Showing papers by "ExxonMobil published in 1971"

Homogeneous styrene/isoolefin copolymers

Abstract: A process for preparing a homogeneous random polymer of two or more cationically polymerizable monomers having the general formula: ##EQU1## wherein R1 is alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl, R2 is H, alkenyl or alkyl and where R2 is H, R1 must be phenyl or alkylaryl, which comprises continuously reacting said monomers in a mixed solvent system comprising a polar organic solvent and a nonpolar, nonaromatic hydrocarbon solvent, said polymerization being carried out in a well-stirred reactor in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The preferred polymer is a homogeneous random styrene-isobutylene copolymer which is prepared by continuously reacting in solution about 10 to about 90 parts by weight of styrene with about 90 to about 10 parts by weight of isobutylene in a mixed solvent system comprising a polar organic solvent and a nonpolar nonaromatic hydrocarbon solvent.

Adhesive cements containing a sulfonated derivative of butyl rubber and laminates therefrom

Abstract: Adhesive contact cements of sulfonated olefinically unsaturated elastomers (sulfobutyl rubber) containing from about 0.1 to about 5.0 mol % SO3H neutralized, partially neutralized, or unneutralized are admixed with tackifiers, i.e. phenolformaldehyde resins, polyisobutylene, alkylphenol formaldehyde resins, petroleum resins, etc. in an amount of between about 5 and about 90 phr in between about 10 and about 50 wt. % solids concentration in organic solvents. These cements are used for adhering porous or non-porous materials such as textiles, wood, cloth, sheets or strip of metals, plastics, etc. to each other. High green strength, high tensile strength, high resistance to peel, even at elevated temperatures, water impermeability, etc. characterize such adhesive layers in laminates. A preferred solvent, 90% toluene, 10% isopropyl alcohol is used in compounding the cement and preferably an organic amine, e.g. ethylamine, is used to partially or completely neutralize the sulfonated elastomer although inorganic bases may also be used for neutralization.

Thioether isocyanate adducts

Abstract: Novel thioether isocyanates and isothiocyanates can be produced by the addition of thiols to the olefinic bonds of allyl isocyanates and isothiocyanates. They are useful as pesticides, especially as post-emergence herbicides, and as polymer intermediates.

Titanium carbide catalysts, and the catalyst compositions

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process and catalyst, the latter comprising a transition metal, or other hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component of said metal, composited with a nonstoichiometric titanium carbide support, particularly a support wherein the titanium carbide is an interstitial solid solution that possesses a stable phase over the stoichiometric range TiC0.52 to TiC0.99, and preferably within a range of TiC0.70 to TiC0.95. Such catalysts are useful for such hydrocarbon conversion processes as hydrogenation-dehydrogenation, hydrofining, hydrodesulfurization and reforming. By varying the stoichiometry of the titanium carbide support within the limits described, an interaction is created between the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component and the support, and the activity and selectivity of the reactions can be controlled and optimized.

Preparation of organometallic complexes

Abstract: A process for the preparation of palladium and platinum organometallic complexes in the zerovalent state is described. The process comprises contacting a palladium or platinum compound containing palladium or platinum ions having a valence of at least +1 with complexing ligands such as phosphines, phosphites, arsines, stibines, olefins, and the like. The contacting is carried out in the liquid phase and in the presence of an alcoholic media and in the substantial absence of oxygen preferably at elevated temperatures. The products have known utility as catalysts, for example, in butadiene dimerization reactions, additionally they are useful as catalysts for butadiene co-trimerization reactions with compounds containing an active hydrogen, as well as oxidation reactions.

Production of fine powders

Abstract: An improvement in comminuting particulate inorganic oxides is achieved by vaporizing the oxides in an electric arc column in the presence of a reducing agent and thereafter contacting the vapors with an oxygen containing quench gas. The process is particularly useful in preparing submicron silica powder.

Method of treating stable polymer latex to produce therefrom stable latex having decreased viscosity

Abstract: The preparation of aqueous latices from solvent dispersions of elastomers and other high polymer compositions has presented problems including excessive viscosity during processing and foaming and coagulation, which have produced losses and increased costs. Herein combinations of steps are disclosed which reduce or eliminate various of these problems; enable the preparation of latices from high solids, high viscosity cements as well as from high solids cements of low molecular weight polymer; enable preparation of latices of grafted or filler extended or filler reinforced elastomers; enable preparation of latices of low molecular weight polymer which are then modified to materially increase the molecular weight of the polymer and/or the latex particle size; and enable the preparation of improved latices both dilute and of high solids contents, which are useful for example for adhesive and film forming purposes. The process in common with that of related copending applications is characterized, inter alia, by the establishment of a flow of latex through the separating zone and the impingement on said flow of the coalesced latex droplets from the solvent vapor stream in which they are delivered to the separator, and in certain embodiments by the use of particular additive materials. New combinations of steps and of apparatus for performing the same are also disclosed and claimed. The part of the process herein claimed is concerned with the treatment of an emulsifier stabilized viscous latex to produce therefrom a stable latex having a decreased viscosity and a reduced number of dispersed polymer particles therein, by first heating the latex to a temperature which is sufficiently high to sensitize the latex by reducing the proportion of its emulsifier which is stabilizing the latex particles but which is below the maximum temperature for stability of the latex, and then rapidly cooling by at least 20* F., promptly working, and thereafter restabilizing, i.e. desensitizing, the previously sensitized latex by aging. The process disclosed is applicable to the production of latices from specified rubbery and non-rubbery polymer compositions, and certain of such latices are new and useful products also claimed herein.

Primary accelerators for sulfur-cured elastomers

Abstract: Simple metal salts are found to be useful as primary accelerators for the sulfur vulcanization of nonpolar, unsaturated hydrocarbon rubbers. Useful metals include those of Group I-A, Group II-A, and transition metals of the periodic table including mixtures thereof. The metals are usually employed in the form of metallo-organic compounds. However, certain inorganic metal salts such as metal halides, carbonates and nitrates are also applicable.

Preparation of high v.i. lube oils

Abstract: High boiling hydrocarbon feeds are converted to high V.I. lube oils in high yields by hydrotreating in a first stage over a hydrogenation catalyst and then hydrocracking in a second stage over a faujasite-base catalyst, such as Pd on H-faujasite, under conditions such that less than 15 wt.% conversion, based on feed to the second stage, to products boiling below 650°F. occurs.

Flue gas desulfurization with ammonium sulfite-bisulfite solution

Abstract: Flue gas is desulfurized by absorption in an aqueous ammonium sulfite-ammonium bisulfite solution. Any ammonia which is picked up in the flue gas during desulfurization is removed by scrubbing the flue gas with wash water. Sulfur dioxide is recovered from the absorber effluent solution by acidifying a portion thereof with ammonium bisulfate, crystallizing and decomposing the ammonium sulfate thus formed, reacting the ammonia formed during decomposition with a second portion of the absorber effluent solution to form fresh ammonium sulfite-ammonium bisulfite solution.

Method and apparatus for introducing a quench stream in upflow gas-liquid contactors

Abstract: A mixing device for combining a quench or catalyst stream with the main fluid stream in an upflow gas-liquid contactor, such as a reactor. A gas-liquid stream is passed through a reduced size passage wherein the quench or catalyst streams are injected. The combined stream then is mixed and redistributed.

Preparation of latex from aqueous emulsion of solvent/polymer solution

Abstract: The preparation of aqueous latices from solvent dispersions of elastomers and other high polymer compositions has presented problems including excessive viscosity during processing and foaming and coagulation, which have produced losses and increased costs. Herein combinations of steps are disclosed which reduce or eliminate various of these problems; enable the preparation of latices from high solids, high viscosity cements as well as from high solids cements of low molecular weight polymer; enable preparation of latices of grafted or filler extended or filler reinforced elastomers; enable preparation of latices of low molecular weight polymer which are then modified to materially increase the molecular weight of the polymer and/or the latex particle size; and enable the preparation of improved latices both dilute and of high solids contents, which are useful for example for adhesive and film forming purposes. The process in common with that of related copending applications is characterized, inter alia, by the establishment of a flow of latex through the separating zone and the impingement on said flow of the coalesced latex droplets from the solvent vapor stream in which they are delivered to the separator, and in certain embodiments by the use of particular additive materials. New combinations of steps and of apparatus for performing the same are also disclosed and claimed. The part of the process herein claimed is concerned with the preparation of a latex from an emulsion of solvent/polymer solution of precursor latex particle size, by converting the emulsion into an aerosol with the aid of steam, separating the resulting latex phase from the gaseous phase of the aerosol, adding selected monomer material and pre-radical polymerization catalyst to the latex phase, flowing the combination through a constriction at a pressure in the range of 1,000 to 10,000 p.s.i., and subjecting the combination to temperatures to polymerize the monomer material without de-stabilizing the latex. The process disclosed is applicable to the production of latices from specified rubbery and non-rubbery polymer compositions, and certain of such latices are new and useful products also claimed herein.

Process for encapsulating particles by in-situ formation of a metal carbonate coating

Abstract: Particles, such as fertilizer, are encapsulated with a metal carbonate coating by initially coating the particles with a metallic hydroxide, metallic oxides or mixtures thereof and subjecting the coated particles to an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide so as to convert the metallic compounds to the corresponding carbonate Inert materials such as powdered linestone can be included with the coating

Process for converting coarse aqueous emulsion into uniform fine emulsion

Abstract: The preparation of aqueous latices from solvent dispersions of elastomers and other high polymer compositions has presented problems including excessive viscosity during processing and foaming and coagulation, which have produced losses and increased costs. Herein combinations of steps are disclosed which reduce or eliminate various of these problems; enable the preparation of latices from high solids, high viscosity cements as well as from high solids cements of low molecular weight polymer; enable preparation of latices of grafted or filler extended or filler reinforced elastomers; enable preparation of latices of low molecular weight polymer which are then modified to materially increase the molecular weight of the polymer and/or the latex particle size; and enable the preparation of improved latices both dilute and of high solids contents, which are useful for example for adhesive and film forming purposes. The process in common with that of related copending applications is characterized, inter alia, by the establishment of a flow of latex through the separating zone and the impingement on said flow of the coalesced latex droplets from the solvent vapor stream in which they are delivered to the separator, and in certain embodiments by the use of particular additive materials. New combinations of steps and of apparatus for performing the same are also disclosed and claimed. The part of the process described and claimed herein converts a relatively coarse aqueous emulsion of a solvent/polymer cement to a relatively fine emulsion in which the cement droplets forming the discontinuous phase are of precursor latex particle size in two steps (a) by first converting the same to a fine emulsion of precursor latex particle size of relatively wide size distribution by subjecting it to ultradispersion by a combination of mechanical, hydraulic and ultrasonic shear, impact, and vibrating phenonema, and (b) then reducing the said size distribution by forcing the fine emulsion at from 60* to 180* F. through a resiliently restricted orifice at a pressure within the range of 1,000 to 10,000 p.s.i. The process disclosed is applicable to the production of latices from specified rubbery and non-rubbery polymer compositions, and certain of such latices are new and useful products also claimed herein.

Emulsion polymerization of ethylene with chain transfer agents to form copolymers

Abstract: Ethylene-containing copolymers useful in oil compositions for modifying flow properties are made by free radical emulsion polymerization using as a molecular weight modifying agent chain transfer agents such as halo-alkanes or hydrocarbyl mercaptans.

Preparation of aromatic compounds via benzyne intermediates

Abstract: WHERE M IS LI OR NA; R'' IS AN INERT MONOVALENT RADICAL CONTAINING 1 TO 20 CARBON ATOMS HAVING A PKA GREATER THAN ABOUT 30; Z IS AN ELEMENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND ARSENIC, Y IS AN INTEGER OF 1 TO 6 INCLUSIVE; R" ARE THE SAME OR DIFFERENT C1-C4 ALKYL RADICALS; X IS AN INTEGER FROM 0 TO 3 INCLUSIVE; W IS AN INTEGER FROM 1 TO 5; A IS A NONREACTIVE RADICAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (1) CYCLOALIPHATIC RADICALS AND THEIR LOWER ALKYL DERIVATIVES HAVING RING STRUCTURES CONTAINING FROM 4 TO 7 CARBON ATOMS, WHEREIN SAID RADICALS ARE ATTACHED TO THE NITROGEN ATOMS AT 1, 2 OR 1, 3 POSITIONS ON THE RINGS, AND (2) 1 TO 4 METHYLENIC RADICALS INCLUSIVE, WHEREIN EACH METHYLENIC RADICAL CONTAINS 0 TO 2 MONOVALENT HYDROCARBON RADICALS OF 1 TO 6 CARBON ATOMS; AR IS AN ARYL GROUP. (-(CH2)W-CH2-) AND (R"-)2-N-A-O-R" (R"-)2-N-A-(N(-R")-A)X-N(-R")2 , (-CH2-(CH2)W-)>N-A-N< A PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZING SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FORMULA AR(ZR2'')y, SAID PROCESS COMPRSING REACTING A HALOGENATED AROMATIC COMPOUND IN THE PRESENCE OF HZR2'' WITH AN ALKALI METAL COMPOUND HAVING THE FORMULA MZR2'' AND A TERTIARY AMINE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TRIS-(2C1-C4-DIALKYLAMINOETHYL)AMINE, SPARTEINE, C1 TO C4-DIALKYLBISPIDINS, AN AMINE CONTAINING BRIDGEHEAD NITROGEN,

Selective hydroperoxidation of polyolefins in an aqueous slurry

Abstract: Polyolefins are selectively hydroperoxidized in an aqueous slurry with an ozone-oxygen mixture at temperatures between 65* and 100* C. for a time which does not exceed one hour to introduce sufficient hydroperoxides for later graft copolymerization while minimizing formations of higher oxidation products of the polymer and limiting molecular weight degradation.

Decolorization of ketones

Abstract: A method for the treatment of crude off-color alkanone product streams which involves percolating the streams through a bed containing a color-body reducing agent, i.e., metal borohydrides and preferably a filter material in admixture and thereby recoverying a product having an improved color.

Method of treating aqueous emulsion of solvent/polymer solution of precursor latex particle size to form latex

Abstract: The preparation of aqueous latices from solvent dispersions of elastomers and other high polymer compositions has presented problems including excessive viscosity during processing and foaming and coagulation, which have produced losses and increased costs. Herein combinations of steps are disclosed which reduce or eliminate various of these problems; enable the preparation of latices from high solids, high viscosity cements as well as from high solids cements of low molecular weight polymer; enable preparation of latices of grafted or filler extended or filler reinforced elastomers; enable preparation of latices of low molecular weight polymer which are then modified to materially increase the molecular weight of the polymer and/or the latex particle size; and enable the preparation of improved latices both dilute and of high solids contents, which are useful for example for adhesive and film forming purposes. The process in common with that of related copending applications is characterized, inter alia, by the establishment of a flow of latex through the separating zone and the impingement on said flow of the coalesced latex droplets from the solvent vapor stream in which they are delivered to the separator, and in certain embodiments by the use of particular additive materials. New combinations of steps and of apparatus for performing the same are also disclosed and claimed. The method described and claimed herein relates to the treating of an aqueous emulsion of solvent/polymer solution to form a latex and then treating the latex while containing residual solvent to modify the same to materially increase the molecular weight of the polymer and/or the latex particle size. The process disclosed is applicable to the production of latices from specified rubbery and non-rubbery polymer compositions, and certain of such latices are new and useful products also claimed herein.

Improved process for production of aerosol latex with centrifugal force

Abstract: The preparation of aqueous latices from solvent dispersions of elastomers and other high polymer compositions has presented problems including excessive viscosity during processing and foaming and coagulation, which have produced losses and increased costs. Herein combinations of steps are disclosed which reduce or eliminate various of these problems; enable the preparation of latices from high solids, high viscosity cements as well as from high solids cements of low molecular weight polymer; enable preparation of latices of grafted or filler extended or filler reinforced elastomers; enable preparation of latices of low molecular weight polymer which are then modified to materially increase the molecular weight of the polymer and/or the latex particle size; and enable the preparation of improved latices both dilute and of high solids contents, which are useful for example for adhesive and film forming purposes. The process in common with that of related copending applications is characterized, inter alia, by the establishment of a flow of latex through the separating zone and the impingement on said flow of the coalesced latex droplets from the solvent vapor stream in which they are delivered to the separator, and in certain embodiments by the use of particular additive materials. New combinations of steps and of apparatus for performing the same are also disclosed and claimed. The part of the process disclosed and claimed herein includes the improvement which consists essentially in subjecting the flow of aerosol made up of latex droplets in a solvent vapor containing gaseous phase, to the action of centrifugal force for effecting coalescence of the droplets into larger droplets in the flow, before separation thereof from the flow, to facilitate such separation. The process disclosed is applicable to the production of latices from specified rubbery and non-rubbery polymer compositions, and certain of such latices are new and useful products also claimed herein.

Preparation of crosslinked polymer latex from aqueous emulsion of solvent/polymer solution of precursor latex particle size

Abstract: The preparation of aqueous latices from solvent dispersions of elastomers and other high polymer compositions has presented problems including excessive viscosity during processing and foaming and coagulation, which have produced losses and increased costs. Herein combinations of steps are disclosed which reduce or eliminate various of these problems; enable the preparation of latices from high solids, high viscosity cements as well as from high solids cements of low molecular weight polymer; enable preparation of latices of grafted or filler extended or filler reinforced elastomers; enable preparation of latices of low molecular weight polymer which are then modified to materially increase the molecular weight of the polymer and/or the latex particle size; and enable the preparation of improved latices both dilute and of high solids contents, which are useful for example for adhesive and film forming purposes. The process in common with that of related copending applications is characterized, inter alia, by the establishment of a flow of latex through the separating zone and the impingement on said flow of the coalesced latex droplets from the solvent vapor stream in which they are delivered to the separator, and in certain embodiments by the use of particular additive materials. New combinations of steps and of apparatus for performing the same are also disclosed and claimed. The part of the process herein claimed is concerned with the preparation of a crosslinked polymer latex from an emulsion of solvent/polymer solution of precursor latex particle size, by converting the emulsion into an aerosol with the aid of steam, separating the resulting latex phase from the gaseous phase of the aerosol, adding cross-linking agent to the latex phase, subjecting the combination to homogenization sufficient to establish intimate association between the particles and the cross-linking agent, and effecting reaction of the cross-linking agent with the polymer of the latex. The process disclosed is applicable to the production of latices from specified rubbery and non-rubbery polymer compositions, and certain of such latices are new and useful products also claimed therein.