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Institution

Eli Lilly and Company

CompanyIndianapolis, Indiana, United States
About: Eli Lilly and Company is a company organization based out in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agonist. The organization has 17826 authors who have published 22835 publications receiving 946714 citations. The organization is also known as: Eli Lily.
Topics: Population, Agonist, Insulin, Placebo, Olanzapine


Papers
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Patent
01 Apr 1994
TL;DR: A hand-held dual liquid medication injector (100, 400) having dual, bi-directional dosage metering mechanisms (252, 253, 410) for permitting a variable dosage amount for each cartridge (104, 106) of liquid medication as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A hand-held dual liquid medication injector (100, 400) having dual, bi-directional dosage metering mechanisms (252, 253, 410) for permitting a variable dosage amount for each cartridge (104, 106) of liquid medication. The medications are mixed within a manifold (122) having a valved mixing chamber (14) and are injected via a single cannula (121). The mixing chamber is valved (136) such that backflow of mixed or unmixed medications into the cartridges is prevented. An injection mechanism (116, 254, 412), independent of the metering mechanism, loads and injects the liquid medication. In one embodiment, transverse movement of the injection mechanism (116) during injection is translated into horizontal movement by the plunger mechanism. In another embodiment, a power-assisted plunger mechanism (412) accomplishes injection.

235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data suggest that the NE interplay with the serotonin system may exert neurobiological normalization of the pathophysiological state of anxious depression, and pharmacological interventions targeting the NE system can result in anxiolytic rather than anxiogenic outcomes when used to treat patients with anxiety and depression.
Abstract: Norepinephrine (NE) is a major monoamine neurotransmitter that has widespread effects across multiple brain areas to regulate arousal and stress responses. The underlying function of the NE cortical system is to balance vigilance/scanning behavior with focused attention on novel environmental stimuli and the state of arousal. The central NE system is involved intrinsically with the stress response system, and dysregulation within the NE system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depressive disorders. Central NE activity paradoxically has either anxiogenic or anxiolytic effects, depending on whether the time course of the stress is acute or chronic, whether the stress is predictable or unpredictable, and which underlying brain regions are affected. Under conditions of chronic stress, NE system activity dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system may turn a homeostatic stress response into a pathological stress response. Data suggest that the NE interplay with the serotonin system may exert neurobiological normalization of the pathophysiological state of anxious depression. Accordingly, pharmacological interventions targeting the NE system can result in anxiolytic, rather than anxiogenic, outcomes when used to treat patients with anxiety and depression.

235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The extent of the problem of attrition in central nervous system trials is considered here and its consequences are examined, and mixed-effects models often provide a useful data analytic strategy for attrition as do the pattern-mixture and propensity adjustments.

235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Community fingerprint analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the PCR-amplified V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene from the domainBacteria revealed that these seven reactors supported three distinct microbial communities, suggesting that at least one of these methods is insufficiently quantitative to determine total community biodiversity.
Abstract: Most municipal and industrial wastewaters generated in industrialized nations are treated to prevent the deterioration of surface water quality. Aerobic biological strategies are commonly used to treat wastewater containing soluble and particulate organic material. These bioreactors support mixed consortia of microorganisms that can simultaneously convert a broad spectrum of compounds into new cells, innocuous byproducts, carbon dioxide, and water. In spite of the importance of these processes, there is only a limited understanding of the relationship between microbial community structure and function. This is largely due to an inability to cultivate a large fraction of the organisms identified by direct counts, typically less than 15% for wastewater treatment processes (3). Recent developments in cultivation-independent techniques, such as the rRNA approach (25), now permit considerably more detailed and accurate analysis of mixed microbial communities. These studies have confirmed the presence of complex microbial communities that are likely the underlying reason for the functionally robust nature of biological wastewater treatment systems (for examples, see references 2, 5, 22, and 33). These studies have generally demonstrated that the dominant members of aerobic reactors treating municipal wastewater are from the β subdivision of the division Proteobacteria (5, 22, 33). Manz et al. (22), however, found that the dominant members of an industrial treatment facility were from the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteriodes division. Nonetheless, there have been very few studies investigating how different operating variables (temperature, pH, etc.) impact bacterial community structure and diversity. Our recent efforts have focused on the investigation of thermophilic aerobic biological treatment processes. These systems are often reported to be advantageous compared to conventional treatment processes because of more-rapid biodegradation rates and reduced cell yield without loss of physiological function (29, 34). However, the results from our laboratory studies suggest that thermophilic reactors are less adept at simultaneously utilizing multiple substrates (19) and in achieving efficient removal of carbonaceous substances (T. M. LaPara, C. H. Nakatsu, L. M. Pantea, and J. E. Alleman, submitted for publication) compared to analogous mesophilic systems. Our hypothesis was that these reductions in reactor function were associated with a reduction in reactor microbial diversity. Preliminary results provided by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes suggested that fewer distinct phylotypes were present in bench-scale thermophilic bioreactors as determined by band counting (16, 19). Herein, we analyze the bacterial community structures from a full-scale industrial wastewater treatment facility consisting of seven reactors operated in series. This treatment facility is quite unique (10); its first four reactors are typically operated at thermophilic temperatures (45 to 65°C), while the final three reactors are operated at much lower temperatures (25 to 35°C). The objective of this study was to determine if the thermophilic reactors supported reduced biodiversity compared to the mesophilic reactors. The phylogenetic diversity of the thermophilic and mesophilic bioreactors was studied by two complementary methods: (i) PCR-DGGE of the variable V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene and (ii) cloning and determination of the nucleotide sequence of nearly complete 16S rRNA genes amplified by PCR.

234 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Previous conclusions that circulating leptin is primarily a function of adiposity are supported and it is demonstrated for the first time that this relationship is independent of fat distribution or cardiorespiratory fitness is demonstrated.

234 citations


Authors

Showing all 17866 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Mark J. Daly204763304452
Irving L. Weissman2011141172504
Eric J. Topol1931373151025
Tony Hunter175593124726
Xiang Zhang1541733117576
Jerrold M. Olefsky14359577356
Stephen F. Badylak13353057083
George A. Bray131896100975
Lloyd Paul Aiello13150685550
Levi A. Garraway12936699989
Mark Sullivan12680263916
James A. Russell124102487929
Tony L. Yaksh12380660898
Elisabetta Dejana12243048254
Hagop S. Akiskal11856550869
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20236
202287
2021815
2020868
2019732
2018742