Showing papers by "Emory University published in 1977"
TL;DR: The use of such a myocutaneous flap is reported in a 3 I-year-old woman who 4 years previously had a radical mastectomy, including removal of the pectoralis major, for a stage I carcinoma.
305 citations
TL;DR: The quantitative relationship between LHRH and LH secretion was investigated in the rhesus monkey using a trans-sphenoidal surgical approach and radioimmunoassay.
Abstract: The quantitative relationship between LHRH and LH secretion was investigated in the rhesus monkey. Pituitary stalk blood was collected using a trans-sphenoidal surgical approach and analyzed for LHRH by radioimmunoassay. Stalk blood was collected from 3 groups of monkeys: a) 5 animals in the mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle exhibiting low peripheral plasma LH levels, b) 7 animals undergoing preovulatory-like LH surges one of which occurred spontaneously and 6 of which were induced by estradiol benzoate treatment, and c) 4 ovariectomized animals exhibiting tonically elevated LH levels. LHRH was detected in the stalk plasma of all animals (> 10 pg/ml) but none was found in peripheral plasma. The correlation coefficient for peripheral plasma LH levels and stalk plasma LHRH levels was 0.66 (P < 0.01) when all animals were considered and 0.79 (P < 0.01) when only the follicular phase and preovulatory animals were considered. Moreover, LHRH levels in stalk plasma were significantly elevated (P <0.05)...
172 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented for the concept that the formation of mixed disulfides of proteins with glutathione is a mechanism for maintenance of a disulfide-sulfhydryl ratio such that the integrity of particulate membranes is maintaine during oxidative and reductive stresses on the hepatic cells.
172 citations
TL;DR: The rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to be described was successfully used in one case of primary reconstruction of acute traumatic losses of the abdominal wall and showed marked tenderness and instability in pressure areas overlying the synthetic mesh.
156 citations
TL;DR: Borders for μ(Γ) are computed in terms of the number of vertices in Γ and the diameter of Γ to prove a formula for computing μ( Γ) whenΓ is a tree which is particularly useful when Γ has a high degree of symmetry.
156 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that in the absence of ovarian steroids the suckling stimulus can effectively inhibit the postcastration rise in LH and FSH secretion for at least 15 days postpartum and is a less potent inhibitor of FSH than LH secretion and cannot maintain serum LH andFSH below basal cycling values.
Abstract: The relative effects of the suckling stimulus and ovarian steroids on gonadotropin inhibition during lactation were studied in 3 groups of rats: lactating-intact (Group 1) lactating-ovariectomized (Group 2) and nonlactating-ovariectomized (Group 3). On Day 2 postpartum litter sizes were adjusted to 0 or 8 pups and ovariectomy performed. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in Group 1 were significantly lower (5X) than basal cycling levels. Serum and pitutitary concentrations of LH in Group 2 gradually increased but did not differ markedly from Group 1 until 15-20 days postpartum. At all times the postcastration rise in serum and pituitary LH was inhibited in Group 2 compared with Group 3. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations in Group 1 remained similar to basal cycling levels while pituitary FSH concentrations gradually increased. Serum and pituitary FSH concentrations in Group 2 increased dramatically throughout lactation but did not equal Group 3 until Days 15-20. Serum progesterone concentrations increased during lactation reaching maximal values on Day 10 and declining to basal levels by Day 20. Estradiol concentrations increased from low levels on Day 2 to reach basal values by Day 10 and diestrous-2 levels by Day 20. These findings indicate that in the absence of ovarian steroids the suckling stimulus: 1) can effectively inhibit the postcastration rise in LH and FSH secretion for at least 15 days postpartum; 2) is a less potent inhibitor of FSH than LH secretion; 3) and cannot maintain serum LH and FSH below basal cycling values.(Authors modified)
143 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that isotonic training results in adaptive changes in ventricular volume and mass, slower heart rates that may be associated with more efficient pumping function (that is, increasing stroke volume) and insignificant alterations in resting ejection phase indexes of left ventricular function.
Abstract: Adaptive cardiac responses to isotonic training were studied with echocardiographic measurement of cardiac dimensions and function in 20 endurance runners whose maximal aerobic capacity on the treadmill was 488 +/- 013 (mean standard error of mean) liters of oxygen/min They were compared with 26 young sedentary control subjects whose capacity was 334 +/- 011 liters of oxygen/min (P less than 0001) A modest degree of right and left ventricular chamber enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in endurance runners (left ventricular mass index 140 +/- 6 g/m2 compared with 107 +/- 4 g/m2 in sedentary control subjects, (P less than 0001) Resting heart rate was slower in endurance runners (51 +/- 2 versus 62 +/- 2 beats/min, P less than 0001) and resting left ventricular function as evaluated with ejection fraction and maximal posterior wall shortening velocity and mean circumferential shortening velocity (VCF) was comparable or slightly depressed in endurance runners (098 +/- 003 versus 102 +/- 005 circumferences/sec [difference not significant]) This study suggests that isotonic training results in adaptive changes in ventricular volume and mass, slower heart rates that may be associated with more efficient pumping function (that is, increasing stroke volume) and insignificant alterations in resting ejection phase indexes of left ventricular function
141 citations
TL;DR: This study complements other work indicating that the ventromedial hypothalamic area is relatively rich in estradiol concentrating cells and that estrogen implants to this area induce sexual receptivity in spayed female rats and affirm that the vents plays a critical role in the hormonal induction of receptivity.
132 citations
TL;DR: The filling defects in open-angle glaucoma appear to be specific, indicating that the blood supply to the anterior portion of the optic nerve is involved, as in ischemic optic neuropathy.
Abstract: • An Improved technique for high-contrast, high-resolution fluorescein angiography of the optic disc has been developed that almost eliminates pseudo-fluorescence. Fluorescein angiography of the optic disc was performed on normal, ocular hypertensive, and glaucomatous patients. Rapid-sequence angiograms in the early arterial phases have demonstrated localized areas of hypofluorescence or filling defects of the optic disc. Two types of fluorescein filling defects were observed—absolute and relative. The number of absolute filling defects, which increased with degree of visual field loss, was greater in glaucomatous than in ocular hypertensive or normal eyes. Similarly, ocular hypertensive eyes showed a larger number of discs with filling defects than normal eyes. It is postulated that relative defects progress to absolute filling defects, which may be an indication of impending loss of visual field. ( Arch Ophthalmol 95:1961-1974, 1977)
124 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a short-term laboratory behavioral training program was used to produce significant changes in both parental and child behaviors when assessed in the laboratory setting and these changes were maintained at a three-month follow-up.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent behavioral training on child noncompliant behavior and on parent behavior and attitude change. Eleven children, who had been referred for treatment of noncompliance, and their mothers served as subjects. A short-term laboratory behavioral training program was used to produce significant changes in both parental and child behaviors when assessed in the laboratory setting. These changes were maintained at a three-month follow-up. In addition, after treatment and at the three-month follow-up, the children were perceived by their mothers as being better adjusted than prior to treatment. Comparison of the treatment group to a nonclinic "normal" sample suggested that the behavioral training produced parent perceptions regarding their children's adjustment that did not differ significantly from those that the parents of the nonclinic sample had toward their children.
123 citations
TL;DR: A case is reported in which a tumor containing elements of mature and immature ganglioneuroma, Schwannoma, clusters of apparently benign melanocytes and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presented as a right‐sided facial mass in a six‐month‐old child.
Abstract: A case is reported in which a tumor containing elements of mature and immature ganglioneuroma, Schwannoma, clusters of apparently benign melanocytes and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presented as a right-sided facial mass in a six-month-old child. Different elements of the tumor were intimately intermingled without distinct borders. Embryogenesis of the tumor, which is thought to arise from remnants of migratory neural crest cells (ectomesenchyme), showing multidirectional phenotypic expression is discussed. It was felt that the lesion contributed additional evidence in support of pluripotentiality of the migratory, neural crest derivatives, and their susceptibility to mutagenic and oncogenic influences.
TL;DR: The projections from area 18 and the lateral geniculate nucleus onto area 17 of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) were investigated with retrograde and anterograde labelling techniques and the (Fink‐Heimer) silver impregnation method for degenerating axons and their terminals.
Abstract: The projections from area 18 and the lateral geniculate nucleus onto area 17 of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) were investigated with retrograde (horseradish peroxidase) and anterograde (tritiated proline) labelling techniques, and the (Fink-Heimer) silver impregnation method for degenerating axons and their terminals.
The association fibers from area 18 terminated in all layers of area 17 except in layer IV and in the lower aspect of layer IIIc. The greatest number of terminals were in layers I, V and VI. The bulk of geniculocortical fibers terminated in layer IV and the lower aspect of layer IIIc; a minority of the geniculocortical fibers terminated in layer VI and the lower aspect of layer IIIb. Thus, the majority of fibers from the two sources investigated terminate in a complementary laminar fashion in area 17.
The portion of area 17 on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, where the central visual field is represented, received a less dense projection from the geniculate nucleus than the striate cortex in the calcarine fissure, where the peripheral visual field is represented. Ocular dominance columns were not apparent in the striate cortex. No evidence was found that the lateral geniculate nucleus projects to area 18.
The results of combined injections of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated proline in area 17 indicated a point-to-point reciprocity between area 17 and the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus.
TL;DR: Responses, duration of response, and median duration of disease control achieved with CAF were superior to those achieved with CMFVP (37%, 22 weeks, 17 weeks, respectively).
Abstract: In an ongoing prospective randomized study, 113 evaluable patients have received either a three-drug combination that included cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) or a five-drug combination including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine and prednisone (CMFVP) given intermittently 1 week out of 4. Responses (64%), median duration of response (32 weeks), and median duration of disease control (32 weeks) achieved with CAF were superior to those achieved with CMFVP (37%, 22 weeks, 17 weeks, respectively). Morbidity secondary to CAF was significant, with nausea and vomiting, malaise, total alopecia, and granulocytopenia being the main features. Cancer 40:625–632, 1977.
TL;DR: In 29 normal persons with complete dental arches, the muscular activity of the temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles was studied electromyographically with bipolar fine wire electrodes during various mandibular movements – both resisted and unresisted.
Abstract: In 29 normal persons with complete dental arches, the muscular activity of the temporalis, masseter, medical pterygoid, anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles was studied electromyographically with bipolar fine wire electrodes during various mandibular movements--both resisted and unresisted. Action potentials were recorded on FM magnetic tape and each experiment was also videotaped. Temporalis muscle was active during centric closing of the jaw with either contact of the teeth, or against resistance; during free lateral movements to the ipsilateral side, either against resistance or occlusal contact; during incisor gum chewing, molar gum chewing on ipsilateral or contralateral sides, during normal mastication; and during forceful centric occlusion. Activity occurred in the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles during the following movements; closing the jaw slowly either without occlusal contact or with occlusal contact and against resistance; free lateral movement to contralateral side, either against resistance or with occlusal contact; protraction of the jaw either without occlusal contact or with occlusal contact; swallowing either saliva or water; incisor gum chewing with either the ipsilateral or contralateral molars; normal mastication; and during forceful centric occlusion. Activity occurred in the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles during the following movements; opening of the jaw either slowly or maximally against resistance; closing the jaw against resistance; free lateral movement to ipsilateral and contralateral sides, either against resistance or with occlusal contact; protraction against resistance of the jaw either without or with occlusal contact; swallowing saliva and water; and protraction of the tongue. They work in antagonism (reciprocally) during gum chewing and normal mastication.
TL;DR: In the Lewis rat, fragment 43–88 of the highly encephalitogenic guinea‐pig basic protein has been previously shown to retain the full activity of the parent protein, and was subjected to controlled chymotryptic digestion so that cleavage occurred only at tyrosine 67, generating two peptides.
Abstract: —
In the Lewis rat, fragment 43–88 of the highly encephalitogenic guinea-pig basic protein has been previously shown to retain the full activity of the parent protein. In the present studies this fragment was subjected to controlled chymotryptic digestion so that cleavage occurred only at tyrosine 67, generating two peptides, residues 43-67 and residues 68-88. When compared on an equimolar basis peptide 68-88 had the same encephalitogenic activity as the intact fragment and induced the same degree of immunologically specific cell response as measured by the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test. Peptide 68-88 was further fragmented by selective tryptic cleavage at arginine 78 after blocking lysine 73 with citraconic anhydride. The two peptides, residues 68-78 and residues 79-88, were not encephalitogenic, indicating that residues adjacent to the point of cleavage contribute to the active site.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: These data demonstrate the participation of both nonadherent mononuclear cells, presumably K cells, and monocyte-macrophages, in ADCC directed against HSV-infected target cells.
Abstract: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against herpes simplex virus- (HSV) infected target cells consist of both adherent (MA) and nonadherent (MNA) effector cell populations. These two cell populations can be distinguished by their different phagocytic properties and morphologic appearance, their requirement for antibody in the ADCC reaction, and the rapidity with which they lyse target cells in the presence of immune serum. The MA cells are predominantly phagocytic and have the morphologic characteristics of monocyte-macrophages, whereas the MNA cells are nonphagocytic and appear to be small to medium-sized lymphocytes. Optimal expression of ADCC by MA cells requires higher concentrations of immune serum than does MNA cell-mediated ADCC. MA-mediated cell killing is first detectable by 8 hr and reaches completion after 24 hr of incubation. In contrast, MNA-mediated ADCC produces target cell damage by 2 hr and reaches completion at 8 hr of incubation. Unlike MNA effector cells, the MA effector cells are profoundly inhibited after preincubation with either latex or silica particles. The HSV immune status of the donor had no effect on the ability of either cell population to mediate ADCC. These data demonstrate the participation of both nonadherent mononuclear cells, presumably K cells, and monocyte-macrophages, in ADCC directed against HSV-infected target cells.
TL;DR: Bilateral lesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus interfered with the estrogenic induction of sexual receptivity in the female rat, but seemingly did not affect the ability of female rats to show lordosis following combined stimulation with estrogen and progesterone.
TL;DR: Dense fibroglandular tissue delays detection of breast cancer by mammography, and apparent increase in cancer risk in such breasts is due to this delay.
Abstract: Mammography studies, from 1963 through 1972, on 5,918 women over age 30 years with 327 breast cancer on initial studies, were prospectively categorized on a scale of 1 to 4 of increasing amounts of fibroglandular tissue. Approximately 60% of the cancers occurred in classes 1 and 2 breasts, about one-third of the patients, while 40% of the cancer were in the remaining two-thirds, comprising classes 3 and 4. There were 54 cancers that developed in breast that previously were free of symptoms, clinical signs, and x-ray abnormality. Up to 36 months one cancer was found in class 1, while 26 cancers were detected in class 4 breasts; two cancers developed in class 2 and seven in class 3. Cancers developing 38 to 88 months after normal examination had an incidence of 0.23% in combined classes 1 and 2 and an incidence of 0.21% in classes 3 and 4. Dense fibroglandular tissue delays detection of breast cancer by mammography. Apparent increase in cancer risk in such breasts is due to this delay. More than a 3-year follow-up is required to assess the life history of breast cancer by mammography.
TL;DR: This article found that children differentially comprehended adult utterances of different lengths in the predicted direction and that 19 of 20 adults reduced their length of utterance following a clear signal of non-comprehension by the child.
Abstract: BOHANNON, JOHN NEIL, III, and MARQUIS, ANGELA LYNN. Children's Control of Adult Speech. CmHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 1002-1008. 2 studies were done to test the hypothesis that short simple sentences (Motherese) addressed to children are the result of children signaling noncomprehension for longer, complex utterances. Study 1 observed 15 adults converse with a 32month-old child, and later 5 adults interacted with the child when he was 36 months old. The results indicated that the child differentially comprehended adult utterances of different lengths in the predicted direction and that 19 of 20 adults reduced their length of utterance following a clear signal of noncomprehension by the child. Study 2 had 20 adults tell a story under 4 conditions: (1) to an adult (A), (2) to a pretend child (AC), (3) to a child accomplice who signaled comprehension (C), and (4) to the same accomplice who signaled noncomprehension (NC). While no differences in group mean length of utterance (MLU) occurred between the A and AC conditions, all the subjects used longer sentences in the C condition than in the NC condition. Briefly, the results of study 2 were A = AC > C > NC. It was concluded that children may limit the complexity of their linguistic environment through comprehension feedback.
TL;DR: It was determined that Amygdaloid neurons projecting to HVM by way of the stria terminalis were located in the cortical and medial nuclei while those projecting through another route, presumably the ventral amygdalofugal pathway, were found in the rostral part of the medial nucleus and the parvocellular basal nucleus.
Abstract: Amygdaloid and pontine projections to the feline ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (HVM) were studied with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anterograde transport of tritiated amino acids Following injections of HRP into HVM, amygdaloid neurons were labeled in the ipsilateral cortical and medial nuclei and the ventral portion of the parvocellular part of the basal nucleus In experiments in which HRP was injected into the tuberal hypothalamus following stria terminalis lesions, it was determined that amygdaloid neurons projecting to HVM by way of the stria terminalis were located in the cortical and medial nuclei while those projecting through another route, presumably the ventral amygdalofugal pathway, were found in the rostral part of the medial nucleus and the parvocellular basal nucleus
Following HRP injection into lateral hypothalamus at the level of HVM, labeled neurons were seen in the magnocellular basal nucleus After preoptic injections, neurons containing the HRP reaction product were in cortical and medial nuclei and magnocellular and parvocellular parts of the basal nucleus
In addition to cells in the amygdala, rostral pontine neurons were labeled after HRP injections into HVM The cells were located ipsilateral to the injection, mostly in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, lateral and dorsolateral to the brachium conjunctivum The pontine cells labeled following HVM injections of HRP were different from those labeled following lateral hypothalamic and preoptic region injections The pontine projection to HVM was confirmed using axoplasmic transport autoradiography A mixture of tritiated leucine and tritiated proline was injected into the lateral pontine region labeled after HRP injections into HVM Labeled axons ascending in the medial forebrain bundle terminated throughout the rostro-caudal extent of HVM
TL;DR: Heparinized autologous blood removed from the vena cava cannula was the only technique which significantly improved the PTT and platelet count and there was a saving of 18 percent in banked blood requirements.
TL;DR: Support for this idea is provided by the close temporal correlation between the diurnal variations in cyclic AMP, hepatic catalase, peroxide generation and GSSProt-GSH levels.
TL;DR: It appears that viral oncolysate might be particularly helpful to patients with early disease, and was administered as an immunostimulant to 13 patients with metastatic melanoma, prepared with Newcastle disease virus.
Abstract: Melanoma cell oncolysate, prepared with Newcastle disease virus, was administered as an immunostimulant to 13 patients with metastatic melanoma. The oncolysate was well tolerated. Six treated patients evidenced a decrease in the size of skin nodules or diseased lymph nodes. Visceral lesions were not favorably influenced to any marked degree. One case of fulminating disease showed a change to slow progression and survived a year longer than was otherwise expected. Another patient, whose melanoma could not be controlled by surgery or chemotherapy, has been in complete remission for 2 years. It appears that viral oncolysate might be particularly helpful to patients with early disease.
TL;DR: The results of the present study confirm previous reports suggesting anti‐tumor activity for high doses of Adriamycin in hepatocellular carcinoma, and further clinical trials of this agent used in combination or sequentially with other agents are indicated.
Abstract: Nineteen Zambian and 22 American patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with Adriamycin every three weeks in intravenous doses ranging from 20-75 mg/m2 (depending upon their initial serum bilirubin levels). Four of 16 (25%) "good risk" Zambian and American patients who received 75 mg/m2 had objective responses, while in five additional patients there was evidence of either transient tumor regression or disease stabilization. In contrast three of 25 "poor risk" patients who received 20-60 mg/m2 had objective responses. Even in this latter group, however, transient, objective signs of tumor regression were noted in four patients. The results of the present study confirm previous reports suggesting anti-tumor activity for high doses of Adriamycin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Since those responses seen were generally incomplete and transient, further clinical trials of this agent used in combination or sequentially with other agents are indicated.
TL;DR: A prospective chemotherapeutic attempt to convert a Ph1-positive marrow without splenectomy has induced a conversion in two of ten patients, and other regimens which might induce less nausea and vomiting and a higher rate of conversions should be sought in future attempts to alter the invariably fatal outcome of CGL.
TL;DR: The reductions in plasma T4 and testosterone were proportional to both severity of coma and pituitary-hypothalamic function in 7 adult male patients with traumatic coma lasting longer than 2 weeks.
Abstract: Prolonged coma after head trauma is associated with a depletion of 3′,5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Because cAMP has been implicated in neuroendocrine secretion, we have examined pituitary-hypothalamic function in 7 adult male patients with traumatic coma lasting longer than 2 weeks. Within 1–3 days after trauma, a ventricular catheter connected to a subcutaneous Rickham reservoir was placed in the lateral ventricle to treat intracranial hypertension. Via the reservoir, CSF cAMP was measured at 2–4 day intervals for 10–25 days. Simultaneously, plasma hormone concentrations were also determined. CSF cAMP and plasma levels of TSH, T4, free T4, T3, LH, FSH, and testosterone became subnormal in all 7 cases. In 5 patients whose level of consciousness fluctuated, the reductions in plasma T4 and testosterone were proportional to both severity of coma (r > 0.89, P 0.81, P < .05). In 3 patients who remained deeply comatose for 17–25...
TL;DR: Early attempts to control the diarrhea at home and in the outpatient department by the use of oral fluid rehydration, isolation of patients with severe symptoms requiring hospitalization, and strict attention by hospital personnel to hand washing between examination of patients may limit nosocomial spread of the disease.
TL;DR: In 5 mature female rabbits, immunoassayable LHRH levels in pituitary stalk plasma were undetectable during the hour before and the hour after cupric acetate, indicating a hypothalamic site of action and to be effective in anesthetized rabbits.
Abstract: Mating in the rabbit evokes a surge of LH secretion and ovulation. Hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion is believed to link mating and the LH surge humorally but the pattern of LHRH secretion after mating remains unknown. In the present investigation, we studied the pattern of LHRH secretion into pituitary stalk blood after an iv injection of cupric acetate, a chemical stimulus previously established to evoke typical post-coital patterns of gonadotropin secretion and ovulation, to have a hypothalamic site of action and to be effective in anesthetized rabbits. Pituitary stalk blood for LHRH measurements was collected by a trans-palatal, trans-sphenoidal surgical approach; blood was collected continuously for 5 h into a cannula at a rate of 20 μl/min. Cupric acetate was administered after a 1 h control collection period. In 5 mature female rabbits, immunoassayable LHRH levels in pituitary stalk plasma were undetectable (<5 pg/ml) during the hour before and the hour after cupri...
TL;DR: The data from two dichotic studies, both of which evaluated spontaneously generated response strategies under free recall and one of which also manipulated retrieval strategy by instruction, supported a conception that what dichotic procedures mostly measure are response strategies as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The data from two dichotic studies, both of which evaluated spontaneously generated response strategies under free recall and one of which also manipulated retrieval strategy by instruction, supported a conception that what dichotic procedures mostly measure are response strategies—mobile and readily deployed without loss of mnemonic capability. Consequently, competitional methods which are heavily influenced by output factors appear to be unreliable as a means of evaluating input processing dominance.