Showing papers by "Emory University published in 1972"
TL;DR: The present status of the field of fluorescence yields, radiationless (Auger and Coster-Kronig) and radiative transition probabilities is summarized in this article, where experimental and theoretical results are included, and tables of best values of important quantities are presented.
Abstract: The present status of the field of fluorescence yields, radiationless (Auger and Coster-Kronig) and radiative transition probabilities is summarized. Tables of experimental and theoretical results are included, and tables of "best values" of important quantities are presented.
1,511 citations
TL;DR: The recovery rate of alcoholic hepatitis was slow; the lesion improved but persisted for 6 to 12 months in 6 patients who did not develop cirrhosis; only 3 of the 11 recovered normal liver.
248 citations
TL;DR: The surge of prolactin secretion in estrogen-treated female rats ovariectomized when adult was inhibited by a retrochiasmatic cut separating the anterior from the medial part of the hypothalamus, demonstrating fundamental sexual differences in the regulation of prolACTin secretion.
Abstract: Estrogen treatment of female rats ovariectomized when adult or of adult neonatally castrated males resulted, on the afternoon and evening of the 3rd day after initiation of treatment, in surges of prolactin secretion which reached 100 ng/ml. Males castrated when adult or androgen sterilized females ovariectomized when adult did not produce surges in response to estrogen treatment, prolactin levels remaining in the range of 10–20 ng/ml. In contrast to these sexual differences, baseline prolactin levels in untreated gonadectomized males or androgen sterilized females were significantly higher than in untreated gonadectomized females or neonatally castrated males. The surge of prolactin secretion in estrogen-treated female rats ovariectomized when adult was inhibited by a retrochiasmatic cut separating the anterior from the medial part of the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate fundamental sexual differences in the regulation of prolactin secretion. These differences may result from androgens inhibiting,...
230 citations
01 Dec 1972
159 citations
TL;DR: Odontogenic cysts which exhibit keratinization of the epithelial lining have a greater tendency to recur than do nonkeratinizing cysts, and a clue to the recurrent potential is the presence of budding-like hyperplasia of the basal-cell layer and microcysts in the cyst wall.
135 citations
TL;DR: The patterns of prolactin secretion during the estrous cycle and pseudopregnancy were determined in rats bearing chronic aortic catheters from which blood samples were withdrawn at 2-hr intervals throughout both reproductive states.
Abstract: The patterns of prolactin secretion during the estrous cycle and pseudopregnancy were determined in rats bearing chronic aortic catheters from which blood samples were withdrawn at 2-hr intervals throughout both reproductive states. Prolactin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Except for the spontaneous proestrus surges observed at the beginning and end of the blood collection, plasma prolactin concentrations during the estrous cycle were low, never rising above 10 ng/ml. In pseudopregnant animals, prolactin concentrations were highly erratic but significantly elevated during the 24 hr period following cervical stimulation. Beginning on day 1 and at approximately 24-hr intervals thereafter through day 11, a surge of prolactin secretion occurred, beginning at 0100 hr, peaking at 0300–0500 hr and terminating by 0900–1100 hr. Maximal mean prolactin values during the surges ranged from 40–110 ng/ml. These daily nocturnal surges of pseudopregnancy alternate daily with a period from 1100 hr to ...
118 citations
TL;DR: No definite universal pattern could be established for the four muscles because there was great inter-subject variability in both the duration and the sequence of activity, and each individual has his own swallowing pattern, but different people may swallow quite differently.
Abstract: The geniohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, and genioglossus muscles of 20 human subjects were studied electromyographically to determine the temporal relationships of their activities during the act of swallowing. Although the firing order of the four muscles varied within the same subject, the best estimate of the “true” firing sequence was established for each of the 18 subjects who provided statistically significant data. However, no definite universal pattern could be established for the four muscles because there was great inter-subject variability in both the duration and the sequence of activity. Therefore, at least with respect to these four muscles, each individual has his own swallowing pattern, but different people may swallow quite differently.
The type of bolus (saliva vs water) may influence the duration of the muscles' activity. On the other hand, posture (semi-reclined vs sitting) did not seem to have any influence. There was no evidence to indicate that posture and/or the type of bolus are correlated with the sequence of muscular activity.
The anterior belly of the digastric muscle was not active in one-quarter of the swallows studied. When active during deglutition, all muscles had a general electromyographic pattern of one to many summations of activity separated by relatively quiet periods before and after each swallow.
117 citations
TL;DR: The experimental evidence confirms the anatomical hypothesis that the multifidi are stabilizers rather than prime movers of the whole vertebral column, and suggests that the transversospinal muscles adjust the motion between individual vertebrae.
Abstract: The deep layers of the transversospinal back muscles were studied in 25 healthy human subjects. Bipolar fine wire electrodes were inserted bilaterally at the level of the sixth thoracic and the third lumbar spinous processes. Activity was registered simultaneously in sitting and standing, and during movements while in these positions. It was shown that the same muscle group displayed different patterns of activity in the thoracic compared to the lumbar level. Variations in the pattern of activity during forward flexion, extension and axial rotation suggest that the transversospinal muscles adjust the motion between individual vertebrae. The experimental evidence confirms the anatomical hypothesis that the multifidi are stabilizers rather than prime movers of the whole vertebral column.
115 citations
TL;DR: Lesions placed in area MT of Callithrix revealed a surprising variety of cortico‐cortical connections, including those of the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes all known to be photically responsive.
Abstract: The efferent cortico-cortical fiber connections of the middle temporal visual area (MT) have been studied. The primate area MT was shown by various authors to receive a fiber projection from area 17; physiologically it shows a retinotopical organization. Lesions placed in area MT of Callithrix revealed a surprising variety of cortico-cortical connections. Termination sites of degenerating axons were found ipsilaterally in the frontal eye field and in eight regions of the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes all known to be photically responsive.
Callosal fibers terminated in the contralateral area MT and in two adjoining areas. The termination site in area MT suggested a homotopic point to point connection meaning that in area MT the entire retinal representation is connected transcallosally, whereas in the classical visual areas only the regions of midline representation are connected.
The projection of intrinsic interlaminar fibers from the supragranular layers upon layer V was weakly developed in area MT.
114 citations
TL;DR: Electron and light microscopic studies indicated that the retinas of Albino rats were irreversibly damaged and that the degeneration was specifically localized to the photoreceptor cells.
Abstract: Albino rats were exposed to fluorescent illumination for four to six months at an intensity which would not cause photocoagulation of the retina. Electron and light microscopic studies indicated that the retinas of these animals were irreversibly damaged and that the degeneration was specifically localized to the photoreceptor cells. Photoreceptors were not found in any of these retinas. Prolonged exposure to low intensity, visible light had no apparent effect on the bipolar neurons and ganglion cells or on their interconnections in the inner plexiform layer. Pigment epithelial cells survived the exposure and were unchanged except for extreme compaction of the apical villous processes in the retinal zone where the photoreceptors were located prior to their destruction. In some degenerated retinas the bipolar neurons were displaced along blood vessels extending from the inner ganglion cell layer to the outer retinal layers. Some of these blood vessels apparently formed anastomoses between the central retinal circulation and the choriocapillaries. The outer Muller cell processes, which contained numerous lamellated and tubular structures, expanded to cover the area adjacent to the pigment epithelium and to form an outer limiting membrane, which was displaced in position in comparison with a normal retina.
110 citations
TL;DR: Replacement therapy with exogenous androgen failed to restore post-operative deficits in mating behavior in bulbectomized mice, suggesting intact olfactory input is a necessary condition for the occurrence of matingbehavior in male mice.
TL;DR: Variations during the cycle in urinary estrone, estradiol–17β, pregnanediol and plasma progesterone corresponded to those in the human, and there was a marked mid—cy...
Abstract: Urinary estrone, estradiol–17β, estriol and pregnanediol were identified and measured during 3 normal menstrual cycles in 3 chimpanzees. During the first half of the menstrual cycle, the animals excreted 1–10 βg/day estrone, 0.5–5.0 βg/day estradiol–17β, 0.1–0.8 μg/day estriol, and < 20–700 Hg/day pregnanediol. In the second half of the cycle, corresponding values were 1–20 μg/day estrone, 1–9 μg/day estradiol– 17β, < 1.0–2.5 μg/day estriol, and <20–1860 μg/ day pregnanediol. The values for estrone and estradiol–17β are similar to those found during the human menstrual cycle, but the levels for estriol are strikingly lower. Levels for urinary pregnanediol were significantly lower than in the human, both in absolute terms and in relation to the plasma progesterone levels. Plasma progesterone levels (26 subjects) were similar to those in the human. Variations during the cycle in urinary estrone, estradiol–17β, pregnanediol and plasma progesterone corresponded to those in the human. There was a marked mid—cy...
TL;DR: It is observed that the smaller rat protein is much less encephalitogenic in the guinea pig than the larger, and a deletion in the smaller protein corresponding to bovine and human residues 117–156 or 118–157 is explained.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the abolition of intermale aggressive behavior after bulb removal is not due to the production of anosmia per se.
TL;DR: Responses of units in a specific ventrolateral fasciculus of the medial forebrain bundle in the lateral hypothalamus of anesthetized rats have been studied during two types of olfactory stimulation, finding that units with short latencies to Olfactory bulb shock were more likely to respond to air borne odors.
TL;DR: Electrocardiograms were recorded in 5 patients accidentally exposed to cold, finding characteristic electrocardiographic findings in hypothermia are bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, muscle tremor artifact, prolongation of the QRS complex with “J” or “Osborn” waves and prolongation the Q-T interval.
Abstract: Electrocardiograms were recorded in 5 patients accidentally exposed to cold. All 5 patients came from either a poorly heated room or the open air. Usually there was some alteration of mental function or ability to walk, resulting in prolonged exposure to cold. The characteristic electrocardiographic findings in hypothermia are bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, muscle tremor artifact, prolongation of the QRS complex with “J” or “Osborn” waves and prolongation of the Q-T interval. In these patients changes ranged from mild to severe. Follow-up tracings were obtained in 3. The electrocardiogram can be of considerable value in revealing hypothermic states with low “core” temperature. Severe electrocardiographic changes are easily detected and usually are associated with a grave underlying illness and poor prognosis. Milder degrees of hypothermia result in recognizable electrocardiographic changes that can be helpful in evaluating a recorded low rectal temperature.
TL;DR: The accuracy and specificity of the RTHRLA was determined by measurement of hLH activity in a variety of human pituitary fractions having widely divergent contents of LH, FSH and TSH, and comparison of these results with those obtained using the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion and ventral prostate growth bioassays.
Abstract: A rat testis homogenate radioligand receptor assay (RTH-RLA) has been characterized with respect to its usefulness for measurement of LH activity in fractions derived from human pituitary glands. The precision of the RTH-RLA appears adequate as judged by standard statistical analysis of inter- and intra-assay variations in response. The accuracy and specificity of the RTHRLA was determined by measurement of hLH activity in a variety of human pituitary fractions having widely divergent contents of LH, FSH and TSH, and comparison of these results with those obtained using the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion (OAAD) and ventral prostate growth (VPW) bioassays. LER-907 was the reference preparation for all assays used in these comparisons. However LER-907, the 2nd IRP-HMG and the 2nd IS-hCG all gave parallel inhibition curves in the RTHRLA. The mean index of discrimination (ID) RLA/OAAD for measurement of LH content in 20 human pituitary glycoprotein hormone preparations was 1.29. The mean ID RLA/VPW for 8 sim...
TL;DR: Isometric handgrip exercise is a simple cardiovascular stress test applicable at the bedside for provoking abnormal physical signs associated with decreased left ventricular compliance or dysfunction in patients with atherosclerotic heart disease or cardiomyopathy.
Abstract: The hemodynamic effects of maximal isometric handgrip exercise were determined in 6 normal subjects, 27 patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and 6 patients with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy. The hemodynamic responses to isometric handgrip exercise and to dynamic treadmill exercise were compared in normal subjects and patients with atherosclerotic heart disease. In normal subjects, isometric handgrip did not alter heart sounds or precordial apex pulsations, but in patients with atherosclerotic heart disease it either accentuated or evoked atrial or ventricular gallop sounds in 59 and 44 percent, respectively. In patients with atherosclerotic heart disease and those with cardiomyopathy, apical diastolic pulsations markedly increased in amplitude during isometric handgrip. In both normal subjects and patients isometric exercise produced similar responses in systolic time intervals. Isometric handgrip evoked rapid and significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in all normal subjects and patients. The product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate/100 (modified tension-time index) was used as an index of myocardial oxygen demand. Treadmill exercise increased mean modified tension-time index in normal subjects and in patients with atherosclerotic heart disease by 215 (+244 percent) and 147 units (+150 percent), respectively. Handgrip increased mean modified tensiontime index by 52 units in both normal subjects and patients with atherosclerotic heart disease patients (+60 and +49 percent, respectively) and by 38 units (+39 percent) in patients with cardiomyopathy. Isometric handgrip exercise is a simple cardiovascular stress test, applicable at the bedside for provoking abnormal physical signs associated with decreased left ventricular compliance or dysfunction in patients with atherosclerotic heart disease or cardiomyopathy.
TL;DR: Rats without receptor cells could not only retain a visual habit learned prior to the degeneration, but could learn new discriminations at rates indistinguishable from control animals, which strongly suggest that retinal elements other than receptor cells are sensitive to light.
TL;DR: It is found that the ratio (w/w) of chloramine—T to protein as well as length of exposure to chloramine- T before termination of the reaction with sodium metabisulfite, were critically important in determining the binding properties of the labeled hormone or subunit.
Abstract: The binding of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its α– and β–subunits, by rat testicular homogenates (RTH) and rat testicular interstitial tissue (RTIT) preparations was investigated by direct uptake studies, using fractions labeled with m I by the chloramine—T procedure, as well as by uptake inhibition studies. We found that the ratio (w/w) of chloramine—T to protein as well as length of exposure to chloramine— T before termination of the reaction with sodium metabisulfite, were critically important in determining the binding properties of the labeled hormone or subunit. The direct uptake of suitably labeled hCG could be inhibited by preincubation of RTH or RTIT with cold hCG, human LH or bovine LH. Inhibition was also noted following preincubation of RTH with the α– or β–subunits of hCG, human TSH or human FSH. This could be explained, however, on the basis of contamination of these preparations with intact hCG or LH. The uptake of labeled hCG by RTH or RTIT was considerably greater than that foun...
TL;DR: From intramuscular bipolar fine‐wire electrodes in the four heads of quadriceps femoris, electromyographic recordings were made (along with electrogoniometric records) in nine normal men and women during selected postures and movements of the loaded and unloaded knee.
Abstract: From intramuscular bipolar fine-wire electrodes in the four heads of quadriceps femoris, electromyographic recordings were made (along with electrogoniometric records) in nine normal men and women during selected postures and movements of the loaded and unloaded knee. Variation between the onset and cessation of activity between the four heads and from subject to subject was found, but the vastus medialis reflected the general pattern of activity rather than acting only terminally during extension. Rectus femoris had the shortest span of activity during extension of the knee.
TL;DR: Ten subjects performed a series of elbow and forearm movements while the activity of the anconeus, triceps (medial head), supinator, and pronator teres were monitored electromyographically and recorded.
Abstract: Ten subjects performed a series of elbow and forearm movements while the activity of the anconeus, triceps (medial head), supinator, and pronator teres were monitored electromyographically and recorded. No support is given to the idea that the anconeus is involved in pronation; more likely it is a joint stabilizer.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the young chimpanzee may be a suitable model for experimental studies of alcoholism.
Abstract: Young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) will accept ethanol in quantities sufficient to produce symptoms of withdrawal when ethanol is subsequently discontinued. Mild to severe symptoms of physical dependence, including grand mal seizures, are observed when ethanol is abruptly withdrawn after 6 to 10 weeks of chronic oral intake. In addition, the rate of disappearance of ethanol in blood increased during periods of chronic ingestion, an indication of developing metabolic tolerance. These results suggest that the young chimpanzee may be a suitable model for experimental studies of alcoholism.
TL;DR: Two cell types have been found in the subthalamic nucleus of barbiturate anesthetized cats, designated ‘A’ and ‘B’ type cells, which are not spontaneously active, but respond to pallidal stimulation with a long latency, high frequency burst of spikes.
TL;DR: The clinical and histologic findings would seem to indicate nevus unius lateris, but the associated findings could also suggest neVus sebaceus of Jadassohn as part of a neurocutaneous syndrome.
TL;DR: Zytkoskee, Strickland, and Watson as discussed by the authors found that internal white students chose more delayed rewards than external white students, while black students were more likely to be assessed as external than whites.
Abstract: Sixth-grade black and white students were offered one 45-rpm record as an immediate reward for completing a locus of control measure or three records if they would wait for the experimenter, either a black or a white male, to return 3 weeks later. About 80% of the white students chose the delayed, more valuable reward, regardless of the race of the experimenter. Thirty-three percent of the black students chose the delayed reward from the white experimenter, and 56% chose from the Negro experimenter. Black students were more likely to be assessed as external than whites. While no relationship was found between locus of control and delay behavior among blacks, internal white students chose more delayed rewards than external white students. Results are discussed in terms of the mistrust of the white experimenter on the part of the black students. Zytkoskee, Strickland, and Watson (1971),
TL;DR: In rats bearing aortic catheters, implanted at 2000-2200 hr on diestrus-2, the proestrus prolactin surge was of greater duration and had higher maximal values than in the decapitated rats, and in contrast, although the LH surge had an equal duration, it reached maximal values that were approximat...
Abstract: The “surges” of prolactin and LH secretion occurring on the afternoon and evening of proestrus were studied in rats exhibiting 4 day estrous cycles by radioimmunologic analysis of serum collected by decapitation of rats (10/ group) at 2 hr intervals from 1100 hr proestrus to 0300 hr estrus. The prolactin surge had a duration of about 8-10 hr, beginning at approximately 1500 hr and ending at about 2300 hr on proestrus. Baseline values were about 4 ng/ml and maximal values, occurring at 1700-1900 hr, were approximately 40 ng/ml. The pattern of LH values can be similarly described, except that a sharper peak was observed (approximately 60 ng/ml at 1900 hr) and lower basal values in the range of 0.5 ng/ ml were obtained. In rats bearing aortic catheters, implanted at 2000-2200 hr on diestrus-2, the proestrus prolactin surge was of greater duration and had higher maximal values than in the decapitated rats. In contrast, although the LH surge had an equal duration, it reached maximal values that were approximat...