Eli Lilly and Company

About: Eli Lilly and Company is a company organization based out in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agonist. The organization has 17826 authors who have published 22835 publications receiving 946714 citations. The organization is also known as: Eli Lily.

Prevention of cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha in LNCaP cells by overexpression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin).

Abstract: Sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) expression has been associated with programmed cell death in the prostate, but its exact role remains unclear. The present study was carried out in an attempt to establish the function of SGP-2 in programmed cell death using tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-induced cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells as the model system. LNCaP is an androgen-sensitive, human prostatic cancer cell line that responds to TNF in culture by undergoing programmed cell death, as determined by the loss of cell number, failure to exclude trypan blue, detection of DNA fragmentation, and increased release of previously incorporated [3H]thymidine. Immunocytochemical staining for SGP-2 was weak but evident in LNCaP cells. Following treatment with TNF alpha, there was a time-dependent increase in SGP-2 staining, the intensity of which peaked at 2 h and declined thereafter. SGP-2 staining in LNCaP cells was undetectable prior to the onset of DNA fragmentation at 6 h of TNF treatment. This observation indicated that TNF-induced cell death in LNCaP cells was characterized by an initial transient elevation of SGP-2, followed by a period of SGP-2 depletion that preceded cell death. Transfection of LNCaP with a 21-base oligonucleotide antisense to SGP-2 resulted in a significant increase in cell death that was sequence specific and was accompanied by a reduction in SGP-2 biosynthesis. These findings supported the concept that SGP-2 depletion, rather than its expression, was associated with cell death. Finally, stable transfection and subsequent overexpression of SGP-2 in LNCaP cells resulted in resistance to the cytotoxic effect of TNF. These results have provided evidence to indicate that SGP-2 plays a role in the protection of TNF-induced cell death in LNCaP cells.

Method of making a thin film electrical component

Abstract: A biocompatible thin film electrical component is configured for use in a human body or other ionic liquid environment. A polyimide substrate is bonded to a glass carrier plate sized for handling by automatic equipment and a multiple-layer metal conductor is deposited on the substrate and patterned to define an electrical circuit or biosensor. The polyimide and the glass establish a bond therebetween that withstands handling yet is broken using biocompatible releasing agents and techniques. The polyimide substrate and glass carrier plate preferably have similar thermal expansion properties to reduce the likelihood of fracture and delamination problems during release of the substrate from the carrier plate. An insulation layer covers the metal conductor and, in one embodiment, is made of a polyimide having a cure temperature lower than the temperature at which interdiffusion occurs in the metal layers in the conductor.

Six and twelve month changes in bone turnover are related to reduction in vertebral fracture risk during 3 years of raloxifene treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Abstract: We studied the relationship between change in bone turnover and vertebral fracture risk during raloxifene therapy using 3-year data from the MORE trial, where 2622 of the 7705 randomized women had measurement of bone markers at baseline and after 6 and 12 months participation. Change in bone turnover was significantely related to future risk of vertebral fracture, also after adjusting for baseline vertebral fracture status and BMD. Thus, for a decrease of 9.3 mg/l in serum osteocalcin after 1 year’s raloxifene therapy, the odds ratio (OR) for a new vertebral fracture during 3 years was 0.69 (0.54–0.88), p= 0.003. Similarly, for a decrease of 5.91 mg/l in serum bone alkaline phosphatase, OR was 0.75 (0.62–0.92), p= 0.005. The change in BMD over 12 and 24 months was not related to fracture risk in any of the analyses. The strongest predictor for vertebral fracture was prevalent vertebral fracture – even during therapy. The predictive value of baseline BMD was in the same order of magnitude as bone turnover change during raloxifene treatment. In conclusion, the change in bone turnover is related to fracture risk during raloxifene therapy. In contrast the change in BMD is not related to fracture risk. The strongest predictor for vertebral fracture is prevalent vertebral fracture.

A 12-week, double-blind comparison of olanzapine vs haloperidol in the treatment of acute mania.

Abstract: Background This randomized controlled trial compares the efficacy and safety of olanzapine vs haloperidol, as well as the quality of life of patients taking these drugs, in patients with bipolar mania Methods The design consisted of 2 successive, 6-week, double-blind periods and compared flexible dosing of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d, n = 234) with haloperidol(3-15 mg/d, n = 219) Results Rates of remission (Young-Mania Rating Scale score of ≤12 and 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of ≤8 at week 6) were similar for olanzapine- and haloperidol-treated patients (521% vs 461%, respectively; P = 15) For the subgroup of patients whose index episode did not include psychotic features, rates of remission were significantly greater for the olanzapine group compared with the haloperidol group (567% vs 416%, P = 04) Relapse into an affective episode (mania and/or depression) occurred in 131% and 148% of olanzapine- and haloperidol-treated patients, respectively ( P = 56) Switch to depression occurred significantly more rapidly with haloperidol than with olanzapine when using survival analysis techniques ( P = 04), and significantly more haloperidol-treated patients experienced worsening of extrapyramidal symptoms, as indicated by several measures Weight gain was significantly greater in the olanzapine group compared with the haloperidol group (282 vs 002 kg, P Conclusions These data suggest that olanzapine does not differ from haloperidol in achieving overall remission of bipolar mania However, haloperidol carries a higher rate of extrapyramidal symptoms, whereas olanzapine is associated with weight gain

The nociceptive flexion reflex in humans -- review article.

Abstract: The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a physiological, polysynaptic reflex allowing for painful stimuli to activate an appropriate withdrawal response NFR is easily measurable in clinical setting, and is a reliable and objective tool for measurement of an individual's pain experience An exhaustive review of the literature, covering multiple search engines, indicates that the NFR method is valuable in studying the impact of diverse pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on the flexion reflex, in conditions of acute pain and in healthy volunteers More recently, the NFR method has gained particular attention as a research tool in studies of central sensitization and persistent or chronic pain