significantly enhance biomass productivity when used in open or closed cultivation systems. Based on this background, we illuminate the effectiveness of embedding the above-mentioned technologies into a novel insulated-glazed photovoltaic flat panel photobioreactor for simultaneously increasing the biomass and generating electricity, thus, eliminating the need for cooling systems. This approach opens the way for the development of cost-effective, low-carbon-footprint grid-independent integrated algae-based biorefineries with multi-product yields.

Preventing suicide in prisons, part I. Recommendations from the International Association for Suicide Prevention Task Force on Suicide in Prisons.

Abstract: In 2000 the Department of Mental Health of the World Health Organization (WHO) published a guide named Preventing Suicide. A Resource for Prison Officers as part of the WHO worldwide initiative for the prevention of suicide. In 2007 there are new epidemiological data on prison suicide, a more detailed discussion of risk factors accounting for the generally higher rate of suicide in correctional settings in comparison to the general population, and several strategies for developing screening instruments. As a first step, this paper presents an update of the WHO guide by the Task Force on Suicide in Prisons, created by the International Association for Suicide Prevention. A second paper, by the same Task Force, will present some international comparisons of suicide prevention services in correctional facilities.

A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change

Abstract: Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened >48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses. Determining progress in adaptation to climate change is challenging, yet critical as climate change impacts increase. A stocktake of the scientific literature on implemented adaptation now shows that adaptation is mostly fragmented and incremental, with evidence lacking for its impact on reducing risk.