Eli Lilly and Company

About: Eli Lilly and Company is a company organization based out in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Receptor. The organization has 17826 authors who have published 22835 publications receiving 946714 citations. The organization is also known as: Eli Lily.

Impact of pain on depression treatment response in primary care.

Abstract: Objective Pain commonly coexists with depression, but its impact on treatment outcomes has not been well studied. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated the impact of comorbid pain on depression treatment response and health-related quality of life. Methods We analyzed data from the ARTIST study, a randomized controlled trial with naturalistic follow-up conducted in 37 primary care clinics. Participants were 573 clinically depressed patients randomized to one of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants: fluoxetine, paroxetine, or sertraline. Depression as assessed by the Symptom Checklist-20 (SCL-20) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included pain and health-related quality of life. Results Pain was reported by more than two thirds of depressed patients at baseline, with the severity of pain mild in 25% of patients, moderate in 30%, and severe in 14%. After 3 months of antidepressant therapy, 24% of patients had a poor depression treatment response (ie, SCL-20 >1.3). Multivariate odds ratios for poor treatment response were 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-3.2) for mild pain, 2.0 (1.1-4.0) for moderate pain, and 4.1 (1.9-8.8) for severe pain compared with those without pain. Increasing pain severity also had an adverse impact on outcomes in multiple domains of health-related quality of life. Conclusions Pain is present in two thirds of depressed primary care patients begun on antidepressant therapy, and the severity of pain is a strong predictor of poor depression and health-related quality of life outcomes at 3 months. Better recognition, assessment, and treatment of comorbid pain may enhance outcomes of depression therapy.

High Circulating Ghrelin: A Potential Cause for Hyperphagia and Obesity in Prader-Willi Syndrome

Abstract: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder occurring in 1 of 10,000 –16,000 live births and is characterized by excessive appetite with progressive massive obesity as well as short stature and mental retardation. Most patients have GH deficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The causes of the hyperphagia and abnormal GH secretion are unknown. To determine whether ghrelin, a novel GH secretagogue with orexigenic properties, is elevated in PWS, we measured fasting plasma ghrelin concentration; body composition (dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry); and subjective ratings of hunger (visual analog scale) in seven subjects (6 males and 1 female; age, 26 7 yr; body fat, 39 11%, mean SD) with PWS (diagnosis confirmed by genetic test) and 30 healthy subjects (reference population, 15 males and 15 females; age, 32 7 yr; body fat, 36 11%) fasted overnight. All subjects were weight stable for at least 6 months before admission to the study. The mean plasma ghrelin concentration was higher in PWS than in the reference population (307 164 vs. 109 24 fmol/ml; P < 0.001), and this difference remained significant after adjustment for percentage body fat (P < 0.001). Plasma ghrelin was also higher (P 0.0004) in PWS than in five healthy subjects fasted for 36 h. A positive correlation was found between plasma ghrelin and subjective ratings of hunger (r 0.71; P 0.008). Furthermore, in subjects with PWS, the concentration of the hormone was not different before and after ingestion of 2 ml and a satiating amount of the same liquid meal (ghrelin concentrations: 307 164 vs. 306 205 vs. 260 134 fmol/ml, respectively; ANOVA for repeated measures, P 0.56). This is the first evidence that ghrelin, a novel orexigenic hormone, is elevated in subjects with PWS. Our finding suggests that ghrelin may be responsible, at least in part, for the hyperphagia observed in PWS. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 5461–5464, 2002)

Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): the first twenty years.

Abstract: The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was funded by the National Institute on Aging in 1986 to develop standardized, validated measures for the assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) The present report describes the measures that CERAD developed during its first decade and their continued use in their original and translated forms These measures include clinical, neuropsychological, neuropathologic, and behavioral assessments of AD and also assessment of family history and parkinsonism in AD An approach to evaluating neuroimages did not meet the standards desired Further evaluations that could not be completed because of lack of funding (but where some materials are available) include evaluation of very severe AD and of service use and need by patient and caregiver The information that was developed in the US and abroad permits standardized assessment of AD in clinical practice, facilitates epidemiologic studies, and provides information valuable for individual and public health planning CERAD materials and data remain available for those wishing to use them