ExxonMobil

About: ExxonMobil is a company organization based out in Irving, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Polymer. The organization has 16969 authors who have published 23758 publications receiving 535713 citations. The organization is also known as: Exxon Mobil Corporation & Exxon Mobil Corp..

Reactivity of organic compounds in hot water: geochemical and technological implications.

Abstract: Understanding of the reactivity of organic molecules in hot water is developing from studies aimed at explaining how organic matter (kerogen) forms in natural environments and then breaks down into energy source materials. In natural systems where kerogens are depolymerized, hot water is ubiquitous and usually contains salt and minerals. Reactions such as ionic condensation, cleavage, and hydrolysis are facilitated by changes in the chemical and physical properties of water as temperature increases. These changes make the solvent properties of water at high temperature similar to those of polar organic solvents at room temperature, thus facilitating reactions with organic compounds. An understanding of aqueous organic chemistry may lead to potential applications in areas as diverse as the recycling of plastics, the synthesis of chemicals, and coal liquefaction.

Osmotic pressure and viscoelastic shear moduli of concentrated emulsions

Abstract: We present an experimental study of the frequency \ensuremath{\omega} dependence and volume fraction \ensuremath{\varphi} dependence of the complex shear modulus ${G}^{*}(\ensuremath{\omega},\ensuremath{\varphi})$ of monodisperse emulsions which have been concentrated by an osmotic pressure \ensuremath{\Pi}. At a given \ensuremath{\varphi}, the elastic storage modulus ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}(\ensuremath{\omega})=\mathrm{Re}[{G}^{*}(\ensuremath{\omega})]$ exhibits a low-frequency plateau ${G}_{p}^{\ensuremath{'}},$ dominating the dissipative loss modulus ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}(\ensuremath{\omega})=\mathrm{Im}[{G}^{*}(\ensuremath{\omega})]$ which exhibits a minimum. Above a critical packing fraction ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{c},$ we find that both \ensuremath{\Pi}(\ensuremath{\varphi}) and ${G}_{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}(\ensuremath{\varphi})$ increase quasilinearly, scaling as $(\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{c}{)}^{\ensuremath{\mu}},$ where ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{c}^{\mathrm{rcp}},$ the volume fraction of a random close packing of spheres, and \ensuremath{\mu} is an exponent close to unity. To explain this result, we develop a model of disordered droplets which interact through an effective repulsive anharmonic potential, based on results obtained for a compressed droplet. A simulation based on this model yields a calculated static shear modulus $G$ and osmotic pressure \ensuremath{\Pi} that are in excellent agreement with the experimental values of ${G}_{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and \ensuremath{\Pi}.

Do Workplace Health Promotion (Wellness) Programs Work

Abstract: Objective: To respond to the question, “Do workplace health promotion programs work?” Methods: A compilation of the evidence on workplace programs’ effectiveness coupled with recommendations for critical review of outcome studies. Also, reviewed are recent studies questioning the value of workplace programs. Results: Evidence accumulated over the past three decades shows that well-designed and well-executed programs that are founded on evidence-based principles can achieve positive health and financial outcomes. Conclusions: Employers seeking a program that “works” are urged to consider their goals and whether they have an organizational culture that can facilitate success. Employers who choose to adopt a health promotion program should use best and promising practices to maximize the likelihood of achieving positive results.

Capturing Key Attributes of Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks In Outcrops, Cores, and Thin Sections: Nomenclature and Description Guidelines

Abstract: An integrated nomenclature scheme is proposed to capture the inherent heterogeneity of fine-grained sedimentary rocks at the 102 to 10−3 mm scale and to assist the evaluation of these rocks as sinks of organic carbon, barriers to fluid flows, and reservoirs of oil and gas. This scheme incorporates previous knowledge and the latest field, petrographic, and laboratory observations. We propose to name fine-grained sedimentary rocks using a root term based on their texture (grain size), which is modified by description of bedding, composition, and grain origin. Regarding texture, we suggest the use of “mudstone” as a class name for the entire spectrum of fine-grained sedimentary rocks. We define mudstone as a rock in which more than fifty percent of its grains are mud (clay and silt) size (< 62.5 µm). Similar to the approach used for the description of sandstone texture, mudstone texture can be refined by a “coarse,” “medium,” or “fine” size-range term. Regarding bedding, we follow Campbell's (1967) genetic approach to define laminae, laminasets, and beds, and describe lamina geometry, continuity, and shape. Regarding composition, we propose terms such as “siliceous,” “calcareous,” “argillaceous,” and “carbonaceous” to capture differences in rock composition. The name of a mudstone can be further modified by additional attributes that detail the form and origin of the rock components. Application of this approach to the Cretaceous Eagle Ford Shale illustrates the variability typically present in mudstone successions and demonstrates how our detailed characterization can be used to decipher and predict rock properties of economic interest.