Eli Lilly and Company

About: Eli Lilly and Company is a company organization based out in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Agonist. The organization has 17826 authors who have published 22835 publications receiving 946714 citations. The organization is also known as: Eli Lily.

Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract: Objective Although twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. As prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yielded significant results, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to boost statistical power. Method We used data from four projects: a) the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP); b) phase I of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics project (IMAGE); c) phase II of IMAGE (IMAGE II); and d) the Pfizer-funded study from the University of California, Los Angeles, Washington University, and Massachusetts General Hospital (PUWMa). The final sample size consisted of 2,064 trios, 896 cases, and 2,455 controls. For each study, we imputed HapMap single nucleotide polymorphisms, computed association test statistics and transformed them to z-scores, and then combined weighted z-scores in a meta-analysis. Results No genome-wide significant associations were found, although an analysis of candidate genes suggests that they may be involved in the disorder. Conclusions Given that ADHD is a highly heritable disorder, our negative results suggest that the effects of common ADHD risk variants must, individually, be very small or that other types of variants, e.g., rare ones, account for much of the disorder's heritability.

Anti-AIDS agents, 11. Betulinic acid and platanic acid as anti-HIV principles from Syzigium claviflorum, and the anti-HIV activity of structurally related triterpenoids.

Abstract: Betulinic acid [1] and platanic acid [2], isolated from the leaves of Syzigium claviflorum, were found to be inhibitors of HIV replication in H9 lymphocyte cells. Evaluation of anti-HIV activity wich eight derivatives of 1 revealed that dihydrobetulinic acid [3] was also a potent inhibitor of HIV replication. The C-3 hydroxy group and C-17 carboxylic acid group, as well as the C-19 substituents, contribute to enhanced anti-HIV activity. The inhibitory activity of these compounds against protein kinase C (PKC) was also examined, since a correlation between anti-HIV and anti-PKC activities has been suggested. However, there was no apparent correlation between anti-HIV activity and the inhibition of PKC among these compounds

Teriparatide for Acceleration of Fracture Repair in Humans: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of 102 Postmenopausal Women With Distal Radial Fractures

Abstract: Animal experiments show a dramatic improvement in skeletal repair by teriparatide. We tested the hypothesis that recombinant teriparatide, at the 20 mu g dose normally used for osteoporosis treatment or higher, would accelerate fracture repair in humans. Postmenopausal women (45 to 85 years of age) who had sustained a dorsally angulated distal radial fracture in need of closed reduction but no surgery were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of once-daily injections of placebo (n = 34) or teriparatide 20 mu g (n = 34) or teriparatide 40 mu g (n = 34) within 10 days of fracture. Hypotheses were tested sequentially, beginning with the teriparaticle 40 mu g versus placebo comparison, using a gatekeeping strategy. The estimated median time from fracture to first radiographic evidence of complete cortical bridging in three of four cortices was 9.1, 7.4, and 8.8 weeks for placebo and teriparaticle 20 1 and 40 mu g, respectively (overall p = .015). There was no significant difference between the teriparaticle 40 mu g versus placebo groups (p = .523). In post hoc analyses, there was no significant difference between teriparaticle 40 1 versus 20 mu g (p = .053); however, the time to healing was shorter in teriparaticle 20 mu g than placebo (p = .006). The primary hypothesis that teriparatide 40 jug would shorten the time to cortical bridging was not supported. The shortened time to healing for teriparaticle 20 mu g compared with placebo still may suggest that fracture repair can be accelerated by teriparaticle, but this result should be interpreted with caution and warrants further study.