Showing papers by "Emory University published in 1970"
TL;DR: Lesions injuring the white matter produced anterograde degeneration in the nucleus praetectalis, three pulvinar nuclei, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the pregeniculate nucleus, which must have resulted from the interruption of fibers originating in areas other than the lateral striate cortex, and passing beneath the site of the lesion.
Abstract: Laminar lesions made by the thermocoagulation in the lateral striate cortex of Saimiri reveal details of three distinct groups of descending fibers: interlaminar, cortico-cortical, and cortico-subcortical. The two most massive connections originate mainly from layer III. These are the interlaminar fibers terminating in the underlying layer V, and the systematically arranged projection upon area 18. Another cortical projection upon a narrow region in the superior temporal sulcus originates mainly from the infragranular layers, from which originate also the fibers passing to three subcortical structures, viz. the colliculus superior, the medial pulvinar and the griseum pontis. These subcortical projections are sparse compared to the interlaminar and cortico-cortical connections. In particular, no evidence was obtained that the lateral geniculate nucleus receives fibers from the lateral striate cortex. Lesions injuring the white matter, however, produced, in addition, anterograde degeneration in the nucleus praetectalis, three pulvinar nuclei, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the pregeniculate nucleus. This degeneration must have resulted from the interruption of fibers originating in areas other than the lateral striate cortex, and passing beneath the site of the lesion.
The origin of the interlaminar fibers and of the association fibers upon area 18 provided strong evidence that, in Saimiri's striate cortex, the two sublayers traditionally referred to as sublayers IVa and IVb, actually form part of the conspicuously enlarged layer III which thus is subdivided into three distinct sublayers.
271 citations
TL;DR: Compared to decapitation, laparotomy and bleeding under ether anesthesia induced 3- to 8-fold increases in serum prolactin values at all times studied dur-ing the estrous cycle except on the afternoon of proestrus, when no further increase in already elevated levels was observed.
Abstract: The effect of method of blood col-lection on serum prolactin and LH levels was determined throughout the estrous cycle of the rat. Five animals were decapitated and 5 were bled from the abdominal aorta following lap-arotomy under ether anesthesia at each of the following times during the estrous cycle: 3 PM on diestrus days 1, 2 and 3 and 10 AM and 3 PM on the days of proestrus and estrus. Compared to decapitation, laparotomy and bleeding under ether anesthesia induced 3- to 8-fold increases in serum prolactin values at all times studied dur-ing the estrous cycle except on the afternoon of proestrus, when no further increase in already elevated levels was observed. Ether-laparotomy also elevated prolactin titers in ovariectomized females but not in males. Prolactin levels on the morning of proestrus in animals anesthetized with ether and then decapitated were higher than in decapitated animals but less than in ether-laparotomized animals. Serum concentrations of LH were not affected by any of the procedur...
236 citations
TL;DR: Orang-utans and chimpanzees can discriminate between two objects on the basis of tactile cues and select the one that matches a visually presented sample.
Abstract: Orang-utans and chimpanzees can discriminate between two objects on the basis of tactile cues and select the one that matches a visually presented sample.
219 citations
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TL;DR: Zones of the renal cortex are perfused at different rates and respond differently to changes in arterial pressure, which implies that the microsphere method is valid for measuring distribution of blood flow within the renal cortical.
Abstract: We determined the effect of perfusion pressure on the distribution of blood flow within the renal cortex of the anesthetized dog. Total blood flow to the denervated kidney was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter and perfusion pressure was manipulated over the autoregulatory range (136 to 81 mm Hg) by an aortic clamp. Distribution of cortical blood flow was determined by the radioactive microsphere technique. Tissue perfusion rates of four cortical zones of equal thickness differed significantly from each other at normal arterial pressure. In sequence from superficial to deep, perfusion of the cortex zones averaged 4.18, 6.80, 3.07, and 1.68 ml . g -1 . min -1 . Aortic constriction significantly reduced perfusion of the outer cortical zone and augmented perfusion of the inner two cortex zones. Twelve percent of total renal blood flow was redistributed by pressure reduction. Atropine, 1 mg/kg, had no effect on cortical perfusion rates at either pressure. The influence of microsphere diameter and density on cortex perfusion rates was systematically studied and found to be minor. This observation implies that the microsphere method is valid for measuring distribution of blood flow within the renal cortex. We conclude that zones of the renal cortex are perfused at different rates and respond differently to changes in arterial pressure.
167 citations
TL;DR: A significant number of cases with long-term follow-up has been presented which offers sufficient support for the widely held concept that the odontogenic adenomatoid tumor is a benign lesion that does not recur after conservative removal.
112 citations
95 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that serotonin is influenced by photoperiod fluctuations and suggest that the biogenic amine might be related to light-induced changes in neuroendocrine function.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of glucagon and epinephrine on the concentration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), the activity of phosphorylase a and the contractile amplitude of isolated perfused rat hearts was compared.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to contrast the effect of glucagon and that of epinephrine on the concentration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), the activity of phosphorylase a and the contractile amplitude of isolated perfused rat hearts. The two drugs were about equally effective except that the maximal augmentation of contractility by epinephrine (5 x 10-9 moles) was twice that produced by an equivalent dose of glucagon with a fourfold greater increase in cyclic AMP concentration. Combination of large doses of the two drugs caused increases in the cyclic nucleotide considerably greater than those required for maximal phosphorylase activation or associated with a maximal inotropic response. The effects of glucagon also developed more slowly than those of epinephrine. An increase in cyclic AMP was not detectable until after phosphorylase a and contractile amplitude had increased.
The beta-receptor-blocking agents dichloroisoproterenol and pronethalol did not block the biochemical responses to glucagon in doses which abolished the epinephrine-induced increases in cyclic AMP and phosphorylase a . These results, along with those obtained by other investigators, indicate that glucagon can elicit the same biochemical responses in intact heart as have been obtained with epinephrine, but by action at a different receptor site.
TL;DR: With early recognition of the disease the patient and his family often become involved in a program of intensive treatment that continues for the remainder of his life, with death usually intervening in early adult life.
Abstract: Recent advances in detection and management of cystic fibrosis have significantly improved the affected individual’s chances of survival beyond childhood years. With early recognition of the disease the patient and his family often become involved in a program of intensive treatment that continues for the remainder of his life.1’3 The daily care at home necessitates large expenditures of time and effort for the patient and his parents. The financial burden can be considerable, resulting often in the depletion of savings and the forgoing of luxuries and vacations. Siblings frequently must defer their needs and desires as the patient becomes the focus of attention. In the more severe cases, recurrent hospitalization of the sick child for complications disrupts family routine and creates emotional crises. Finally, despite the most adequate care, the course of the disease may be inexorable, with death usually intervening in early adult life4.
TL;DR: In this paper, birth weight-gestational age tables have been calculated for 7,547 indigent Caucasian and 9,800 indigent Negro deliveries, including incomplete cases, macerated stillborn fetuses, and incomplete cases were excluded.
Abstract: Birth weight-gestational age tables have been calculated for 7,547 indigent Caucasian and 9,800 indigent Negro deliveries. Twin pregnancies, macerated stillborn fetuses, and incomplete cases were excluded. The various collected data were tabulated by race and sex, and the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles were determined. The 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles are graphed. Ten standards for future birth weight-gestational age studies are suggested.
TL;DR: Progesterone can apparently exert biphasic effects on the induction of receptivity in female mice, and the mouse appears similar to the guinea pig and rat.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the potential for androgen administered in infancy to induce masculinization of female mice with respect to androgen aroused aggressive behavior in adulthood exists for at least one month after birth.
TL;DR: A method is presented which permits the quantitation of these two drugs and primidone from the same 0.5 ml sample of serum, which shows a lower range of phenobarbital half‐life in children treated for epilepsy than that published for adults.
Abstract: Children were treated for epilepsy with phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin. In 2 cases, diphenylhydantoin could not be detected in the serum when combined with doses of phenobarbital above 1 mg. per kilogram per day. Other cases showed either a lowering of hydantoin levels or no change in the presence of phenobarbital. A method is presented which permits the quantitation of these two drugs and primidone from the same 0.5 ml. sample of serum. Serum half‐life of phenobarbital in 6 children was in the range of 37 to 73 hours. This is a lower range than that published for adults
TL;DR: Control and experimental brains of Galago were used to study the subcortical optic nuclei and their retinal input and Weil, Nissl and Fink‐Heimer methods were employed.
Abstract: Control and experimental brains of Galago were used to study the subcortical optic nuclei and their retinal input. Weil, Nissl and Fink-Heimer methods were employed.
The pregeniculate nucleus receives predominantly contralateral retinal input. Terminal degeneration is found only in its pars grisea, but not in its pars fibrosa. The lateral geniculate nucleus exhibits seven demonstrable laminae. Laminae 0, 2, 3 and 4 receive ipsilateral retinal input, whereas laminae 1, 5 and 6 receive contralateral input without overlap. In Fink-Heimer preparations only the ipsilateral lamina 4 and the contralateral lamina 5 show clusters of argyrophilic spherules which probably indicate axo-dendritic termination of retinofugal fibers. The nucleus praetectalis posterior and nucleus tractus optici receive predominantly contralateral retinal input. In all likelihood, only the stratum griseum superficiale of the superior colliculus receives retionfugal fibers. On the basis of the very remarkable pattern of terminal degeneration, we divide this stratum into substrata A, B and C. The ipsilateral superior colliculus receives retinal input to its substratum B and the contralateral superior colliculus receives retinal input to its substratum A only. Substratum C receives probably no retinal input.
TL;DR: Gene c 3, in addition to affecting the establishment of lysogeny, appears to be essential for vegetative phage development at early and late times after infection.
TL;DR: Stimulation of tooth pulpal nerves in both anesthetized and alert cats elicited a vigorous jaw depression reflex and Disappearance of the jaw depression response following endodontic therapy indicated that the response was not caused by spread of current to extrapulpal nerve fibers.
TL;DR: Electron-probe x-ray microanalysis of the defective hair shaft revealed a marked deficiency of sulfur, the periodicity of which differs from that found in the normal hair.
TL;DR: The study examined the relationship of three individual difference variables—need for approval, a belief in internal versus external control of reinforcement, and verbal intelligence— to acquisition, extinction, and awareness in a verbal conditioning task.
Abstract: Summary
The present study examined the relationship of three individual difference variables—need for approval, a belief in internal versus external control of reinforcement, and verbal intelligence— to acquisition, extinction, and awareness in a verbal conditioning task Based on a postexperiment interview and recognition task, subjects were grouped according to their awareness of the response-reinforcement contingencies and the degree to which they admitted influence by the experimenter Approval motivated subjects were more likely to acquire the reinforced response regardless of awareness levels than were low need for approval subjects. Subjects assessed as internal were more likely to deny influence by the experimenter and in some instances were more resistant to extinction than subjects called external Subjects higher in verbal intelligence evidenced more awareness than subjects with lower intelligence scores Results suggest that the inclusion of individual difference variable is of crucial importance to a clear understanding of the experimenter-subject interaction in the verbal conditioning situation Implications for the other dyadic interactions, particularly psychotherapy, were discussed
TL;DR: The distribution of cortical blood flow during renal vasodilation induced by four maneuvers; reduction of perfusion pressure, intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine, and diuresis induced by ethacrynic acid or mannitol is studied to propose that it reflects differential responsiveness of individual cortex zones.
Abstract: We studied the distribution of cortical blood flow during renal vasodilation induced by four maneuvers; reduction of perfusion pressure, intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine, and diuresis induced by ethacrynic acid or mannitol. Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and urinary losses replaced. Bloodflow of the denervated kidney was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter,and distribution of renal cortical blood flow analyzed by the radioactive microsphere technique. Acetylcholine caused progressively greater proportional vasodilation from superficial to deep cortex. The resulting pattern of flow redistribution was nearly identical to that observed in response to reduced perfusion pressure (autoregulation). Since the same pattern of heterogeneous cortical response was elicited by two qualitatively different stimuli, we propose that it reflects differential responsiveness of individual cortex zones. Ethacrynic acid redistributed flow in a different pattern, augmenting the proportion to the middle, b...
TL;DR: No single common source of the organism other than the infant population was demonstrated and the presence of many klebsiellae at the onset of colonization and as late as 18 days after acquisition was demonstrated.
TL;DR: It was concluded that administration of estrogen to neonatal female mice facilitates the differentiation of androgen sensitive mechanisms for adult aggressive behavior.
TL;DR: Criteria are proposed for identifying lesions of the two conditions: recurrent intraoral herpes simplex and those of recurrent aphthae.
Abstract: The lesions of recurrent intraoral herpes simplex and those of recurrent aphthae are clinically and etiologically different. Failure to recognize the difference may be due to conflicting terminology used in the literature, the transient nature of changes detectable by cytology, and the short period in which herpes virus is isolable from oral lesions. Criteria are proposed for identifying lesions of the two conditions.
TL;DR: Three cases that were initially diagnosed as either typical of, or compatible with, the benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid are presented and the authors express the belief that these lesions may represent the malignant histopathologic counterpart of the benign cancerous lesion.
Abstract: Three cases that were initially diagnosed as either typical of, or compatible with, the benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid are presented. The behavior of these lesions was decidedly not benign and they eventuated in local recurrence, regional metastases, and, in one case, distant metastases. The authors express the belief that these lesions may represent the malignant histopathologic counterpart of the benign lymphoepithelial lesion.
TL;DR: In anesthetized dogs and cats, intravenous L-dopa reduced the increase in mean blood pressure in response to bilateral carotid occlusion by 77.5% (P<0.01) while the response to intra-arterial norepinephrine was unchanged.
Abstract: In anesthetized dogs and cats, intravenous L-dopa reduced the increase in mean blood pressure in response to bilateral carotid occlusion by 77.5% (P<0.01). In the presence of a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (Ro 4·4602), this effect was absent. Transmission across the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion in the cat was unaltered by the administration of L-dopa. Carotid artery infusion in the dog of 20% of the effective intravenous dose of L-dopa or dopamine failed to inhibit the response to bilateral carotid occlusion. The pressor response to intravenous tyramine in the dog was potentiated (P<0.05) by L-dopa. In the dog, the increase in femoral vascular resistance to lumbar sympathetic nerve stimulation was attenuated (P<0.05) by L-dopa while the response to intra-arterial norepinephrine was unchanged. Thus, inhibition of postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity is a possible mechanism by which L-dopa impaired the carotid sinus reflex.
TL;DR: Evidence is presented which strongly suggests that one of the major determinants of glycogen concentration is phosphorylase kinase; inverse correlations of the enzyme and glycogen were found during neonatal development and among hybrid females, where content of phosphory Lase in muscle is highly variable.
Abstract: The genetic locus for alleles (+k and k) that determine the presence and absence of the muscle enzyme, phosphorylase kinase, has been located on the X chromosome of the mouse. The inheritance of glycogen content in resting skeletal muscle follows the Mendelian pattern, and the genes which determine it must also be sex-linked. Evidence is presented which strongly suggests that one of the major determinants of glycogen concentration is phosphorylase kinase; inverse correlations of the enzyme and glycogen were found during neonatal development and among hybrid females, where content of phosphorylase kinase in muscle is highly variable. This variability in kinase content also determines the degree of the epinephrine effect (formation of phosphorylase a) in these hybrid females. The hybrid mice (F1, F2, and first backcross) were obtained from crosses of I/FnLn and C57BL/FnLn mice. Adult mice of the I strain completely lack phosphorylase kinase in skeletal muscle and have a high glycogen content.