Showing papers by "ExxonMobil published in 1972"

Thermoplastic adhesive compositions

Abstract: Thermoplastic adhesive compositions such as hot melts containing conventional components are improved considerably by the inclusion of acid or acid derivative grafted polyolefins particularly acrylic acid-grafted polypropylene, polyethylene and/or ethylene-propylene polymer substances. Alternatively, novel adhesive compositions are prepared in which the polyolefin constituent is entirely a grafted polyolefin.

Flexible polymeric compositions comprising a normally plastic polymer sulfonated to about 0.2 to about 10 mole % sulfonate

Abstract: Flexible polymeric compositions are prepared by introducing sulfonate groups into a plastic polymer and plasticizing the ionomer so formed. Plasticization may be limited to plasticizing the amorphous backbone. Preferably the ionic domains of the ionomer are also plasticized using a plasticizer which is effective at processing temperature but ineffective at use temperature. The products of this invention are flexible and have utility as simulated leathers, wire coating insulation, etc.

Hydrogenation of organic compounds

Abstract: Novel hydrogenation catalysts are formed by impregnating a suitable support material with an aqueous solution of a salt of a transition metal; heat-treating the impregnated support at a temperature above 500°F. to form chemical complexes on the surface of the support and to drive off moisture and absorbed oxygen; activating the surface complex by contacting the impregnated support with a soluble organometallic compound wherein the metal constituent is selected from Groups I, II and III of the Periodic Chart of the Elements, and thereafter treating the activated support material in the presence of a gaseous stream containing hydrogen at a temperature of at least 300°F. to form a highly stable heterogeneous catalyst. The novel supported catalysts of the instant invention have been found to be highly active for the hydrogenation of organic compounds under extremely mild conditions.

Grafted polyolefins as modifying agents for ungrated polyolefins

Abstract: Polymers, particularly polyolefins, which have been modified by being graft polymerized with from about 0.1 to 15 weight percent of a mono- or polycarboxylic unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer or derivative thereof, impart outstanding benefits to the characteristics of unmodified polyolefins when added thereto in concentrations of about 0.1 to 15 weight percent. Acrylic acid and glycidyl acrylate grafts are particularly outstanding for these purposes. And the unmodified polyolefins can be filled or unfilled grades.

Hydrocarbon cracking in a regenerable molten media

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks are cracked at elevated temperatures in a regenerable molten media comprising an oxide of phosphorus, such as phosphorus pentoxide, in combination with a critically defined amount of an alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide including mixtures thereof, to produce high yeilds of light olefins, which olefins such as ethylene are useful in the synthesis of polymers and other valuable chemicals. The carbonaceous materials, such as coke, which are formed and suspended in the molten media during the cracking operation are gasified by contacting said carbonaceous materials with a gaseous stream containing oxygen, such as air, steam or carbon dioxide at temperatures of from about above the melting point of said medium to about 3,000 DEG F. in order to regenerate the melt. When the mole ratio of the alkali and alakline earth metal oxide or hydroxide expressed as the oxide thereof to the glass-forming oxide in the melt is maintained in the range of at least about 1, and preferably in the range of from about 1 to about 3, the gasification rate of the carbonaceous materials which are suspended in the molten media is significantly increased while at the same time suppressing the evolution of sulfur oxides from the gasification zone when the hydrocarbon feedstock contains sulfur and when a gaseous stream containing oxygen is employed as the gasifying reagent.

Modified ziegler catalyst for alpha olefin wax synthesis

Abstract: In a process for preparing a product of linear alpha olefins having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 70 to about 600, wherein an ethylene-containing gas is polymerized in the presence of a substantially soluble catalyst system formed by mixing components comprising a Group IV-B metal compound with an aluminum alkyl compound such that the ultimate formula of the aluminum alkyl compound is AlRnX'3-n wherein R is one selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl and cycloalkyl and X' is one selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine and n is an integer less than 2, in the presence of a nonpolar diluent and at a temperature less than 75 DEG C. and a pressure above 100 psig wherein the mole ratio of ethylene to the reaction product is maintained above 0.8 throughout the reaction and a reaction product is prepared having at least 90 mole percent linear olefins in which the product olefin concentration is greater than 5 weight percent based on the diluent and reaction product, the improvement therewith of adding to the catalytic mixture at least 10 mole percent of a modifier, based on moles of a Group IV-B metal compound, said modifier being a polyfunctional Lewis Base capable of forming complexes with AlCl3 which are substantially insoluble in nonpolar polymerization diluents whereby the selectivity of the catalyst is greatly enhanced for the formation of linear alpha olefins of number average molecular weight in the range of 240-600.

Silylhydrocarbyl phosphines and related compounds

Abstract: Novel heterogeneous silylhydrocarbyl phosphine transition metal complex catalysts and intermediates therefore are prepared by (a) the selective monoaddition of silanes having chlorine, alkoxy or acyloxy groups to an alpha , omega -diene (b) followed by the addition of a phosphine to the resulting omega -alkenyl silanes to form the corresponding silylalkyl phosphines (c) which are then covalently anchored as such or in the form of their transition metal complexes via condensation of their reactive silane substituents with hydroxy groups of silica and metal oxides, (d) optionally followed by complexing the free phosphine groups of anchored silylalkyl phosphines with transition metal compounds.

Massive nickel catalysts

Abstract: An improved process for hydrogenating organic compounds is provided in which a catalyst is employed that has a nickel surface area greater than about 70 m2/g and a sodium content less than 0.2 wt. % based on the total weight of catalyst. Significantly improved activity is obtained with the nickelsililca catalyst of this invention particularly in conversion of benzene to cyclohexane and in reducing oxo aldehydes to alcohols. The catalyst is prepared by coprecipitating nickel and silicate ions in the presence of a porous silica support under conditions of dilution that favor high surface areas and low inclusion of sodium in the catalyst.

Process and apparatus for the production of combustible gases

Abstract: Substantially sulphur-free fuel gas is produced from coal by gasification of particles of coal with a steam/oxygen mixture at an upstream end of a bed of fluidized particles containing an alkaline earth metal oxide, sulphur from the coal being fixed in the particles as alkaline earth metal sulphides. The bed particles travel generally downstream towards a regenerator, and at the downstream end, oil is injected into the bed and gasified to compensate for the reduced coal concentration at the downstream end whereby to avoid dilution of the fuel gas. Bed material from the downstream end is contacted with oxygen or air to convert sulphides to oxides, SO2 being liberated and recovered and the oxide-containing regenerated particles are returned to upstream end of the bed.

Conjugated diene butyl

Abstract: Dehydrohalogenation of halogenated butyl to produce a butyl rubber having conjugated double bonds in the linear backbone. The composition is disclosed as having the predominant structure: ##EQU1## where n + 1 represent the number of isoolefin units incorporated in the butyl rubber polymer backbone, and m represents the number of conjugated diolefin units present, substantially as isolated units. The composition is prepared by contacting a solution of halogenated butyl rubber with: (1) a soluble metal carboxylate, where the metal is selected from the metals of Groups Ib, IIb, IVa and VIII of the Periodic Table; (2) a soluble carboxylic acid; and (3) an oxide or hydroxide of a metal selected from the metals of Groups Ia or IIa of the Periodic Table.

Massive nickel catalysts and use in hydrogenation processes

Abstract: An improved process for hydrogenating organic compounds is provided in which a catalyst is employed that has a nickel surface area greater than about 70 m2/g and a sodium content less than 0.2 wt. percent based on the total weight of catalyst. Significantly improved activity is obtained with the nickelsilica catalyst of this invention particularly in conversion of benzene to cyclohexane, in reducing oxo aldehydes to alcohols, and hydrogenating olefin compounds to paraffins. The catalyst is prepared by coprecipitating nickel and silicate ions in the presence of a porous silica support under conditions of dilution that favor high surface areas and low inclusion of sodium in the catalyst.

Mixed carboxylic acid esters as electrical insulating oils

Abstract: Esters made from C3 to C6 polyols having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups and mixtures of monocarboxylic acids containing up to 50 mole % C7 to C14 aromatic acids and at least 50 mole % C4 to C14 aliphatic acid, and esters made from said acid mixtures and C8 to C40 polyol ethers containing at least 2 hydroxyl groups and at least 1 ether group are useful as insulating oils in electrical equipment.

Nitrogen-containing dispersant from polyolefin

Abstract: A multifunctional additive for an oil from the class consisting of gasoline, middle distillate fuels, and lubricating oils is prepared by the reaction of an aliphatic polyamine such as diethylene triamine, tetraethylene pentamine, and the like with the product that is obtained by the noncatalyzed air oxidation of a polyolefin or a halogenated polyolefin such as polyisobutylene or chlorinated polyisobutylene.

Alkylation process with recovery and regeneration of fluorosulfuric acid catalyst

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved alkylation process comprising: contacting an olefin and a paraffin with an alkylation catalyst comprising fluorosulfuric acid, at alkylation conditions, in an alkylation reactor, thereby forming a hydrocarbon phase comprising alkylate reactor product and containing at least a portion of the catalyst; washing the hydrocarbon phase with an acid comprising sulfuric acid to form an acid phase containing fluorosulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and sulfuric acid; contacting the acid phase with water thereby converting at least a portion of the fluorosulfuric acid to hydrogen fluoride and sulfuric acid; removing at least a portion of the hydrogen fluoride from the acid phase by contacting the same with a paraffin such as n-butane thereby forming a hydrocarbon phase containing hydrogen fluoride; treating the hydrocarbon phase with sulfur trioxide to regenerate the fluorosulfuric acid; and recycling at least a portion of the regenerated fluorosulfuric acid to the alkylation zone to be used as an alkylation catalyst therein.

Formation of a latex from an organic solvent dispersion of a water insoluble polymer

Abstract: The preparation of stable aqueous latices from solvent dispersions of elastomers and other high polymer compositions has presented problems including excessive viscosity during processing and foaming, which have produced losses and increased costs. Herein combinations of steps are disclosed which reduce or eliminate various of these problems and enable the preparation of stable latices of high solids content. The process is characterized, inter alia, by the establishment of a flow of steam as a continuous phase into which an emulsion of a cement of the polymer is dispersed as an aerosol of latex droplets in a solvent-vapor continuum, followed by coalescence of the latex droplets and separation of the resulting coalesced liquid phase from the resulting solvent-vapor phase. In one embodiment of the present method an aqueous emulsion is prepared the dispersed phase of which principally comprises particles of precursor latex particle size and which may contain a lesser proportion of particles of greater than precursor latex particle size. This emulsion is converted to a stable latex by subjecting the same to special conditions which cause selective agglomeration of the particles of greater than precursor latex particle size, and removing the so agglomerated particles to yield a latex essentially free of particles of greater than colloidal size. The separation of the gaseous and liquid latex phases is effected by impinging the same on a liquid body, preferably a flow of partially concentrated liquid latex; and other features of said copending applications may also be employed. In the present disclosure, in addition, special provisions are made for eliminating from the latex particles of greater than colloidal size by controlling the heating and stripping operations so that in combination, such larger particles or the precursors thereof are coagulated and removed without coagulation of the latex of colloidal sized particles. Furthermore, special provisions are made for coagulum removal and recovery, and to contribute to a more expeditious processing of the materials into stable latices and a reduction in coagulum losses and increase in efficiency.

Nonwoven mat battery separators

Abstract: The strip tensile strength of nonwoven mat battery separators of polypropylene fibers having a diameter from about 1 to about 10 microns is increased, for example, to strengths greater than 4,000 m, by fuse-bonding, as by calendering or point-bonding, at least a portion of the fibers of the mat at temperatures within the range from about 250*F to about 325*F, preferably, from about 280*F to about 315*F, while the mat is subjected to pressure sufficient to prevent shrinkage of the fibers in the mat.

Partial predilution dilution chilling

Abstract: A dewaxing process is described wherein a residual waxy petroleum oil stock characterized by having a viscosity greater than about 75 SUS at 210 DEG F. and containing less than about 10 percent of material boiling below about 950 DEG F., is mixed with at least about 0.3 volumes of a dewaxing solvent per volume of residual waxy oil stock, thereby depressing the cloud point of same.

Electronic measurement of end point of asphalt oxidation

Abstract: An electronic measuring technique for use in determining the end point of a process, such as an air blowing process employed in the manufacture of asphalt by means of an electronic bridge circuit, a device for monitoring continuously certain electrical properties of the actual product, and a reference standard which simulates the preselected desired electrical properties of the product, such as oxidized asphalt, being manufactured. As the process progresses the difference between the sensed electrical properties of the actual product and those simulated by the reference standard decreases and becomes zero or nearly zero at the end point. When the difference is zero, provision is made for the process to be stopped automatically or manually, whereupon the product is transferred into its respective storage area.

Fluid coking with improved stripping

Abstract: A fluid coking process is provided in which the fluidizing and stripping gas is introduced as a plurality of streams in the proximity of flow deflecting means positioned in the stripping portion of the coking reactor such as to provide a specified superficial gas velocity in the stripping portion.

Lubricant containing dispersant-pour depressant polymer

Abstract: Lubricating oil composition comprising a major proportion of lubricating oil and, as a dispersant-pour depressant additive, a minor proportion of a copolymer of (a) two or more C6-C18 alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, including at least one C6-C12 alkyl ester and at least one C13-C18 alkyl ester, and (b) a nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The polymeric additives have a number average molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 20,000, a nitrogen content of about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight, and are prepared from a monomer mixture which initially is essentially free from polymer.

Polymer-base painted resin cured unsaturated elastomeric substrates

Abstract: Polymer-base paints, such as acrylic or urethane paints, are used as coatings on substrates of elastomeric compositions which are heat cured compositions in which the elastomer has at least 0.5 mole percent unsaturation. These elastomeric substrates are formulated with a heat reactive phenol-formaldehyde type resin, a metal oxide or halide, the metals of which are selected from Groups IIB, IIIB, IVB or VIII of the Periodic Table and an additional halogen donor in the event that the other components bear no halogen groups. The elastomeric substrate may also contain fillers, such as carbon blacks, finely divided silica, talcs, or clays and plasticizers such as a naphthenic type oil. The halogen employed is chlorine or bromine. Optionally, the heat reactive resins are chlorine- or bromine-substituted alkylated phenolformaldehyde resins. These are preferably employed. The painted elastomeric compounds are used as sight shields, door gaskets, bumper guards, rub strips, grill housings, tire sidewalls and so forth, in the automotive manufacturing industry.

Isomerization of reformer feed using a metal halide/hydrogen halide catalyst

Abstract: A process for upgrading reformer feedstocks containing alkylcyclopentanes by isomerizing said feedstock components in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst mixture containing a metal halide, such as tantalum and/or niobium pentafluoride, and a protonic acid, such as hydrogen fluoride so that the alkylcyclopentanes are converted to the corresponding cyclohexane isomers.

Production of thermoplastic sheet

Abstract: Plastic polyolefin sheets may be formed by passing extruded resin through a primary cooling zone having a moving, smooth free surface on the cooling liquid, cooling being effected by laminar flow cooling liquid and thence by turbulent flow cooling liquid.

Polyolefin composition and use of same in alkaline solutions

Abstract: Solid polyolefins of alpha monoolefins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule such as, but not limited to, polyethylene and polypropylene containing a stearate radical such as calcium, zinc or magnesium stearate or stearic acid have added thereto an antifoaming amount of a barium compound which forms a water insoluble soap with the stearate radical in an alkaline solution.This is a division of application Ser. No. 278,143, filed 8/4/72.

Hydrogenated alkyl aromatics as petroleum distillate fuel cold flow improvers

Abstract: Hydrogenated alkyl aromatics are useful as petroleum oil additives such as wax crystal modifiers and cold flow improvers for petroleum oils, e.g. atmospheric distillate fuels, particularly when used in combination with ethylene backbone middle distillate pour point depressants such as branched polyethylene, copolymers of 4 to 30 molar proportions of ethylene with an unsaturated ester, e.g. vinyl acetate, or another olefin, etc.

Flue gas desulfurization in molten media

Abstract: Sulfur oxides such as sulfur dioxide as well as nitrogen oxides are removed from flue gas by contacting the flue gas at elevated temperatures with a molten medium containing an alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide of hydroxide, including mixtures thereof, in combination with a glass-forming oxide such as an oxide of boron. The mole ratio of alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide expressed as the oxide thereof to the glass-forming oxide is preferably maintained in the range of at least one in order for the glass-forming oxide melts to act as an efficient absorbent for the removal of sulfur oxides. The molten media is regenerated in order to remove and recover the sulfur absorbed by the glass-forming oxide melts of the instant invention by reducing the metal sulfates and sulfites formed in the molten media to their sulfide form and thereafter contacting the metal sulfides with steam at temperatures up to about 2000 DEG F. in order to recover the sulfur values as either an essentially dry, highly concentrated hydrogen sulfide stream or elemental sulfur, including mixtures thereof.

Process for fabricating an article from a multiphase copolymer composition

Abstract: A process is disclosed for fabricating a thermoplastic, which thermosplastic is either a thermoplastic ionomer or a multiphase graft or block copolymer of the ABA, (A-B)n, or WHEREIN N IS GREATER THAN 1 AND WHERE THE POLYMER BLOCKS, A and B, are each thermoplastic resins having softening points substantially above room temperature with the B block being present in at least about 30 wt. percent of the total polymer. The thermoplastic composition is first suspended in finely divided form in a liquid medium in a sufficient amount such that the solids content of the resulting suspension is in the range of from about 15 to about 75 wt. percent. The liquid medium must be nonvolatile and must be capable of plasticizing the B block (or the backbone if the ionomer is employed) of the thermoplastic composition above the softening point of that block, but no more than 10 weight percent of said liquid medium will be incorporated into said A block. The suspension is then applied as a coating to any desired surface, e.g., to wire, textiles, the interior of a mold, etc., and that surface is heated to a temperature at least 5 DEG above the softening point of either polymer block thereby solidifying the composition in the shape of said surface. The process is useful in wire coatings, coatings on textiles, preparation of leather-like upholstery, flexible sheets, toys, etc.

Improved process for converting aqueous emulsion into aerosol of latex of polymer in aqueous/solvent vapor phase

Abstract: The preparation of aqueous latices from solvent dispersions of elastomers and other high polymer compositions has presented problems including excessive viscosity during processing and foaming and coagulation, which have produced losses and increased costs. Herein combinations of steps are disclosed which reduce or eliminate various of these problems; enable the preparation of latices from high solids, high viscosity cements as well as from high solids cements of low molecular weight polymer; enable preparation of latices of grafted or filler extended or filler reinforced elastomers; enable preparation of latices of low molecular weight polymer which are then modified to materially increase the molecular weight of the polymer and/or the latex particle size; and enable the preparation of improved latices both dilute and of high solids contents, which are useful for example for adhesive and film forming purposes. The process in common with that of related copending applications is characterized, inter alia, by the establishment of a flow of latex through the separating zone and the impingement on said flow of the coalesced latex droplets from the solvent vapor stream in which they are delivered to the separator, and in certain embodiments by the use of particular additive materials. New combinations of steps and of apparatus for performing the same are also disclosed and claimed. The part of the process described and claimed herein converts an aqueous emulsion of solvent/polymer solution droplets of precursor latex particle size, into the form of an aerosol of latex of the polymer in an aqueous solvent vapor phase, by dispersing at a first station the aqueous emulsion into a flow of steam for effecting partial vaporization of the solvent therefrom, and then at one or more stations downstream from said first station adding further steam peripherally to the flow for effecting vaporization of the remainder of the solvent from the dispersed emulsion into the solvent vapor flow while maintaining the stability of the aqueous emulsion during such stripping of solvent. The process disclosed is applicable to the production of latices from specified rubbery and non-rubbery polymer compositions, and certain of such latices are new and useful products also claimed herein.

Reforming with a single platinum group metal

Abstract: Hydrocarbon materials are converted to useful products by contacting the same at elevated temperatures with a catalyst comprising a refractory support in association with greater than 0.1 wt. percent of iridium, osmium, ruthenium or rhodium. The catalyst metal, preferably iridium, is present on the surface of the support in highly dispersed form. The catalyst is particularly effective for promoting naphtha reforming operations.

Cationic polymerization catalyst

Abstract: High molecular weight polymers and highly unsaturated polymers (e.g., butyl rubber) are prepared by homopolymerizing and copolymerizing olefins, isoolefins, conjugated multiolefins, or mixtures of isoolefins and conjugated multiolefins with a catalyst system comprising an organoaluminum compound in conjunction with a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, halogens, mixed halogens and hypohalides.