Showing papers by "Federal University of Roraima published in 2016"
National Institute for Space Research1, Institut national de la recherche agronomique2, University of Antwerp3, University of Leeds4, University of Hohenheim5, Royal Museum for Central Africa6, National Institute of Amazonian Research7, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária8, University of Tasmania9, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg10, Wageningen University and Research Centre11, Universidade Federal do Acre12, Spanish National Research Council13, University of São Paulo14, Federal University of Paraná15, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora16, Centre national de la recherche scientifique17, University of Zambia18, University of Missouri–St. Louis19, Universidade Federal de Viçosa20, Stellenbosch University21, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz22, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria23, University of Brasília24, World Agroforestry Centre25, Charles Darwin University26, Mount Holyoke College27, Stanford University28, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign29, University of Göttingen30, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina31, Malaysian Palm Oil Board32, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais33, California State University, Monterey Bay34, Universidade Federal de Sergipe35, University of Helsinki36, University of Oxford37, United States Forest Service38, Florida International University39, Kyoto University40, Institut Français41, National Scientific and Technical Research Council42, Sao Paulo State University43, University of Edinburgh44, Oregon State University45, Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources46, Federal University of Roraima47, University of Aberdeen48, Universidade Federal do Amapá49, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno50, State University of Campinas51, University of Exeter52
TL;DR: In this paper, the seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem.
Abstract: The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000 mm yr(-1) (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000 mm yr(-1).
109 citations
TL;DR: The use of essential oils from these common spices might serve as an alternative to the use of chemical preservatives in the control and inactivation of pathogens in commercially produced food systems.
100 citations
Rio de Janeiro State University1, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro2, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation3, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul4, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics5, Federal University of Pará6, University of São Paulo7, State University of Feira de Santana8, Federal University of Amazonas9, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais10, Universidade Federal do Amapá11, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo12, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina13, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte14, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso15, Federal University of Bahia16, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná17, Federal University of Pernambuco18, University of Brasília19, Universidade Federal de Rondônia20, State University of Campinas21, Federal University of Piauí22, Universidade Federal do Acre23, Universidade Federal de Goiás24, Federal University of Maranhão25, Federal University of Ceará26, Universidade Federal de Sergipe27, Federal University of Paraíba28, Federal University of Alagoas29, Federal University of Roraima30, Sao Paulo State University31
TL;DR: Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants. The sample was stratified and clustered into schools and classes. The criteria set out by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define metabolic syndrome. Prevalences of metabolic syndrome were estimated according to sex, age group, school type and nutritional status. RESULTS Of the 37,504 adolescents who were evaluated: 50.2% were female; 54.3% were aged from 15 to 17 years, and 73.3% were from public schools. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% (95%CI 2.3-2.9), slightly higher in males and in those aged from 15 to 17 years in most macro-regions. The prevalence was the highest in residents from the South macro-region, in the younger female adolescents and in the older male adolescents. The prevalence was higher in public schools (2.8% [95%CI 2.4-3.2]), when compared with private schools (1.9% [95%CI 1.4-2.4]) and higher in obese adolescents when compared with nonobese ones. The most common combinations of components, referring to 3/4 of combinations, were: enlarged waist circumference (WC), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and high blood pressure; followed by enlarged WC, low HDL-c and high triglycerides; and enlarged WC, low HDL-c, high triglycerides and blood pressure. Low HDL was the second most frequent component, but the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (26.8%) was observed in the presence of high triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS ERICA is the first Brazilian nation-wide study to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and describe the role of its components. Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.
76 citations
National Institute for Space Research1, Institut national de la recherche agronomique2, University of Antwerp3, University of Leeds4, University of Hohenheim5, Royal Museum for Central Africa6, National Institute of Amazonian Research7, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária8, University of Tasmania9, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg10, Wageningen University and Research Centre11, Universidade Federal do Acre12, Spanish National Research Council13, University of São Paulo14, Federal University of Paraná15, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora16, Paul Sabatier University17, University of Zambia18, University of Missouri–St. Louis19, Universidade Federal de Viçosa20, Centre national de la recherche scientifique21, Stellenbosch University22, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz23, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria24, University of Brasília25, World Agroforestry Centre26, Charles Darwin University27, Mount Holyoke College28, Stanford University29, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign30, University of Göttingen31, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina32, Malaysian Palm Oil Board33, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais34, California State University, Monterey Bay35, Universidade Federal de Sergipe36, University of Helsinki37, University of Oxford38, United States Forest Service39, Florida International University40, Kyoto University41, Institut Français42, National Scientific and Technical Research Council43, Sao Paulo State University44, University of Edinburgh45, Oregon State University46, Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources47, Federal University of Roraima48, University of Aberdeen49, Universidade Federal do Amapá50, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno51, State University of Campinas52
TL;DR: In this paper, the seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem.
Abstract: The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associate canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000 mm.yr−1 (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests); on the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. Precipitation first-order control indicates an overall decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate. (Resume d'auteur)
40 citations
TL;DR: HPV vaccination coverage was high in Boa Vista, Brazil, but knowledge about the vaccine was deficient, and this deficiency was associated with a distorted perception and was negatively associated with compliance to vaccination.
Abstract: To evaluate the HPV vaccination coverage in Boa Vista, Roraima (Brazil) and to identify personal and socioeconomic factors related to non-compliance to HPV vaccination. A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a self-administered questionnaire to the parents or guardians of pre-adolescent girls. The questionnaire addressed compliance to, knowledge about and perception of HPV and the HPV vaccine. Between July and November 2015, 13 private and public schools were visited based on a random cluster sampling method. A total of 1337 questionnaires were distributed to all female students in the target age group, and 797 were completed and returned (the participation rate was 59.6 %). The vaccination coverage rate was 82.7 % and was higher among public school students than among private school students (84.1 % vs 56.3 %; p = 0.003). Most parents (60 %) incorrectly answered more than half of the questions related to HPV knowledge, and limited knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine correlated with lower compliance to vaccination (adjusted OR = 1.42; 95 % CI: 1.01 to 2.76). In the perception analysis, the belief that the HPV vaccine is important for the daughter was an important protective factor (adjusted OR = 0.62; 95 % CI: 0.23 to 0.93), and concern about adverse effects of the HPV vaccine was a risk factor for non-compliance (adjusted OR = 1.66; 95 % CI: 1.01 to 2.71). Family income, religion and education level of the parents or guardians did not correlate with compliance to vaccination. HPV vaccination coverage was high in Boa Vista, Brazil, but knowledge about the vaccine was deficient. This deficiency was associated with a distorted perception and was negatively associated with compliance to vaccination. Actions aimed at informing the public about the HPV vaccine, including its risks and benefits, are needed to attain higher vaccination coverage in Brazil.
21 citations
TL;DR: The gene expression profiles, under severe drought stress, in roots and leaves of the cultivar MGS1 Aliança, a well-adapted cultivar to the Cerrado, are analyzed and are useful for understanding the metabolic pathways involved in wheat drought response.
Abstract: Drought limits wheat production in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. In order to search for candidate genes associated to the response to water deficit, we analyzed the gene expression profiles, under severe drought stress, in roots and leaves of the cultivar MGS1 Alianca, a well-adapted cultivar to the Cerrado. A set of 4,422 candidate genes was found in roots and leaves. The number of down-regulated transcripts in roots was higher than the up-regulated transcripts, while the opposite occurred in leaves. The number of common transcripts between the two tissues was 1,249, while 2,124 were specific to roots and 1,049 specific to leaves. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed a 0.78 correlation with the expression data. The candidate genes were distributed across all chromosomes and component genomes, but a greater number was mapped on the B genome, particularly on chromosomes 3B, 5B and 2B. When considering both tissues, 116 different pathways were induced. One common pathway, among the top three activated pathways in both tissues, was starch and sucrose metabolism. These results pave the way for future marker development and selection of important genes and are useful for understanding the metabolic pathways involved in wheat drought response.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study between three acid decomposition procedures of milk powder samples for the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, and Na by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma is presented.
Abstract: In this paper, a comparative study between three acid decomposition procedures of milk powder samples for the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, and Na by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma is presented. Utilizing a reflux system, it was possible to increase the temperature of the digester block above the boiling point of the reaction medium, avoiding the loss of analyte and the excessive evaporation of the acids during the heating. Conditions of acidity (10 mL HNO3/H2SO4), temperature (350 °C), and decomposition time (4 h) were defined by evaluation of residual carbon content. Acid digestion in an open system with a cold finger was compared with a conventional open system (4 h ate 120 °C), as well as with microwave digestion (heating ramp to 180 °C by the time 45 min), for four commercial samples of milk powder. For the three sample preparation procedures, the values of the analyte concentrations in all analyzed samples were similar. The accuracy of the acid digestion procedures for Ca, Cu, Fe, K, and Na was assessed by the analysis of a certified reference material of milk (infant formula), and good agreement between the certified values and the measured value was obtained. The limits of quantification for the acid digestion with reflux system for Ca, Cu, Fe, K, and Na, in milligram per kilogram, were 7.48, 0.31, 1.0, 8.20, and 25.81, respectively, and for the microwave digestion were 14.0, 0.57, 1.78, 14.65, and 46.08, respectively. The decomposition procedure using a cold finger in an open system is effective, presenting the lowest residual carbon content (6 %), good accuracy, and relative standard deviation lower than 5 %, and appears to be a suitable procedure for sample preparation for routine analysis.
20 citations
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the spontaneous self-coiling of single-wall carbon nanotubes into defect-free coils of up to more than 70 turns with identical diameter and chirality, and free ends, which represents a major step toward the production of many different nanotube coil devices, including inductors, electromagnets, transformers, and dynamos.
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are promising building blocks for various nanoelectronic components. A highly desirable geometry for such applications is a coil. However, coiled nanotube structures reported so far were inherently defective or had no free ends accessible for contacting. Here we demonstrate the spontaneous self-coiling of single-wall carbon nanotubes into defect-free coils of up to more than 70 turns with identical diameter and chirality, and free ends. We characterize the structure, formation mechanism, and electrical properties of these coils by different microscopies, molecular dynamics simulations, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical and magnetic measurements. The coils are highly conductive, as expected for defect-free carbon nanotubes, but adjacent nanotube segments in the coil are more highly coupled than in regular bundles of single-wall carbon nanotubes, owing to their perfect crystal momentum matching, which enables tunneling between the turns. Although this behavior does not yet enable the perfo...
19 citations
TL;DR: The ratio of electrolytes by seed mass, after 24 hours of immersion in water, turns electrical conductivity test more accurate concerning A. mangium seeds, and the amount of water, container size and the need of breaking the tegument dormancy are determined.
Abstract: Acacia is an important forest species of rapid growth whose seeds have tegument dormancy. In this work it was intended to characterize water absorption pattern after seed dormancy break, and to determine the amount of water, container size and the need of breaking the tegument dormancy, as to perform electrical conductivity test in small and large seeds of Acacia mangium (Fabaceae). The seeds were collected from 10, 8 and 6 years old trees established in poor yielding-capacity soils on savannah areas of Roraima, Brazil; seeds were classified in six lots concerning to seed size and tree age. Germination tests (50 seeds and four replications per lot) were carried out on germitest® paper maintained on gerbox at 25 °C. Imbibition was verified by seed weighing at different times (0, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 120 hours). The electrical conductivity test consisted of three experiments, distinguished by the amount of water used and by the container size in which seeds were immersed. Seeds of A. mangium coming from 10 years old trees presented increased germination percent and germination speed than seeds of six-year old trees. Small seeds presented increased in electrical conductivity and water absorption until 120 hours when compared to large seeds. The immersion of seeds of A. mangium in 40 mL of distilled water into 180 mL plastic containers, after dormancy break, it is indicated for the determination of electrical conductivity test. The ratio of electrolytes by seed mass, after 24 hours of immersion in water, turns electrical conductivity test more accurate concerning A. mangium seeds.
16 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two management styles on Marandu palisade grass pastures under rotational stocking with respect to the herbage mass, morphological composition, and structural characteristics of the pasture.
Abstract: An evaluation of productive potential is not the only factor used to determine grazing management efficiency; it is also necessary to know the structural characteristics of the canopy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two management styles on Marandu palisade grass pastures under rotational stocking with respect to the herbage mass, morphological composition, and structural characteristics of the pasture. The treatments under consideration were a) a fixed rest period of 30 days (RP30) or b) a rest period based on the time necessary for the canopy to reach 95% light interception (LI95). The experimental design was a completely randomized block with two blocks and three replicates within the blocks. Animals were placed in the paddocks when the grass reached the established management criteria, which were maintained for three days to reach 25 cm in stubble height. Shorter grazing intervals (22.8 vs. 30 days), lower pre-grazing heights (35.9 vs. 42.3 cm), and lower forage masses (4,411 vs. 5,290 kg/ha.cycle) were observed in LI95 pastures. The LI95 treatment had a higher leaf percentage (48.3 vs. 41.1) and the lowest percentage of dead forage (19.0 vs. 25.4) in the pre-grazing forage mass of the pasture in relation to that of RP30. Performing pasture management based on RP30 throughout the season is harmful to the pasture structure because it reduces the leaf percentage and increases the stem and senescent material in the available forage. The lower pre-grazing forage mass observed under LI95 management is offset by more grazing cycles within the rainy season.
15 citations
TL;DR: During a medical entomology course in Boa Vista, Roraima, colonies of Triatoma maculata closely associated with pigeon nests were observed in concrete air-conditioner box located on the external plastered and cemented walls of a modern brick-built apartment block.
Abstract: During a medical entomology course in Boa Vista, Roraima, colonies of Triatoma maculata closely associated with pigeon nests were observed in concrete air-conditioner box located on the external plastered and cemented walls of a modern brick-built apartment block. In only one eight-hole ceramic brick, located inside one air-conditioner box, 127 specimens of T. maculata were collected. T. maculata is a recognised vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the surrounding area and its domiciliation increases the risk of Chagas disease transmission.
TL;DR: The excess of avoidable hospitalizations in Yanomami children hospitalized for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions is a clear indication of the low quality of care and limited accessibility to primary health care in indigenous territories, which is contrary to the assistance model proposed by the indigenous healthcare subsystem in Brazil.
Abstract: In developing countries, pneumonia is the leading cause of sickness and mortality in childhood, especially among vulnerable groups. The scope of this study was to analyze the factors associated with pneumonia in Yanomami children hospitalized for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC). Hospital admissions were divided into two groups: i) pneumonia; and ii) other causes, according to the Brazilian ACSC list. Adjusted hospitalization rates were estimated and unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with pneumonia. Over 90% of the registered cases were considered ACSC. The adjusted rate of ACSC was 18.6/1000. The odds ratio of hospitalization for pneumonia was 2.7 (CI: 1.3-5.4) times higher in children aged between 0.1 and 5.9 months; 1.9 (CI: 1.1-3.3) times higher in children who were hospitalized for 8-14 days; and three (CI: 1.2-7.5) times higher in children with a secondary diagnosis of malnutrition. The excess of avoidable hospitalizations is a clear indication of the low quality of care and limited accessibility to primary health care in indigenous territories, which is contrary to the assistance model proposed by the indigenous healthcare subsystem in Brazil, which should in theory focus on welfare technologies based on primary health care.
TL;DR: Oil rich in ALA caused similar immune modulation in cancer when compared with FO, and innate immune cells enhanced phagocytosis capacity, and increased processing and elimination of antigens.
Abstract: Objective: Polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (PUFA n-3) have shown effects in reducing tumor growth, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) abundantly present in fish oil (FO). When these fatty acids are provided in the diet, they alter the functions of the cells, particularly in tumor and immune cells. However, the effects of α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA), which is the precursor of EPA and DHA, are controversial. Thus, our objective was to test the effect of this parental fatty acid. Methods: Non-tumor-bearing and tumor-bearing Wistar rats (70 days) were supplemented with 1 g/kg body weight of FO or Oro Inca® (OI) oil (rich in ALA). Immune cells function, proliferation, cytokine production, and subpopulation profile were evaluated. Results: We have shown that innate immune cells enhanced phagocytosis capacity, and increased processing and elimination of antigens. Moreover, there was a decrease in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles via the chemical co-precipitation of Fe 3+ ions and their preparation by coating them with polyaniline was reported.
Abstract: It is reported the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles via the chemical co-precipitation of Fe 3+ ions and their preparation by coating them with polyaniline. The electronic micrograph analysis showed that the mean diameter for the nanoparticles is ∼15 nm. FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy were used to understand the chemical, crystallographic and 57Fe hyperfine structures for the two samples. The nanoparticles, which exhibited magnetic behavior with relatively high spontaneous magnetization at room temperature, were identified as being mainly formed by maghemite (γFe2O3). The coated magnetic nanoparticles (sample labeled “mPANI”) presented a real ability to bind biological molecules such as trypsin, forming the magnetic enzyme derivative (sample “mPANIG-Trypsin”). The amount of protein and specific activity of the immobilized trypsin were found to be 13±5 μg of protein/mg of mPANI (49.3 % of immobilized protein) and 24.1±0.7 U/mg of immobilized protein, respectively. After 48 days of storage at 4 ∘C, the activity of the immobilized trypsin was found to be 89 % of its initial activity. This simple, fast and low-cost procedure was revealed to be a promising way to prepare mPANI nanoparticles if technological applications addressed to covalently link biomolecules are envisaged. This route yields chemically stable derivatives, which can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture with a magnetic field and recyclable reused.
TL;DR: Gasparini et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a paper on the evolution of fossils in the context of the Argentine National Museum of Paleontology (MPMV) and the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas and Tecnicas.
Abstract: Fil: Gasparini, German Mariano. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Division Paleontologia Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina
TL;DR: The Connectedness to Nature Scale mostrou ser uma medida psicometricamente adequada for avaliar um fator geral de conexao com a natureza, podendo ser empregada em estudos futures as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Este artigo objetivou reunir evidencias de validade e precisao da Connectedness to Nature Scale no contexto brasileiro. Dois estudos foram realizados. No Estudo 1, participaram 204 pessoas com idade media de 33 anos (Desvio-Padrao = 13,83), as quais responderam a referida escala e perguntas demograficas. Os resultados de uma analise de componentes principais indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial (a = 0,81). No Estudo 2, participaram 220 estudantes universitarios com idade media de 23 anos (Desvio-Padrao = 5,82), os quais responderam a escala adaptada e perguntas demograficas. Uma analise fatorial confirmatoria (estimador ML) confirmou a adequacao da estrutura unifatorial (e.g., Comparative Fit Index = 0,91, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation = 0,064), obtendo consistencia interna satisfatoria (a = 0,83). Concluindo, a Connectedness to Nature Scale mostrou ser uma medida psicometricamente adequada para avaliar um fator geral de conexao com a natureza, podendo ser empregada em estudos futuros.
13 Aug 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) no âmbito das relações familiares têm enfatizado, em sua maioria, a figura materna.
Abstract: RESUMO – Os estudos acerca do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no âmbito das relações familiares têm enfatizado, em sua maioria, a figura materna. Nesse contexto, investigações sobre as relações fraternas são escassas. Nessa direção, o presente estudo de cunho qualitativo e descritivo teve por objetivo caracterizar as interações sociais entre sujeitos com desenvolvimento típico (DT) e seus irmãos com TEA. Participaram do estudo duas díades de irmãos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Formulário de Informações sobre a Família, Formulário de Informações sobre o irmão com TEA e entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados indicaram que as interações se constituem por sentimentos ambíguos, altruísmo, maturidade, conflitos devido às características da síndrome, companheirismo, poucas responsabilidades frente ao irmão com TEA e apoio familiar. Em suma, a relação entre os irmãos foi facilitada por amizades em comum, orientações das mães junto aos filhos com DT, relativa autonomia do irmão com TEA e redes de apoio familiar e especializado. Os fatores que dificultam tais interações relacionam-se às características clássicas do autismo e falta de tempo por parte dos pais. Conclui-se que as particularidades de cada família determinam as interações sociais entre sujeitos com DT e irmãos com TEA.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated sulfentrazone leaching in five soils of the sugarcane region in the Northeast Region of Brazil, with different physical and chemical properties, by means of bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resolution.
Abstract: Sulfentrazone leaching potential is dependent on soil properties such as strength and type of clay, organic matter content and pH, and may result in ineffectiveness of the product and contamination of groundwater. The objective of this study was to evaluate sulfentrazone leaching in five soils of the sugarcane region in the Northeast Region of Brazil, with different physical and chemical properties, by means of bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resolution. The experiment was conducted in a split plot in a completely randomized design. The plots had PVC columns with a 10 cm diameter and being 50 cm deep, filled with five different soil classes (quartzarenic neosol, haplic cambisol, yellowish-red latosol, yellowish-red acrisol, and haplic gleysol), and subplots for 10 depths in columns, 5 cm intervals. On top of the columns, sulfentrazone application was conducted and 12 hours later there was a simulated rainfall of 60 mm. After 72 hours, the columns were horizontally placed and longitudinally open, divided into sections of 5.0 cm. In the center of each section of the columns, soil samples were collected for chromatographic analyses and sorghum sowing was carried out as an indicator plant. The bioassay method was more sensitive to detect the presence of sulfentrazone in an assessment for chromatography soil, having provided greater herbicide mobility in quartzarenic neosol and yellowish-red latosol, whose presence was detected by the indicator plant to a depth of 45 and 35 cm, respectively. In the other soils, sulfentrazone was detected up to 20 cm deep. The intense mobility of sulfentrazone in quartzarenic neosol may result in herbicide efficiency loss in the soil because the symptoms of intoxication and the amount of herbicide detected via silica were highest between 15 cm and 35 cm depth regarding the soil surface layer (0-10 cm), indicating that sulfentrazone should be avoided in soils with such characteristics.
TL;DR: In this paper, wood fossil charcoal is identified from the upper Lower Cretaceous (Serra do Tucano Formation, Aptian-Albian) of Roraima (North Brazil).
TL;DR: A high diversity of endophytic bacteria is present in the Amazon region and these bacteria have potential to promote the development of maize plants and to assess their capacity to promote plant growth.
Abstract: Maize plants can establish beneficial associations with plant growth-promoting bacteria. However, few studies have been conducted on the characterization and inoculation of these bacteria in the Amazon region. This study aimed to characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from maize in the Amazon region and to assess their capacity to promote plant growth. Fifty-five bacterial isolates were obtained from maize grown in two types of ecosystems, i.e., a cerrado (savanna) and a forest area. The isolates were characterized by the presence of the nifH gene, their ability to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and solubilize calcium phosphate (CaHPO4), and 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. Twenty-four bacteria contained the nifH gene, of which seven were isolated from maize plants cultivated in a cerrado area and seventeen from a forest area. Fourteen samples showed the capacity to synthesize IAA and only four solubilized calcium phosphate. The following genera were found among these isolates: Pseudomonas; Acinetobacter; Enterobacter; Pantoea; Burkholderia and Bacillus. In addition, eight isolates with plant growth-promoting capacity were selected for a glasshouse experiment involving the inoculation of two maize genotypes (a hybrid and a variety) grown in pots containing soil. Inoculation promoted the development of the maize plants but no significant interaction between maize cultivar and bacterial inoculation was found. A high diversity of endophytic bacteria is present in the Amazon region and these bacteria have potential to promote the development of maize plants.
19 Jul 2016
TL;DR: Os genotipos de feijao-caupi BRS Cauame, BRS Guariba e BRS Arace, apresentam resistencia do tipo nao-preferencia para alimentacao, alem de interferirem negativamente na producao de ninfas por femea de Aphis craccivora.
Abstract: O feijao-caupi esta amplamente distribuido nas regioes tropicais e subtropicais do mundo, sendo atacado por diversos insetos, dentre esses, o pulgao-preto, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a preferencia de pulgao-preto a genotipos de feijao-caupi a partir de testes com e sem chance de escolha. Foram realizados experimentos em gaiolas (3,0 x 1,6 x 2,0 m), com e sem chance de escolha, utilizando delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e inteiramente ao acaso, respectivamente, com quatro repeticoes, sendo a unidade experimental constituida por uma planta cultivada em vaso de cada um dos 15 genotipos estudados: Apiau, Cara-preta, BR 17 Gurgueia, BRS Arace, BRS Cauame, BRS Guariba, BRS Itaim, BRS Jurua, BRS Mazagao, BRS Marataoa, BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Xiquexique, Iracema, Pretinho Precoce 1 e Sempre Verde. No ensaio com chance de escolha, um vaso de planta infestada com o pulgao foi colocado no centro da gaiola com os 15 vasos de cada genotipo distribuidos aleatoriamente em forma de circulo. Apos 24, 48 e 96 h, foram contados o numero de adultos e de ninfas por planta. No ensaio sem chance de escolha, cinco femeas adultas foram colocadas nas plantas aprisionadas dentro de minigaiolas presas as plantas, sendo contados, apos 96 h, o numero de femeas vivas e mortas, bem como o numero de ninfas produzidas. Os genotipos de feijao-caupi BRS Cauame, BRS Guariba e BRS Arace, apresentam resistencia do tipo nao-preferencia para alimentacao, alem de interferirem negativamente na producao de ninfas por femea de Aphis craccivora. Os genotipos Apiau, BR 17 Gurgueia e BRS Mazagao sao suscetiveis a A. craccivora.
TL;DR: The Latossolos foram as classes de solos predominantes in quatro fragmentos naturais of florestas of ocorrencia no mosaico savana-floresta in Roraima, Brazil as mentioned in this paper, where a metodo consistiu em transectos atravessando as ilhas nos sentidos leste-oeste e norte-sul, onde foram abertas cinco trincheiras for a coleta de amostras e estudos of solos.
Abstract: O estudo de solos em ilhas florestais inseridas em areas de dominio de savanas e fundamental para compreender os processos de formacao da paisagem. Este trabalho caracterizou propriedades morfologicas, fisicas e quimicas de solos em quatro fragmentos naturais de florestas de ocorrencia no mosaico savana-floresta em Roraima, norte da Amazonia. O metodo consistiu em transectos atravessando as ilhas nos sentidos leste-oeste e norte-sul, onde foram abertas cinco trincheiras para a coleta de amostras e estudos de solos. Nas areas de savana contiguas a cada ilha foram estabelecidos transectos de 100 m de comprimento e abertas cinco trincheiras equidistantes para caracterizacao quimica e fisica do solo comparativa. Os Latossolos foram as classes de solos predominantes nas quatro ilhas investigadas, seguida de Argissolos e Plintossolos, todos predominantemente oligotroficos (distroficos, de baixa CTC, acidos). Condicoes quimicas e fisicas melhores foram verificadas nos solos das ilhas florestais em relacao as areas de savana circundantes, numa mesma classe de solo. Assim, embora a classe de solo nao tenha variado entre diferentes fitofisionomias em um dado gradiente, caracteristicas quimicas e fisicas especificas variaram e podem exercer influencia positiva no estabelecimento de vegetacao florestada. Embora florestas e savanas ocorram lado a lado, em mosaico, o clima atual com longa estacao seca e concordante com a existencia da savana em relevo plano e a ocorrencia das ilhas florestais parece condicionada a variacoes fisico-quimicas sutis dos solos, sem necessidade de invocar uma relacao com oscilacoes paleoclimaticas. Estudos mais aprofundados posteriores poderao testar a hipotese de contracao ou expansao florestal durante o Quaternario, buscando evidencias de que tais ilhas possam representar reliquias paleoclimaticas imersas em dominio savânico.
TL;DR: Evaluating the symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in symbiosis with Stylosanthes in savanna areas in Roraima, Brazil indicated that a large diversity of α-Proteobacteria and β-Proteinobacteria are able to nodulate StylOSanthes spp.
12 May 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Gis and remote sensing techniques to characterize the landscape of Roraima, focusing on an approach that is not only functional, but also ecology with emphasis on the appreciation of the concepts and techniques of geography, like space science has a vast knowledge about the elements that make up given landscape and on the processes that streamline.
Abstract: This research had as objective the characterization of the landscape of lavrado Roraima, focusing on an approach that is not only functional, but also ecology with emphasis on the appreciation of the concepts and techniques of geography, like space science has a vast knowledge about the elements that make up given landscape and on the processes that streamline. The methodology addressed was the use of Gis and remote sensing techniques to statistical quantification of landscape units that stand out in the environment studied, among them are Lake systems of the plowed and the municipalities that are part of this extensive dominant matrix. This quantification was also performed with the application of some metrics (or indices) of the landscape, such as shape index and index of classes. The results show us that the lavrado of Roraima is a unique region, with own attributes and for this reason should be studied with a focus in their own biodiversity, ecological and cultural identity and the use of statistical techniques deserve to have greater prominence in the landscape studies in General, because the landscape studies are still sometimes subjective and descriptive, making the limited knowledge.
29 Mar 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a relevant interacao entre os aspectos morfologicos do relevo (Geomorfologia) correlacionados with the aspectos de distribuicao da biota (Biogeografia) is discussed.
Abstract: Este estudo discute a relevante interacao entre os aspectos morfologicos do relevo (Geomorfologia) correlacionados com os aspectos de distribuicao da biota (Biogeografia). A regiao aqui discutida, esta inserida dentro do dominio morfoclimatico amazonico, no Estado de Roraima. As interpretacoes geomorfologicas dos habitats foram baseadas em tecnicas de sensoriamento remoto, utilizando imagens Landsat 7 (produto Geocover, 2000) para descrever processos agradacionais e o modelo de elevacao da SRTM, para os processos denudacionais, processadas pelo Lab. de Metricas da Paisagem (Geografia/UFRR). O Estado de Roraima, representando ~3% da Amazonia, insere-se como uma regiao que representa as mais variadas tipologias morfologicas do relevo e vegetacao, distribuidos neste dominio morfoclimatico. Abrange desde relevos baixos, arrasados por intemperismo quimico profundo ( etchplanacao ), com planicies fluviais bem desenvolvidas, das quais destacam-se os principais rios com pelo menos 17.500 km² de area umida, o rio Branco sendo o principal com 3.400 km² de planicie fluvial. Ocorrem formacoes de sistemas lacustres fluviais e desconexos destes, formando areas periodicamente alagaveis, no lavrado e campinaranas, por exemplo, no lavrado ocupam cerca de 832,627 km², formando um sistema hidrogeoecologico interconectado por campos e veredas com 11.340 km² de extensao, constituindo morfologias tipicas de sistemas agradacionais (deposicionais). Estas areas umidas em Roraima, levando em consideracao somente rios com planicies fluviais desenvolvidas, campos com sistemas lacustres, e areas de influencia de buritizais, estao em torno de 20.750 km² de extensao. Estes aspectos sao de fundamental importância para se compreender a dinâmica hidrogeomorfologica dos habitats de Roraima, com base em tecnicas das quais e possivel analisar parâmetros geomorfometricos, metodologia empregada para dar mais subsidios na descricao da paisagem.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized part of the doctoral research on quilombo Maria Rosa, one of the first rural black communities in the state of Sao Paulo to be granted a quilombola land title.
Abstract: This paper summarizes part of the doctoral research on quilombo Maria Rosa, one of the first rural black communities in the state of Sao Paulo to be granted a quilombola land title. The aim is to understand whether, within that community, land titling public policy operates as a mechanism to counter racism. To reach the proposed objectives, observations and interviews were carried out based on the formulations of Enrique Pichon-Riviere. Other authors such as Rene Kaes contributed to the analysis of the material. The study concluded that the policy brings those quilombo residents into contact with the effects of slavery and racism. However, they still lack an adequate support policy integrating different government levels and addressing the issue of racism.
TL;DR: O feno de amoreira pode ser utilizado na alimentacao de cordeiros confinados sem prejudicar as caracteristicas quantitativas in vivo, da carcaca e dos cortes comerciais de Cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo 0.
Abstract: Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristicas quantitativas in vivo, da carcaca e dos cortes comerciais de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo 0; 12,5 e 25,0% de feno de amoreira em substituicao ao concentrado. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro cordeiros Ile de France, com aproximadamente 60 dias de idade e 15 kg de peso corporal, confinados em baias individuais e abatidos aos 32 kg. Houve efeito linear crescente (R2 = 0,84) para a profundidade do torax, indice de musculosidade da perna (R2=0,71) e para a relacao musculo:osso (R2=0,95); decrescente (R2 =0,75) para o indice de compacidade da carcaca, peso da paleta (R2 = 0,78) e peso (R2=0,99) e comprimento (R2=0,86) do femur a medida que se aumentou o feno de amoreira na dieta; e comportamento quadratico para perdas por resfriamento (R2=1,0) e porcentagem de gordura intermuscular. O feno de amoreira pode ser utilizado na alimentacao de cordeiros confinados sem prejudicar as caracteristicas quantitativas da carcaca.
TL;DR: FO partially reverses renal alterations induced by an HFD, and this effect is partially reversed by fish oil (FO) supplementation.
TL;DR: O objetivo deste estudo foi criopreservar o semen de tatus-peba em diluente Tris-gema e glicerol, e determinar os danos causados pelo processo de congelacao-descongelacao, utilizando marcadores fluorescentes e analise ultraestrutural.
Abstract: O objetivo deste estudo foi criopreservar o semen de tatus-peba (Euphractus sexcinctus) em diluente Tris-gema e glicerol, e determinar os danos causados pelo processo de congelacao-descongelacao, utilizando marcadores fluorescentes e analise ultraestrutural As amostras de semen (n=11) coletadas de 4 tatus-peba adultos por eletroejaculacao foram criopreservadas em diluente Tris acrescido de 20% de gema de ovo e 3% de glicerol, em curva rapida de congelacao A analise classica das amostras foi realizada apos a diluicao, refrigeracao e descongelacao, seguida por analise de fluorescencia, utilizando uma combinacao de sondas fluorescentes para avaliar a integridade da membrana (Iodeto de Propidio - PI e Hoechst - H342), e a atividade mitocondrial (CMXRos - Mito Tracker RED®) Foi tambem utilizada a analise ultraestrutural para verificar possiveis alteracoes morfologicas causadas pela crioinjuria Quando comparadas com as amostras a fresco, verificou-se uma queda significativa em todos os parâmetros seminais dos tatus apos a descongelacao, em que apenas 6,1% de espermatozoides moveis foram encontrados No entanto, o percentual de espermatozoides que permaneceu com membrana viavel (13%) e funcional (24,7%) apos a descongelacao sugere que algumas celulas podem estar vivas, mas imoveis Analises utilizando marcadores fluorescentes revelaram que as mitocondrias dos espermatozoides de tatus sao altamente sensiveis ao protocolo de congelacao e os achados atraves da analise ultraestrutural comprovaram esta afirmacao Alem disso, as imagens obtidas por microscopia eletronica de transmissao revelaram que espermatozoides congelados-descongelados apresentaram membranas plasmaticas danificadas, modificacoes nucleares como alteracoes na cromatina, e alteracoes acrossomais relativas a capacitacao espermatica Em conclusao, este estudo e a primeira tentativa de criopreservacao de semen em uma especie de tatu, e nos auxiliou a identificar pontos criticos no processo de congelacao-descongelacao, a fim de melhorar o protocolo
05 Feb 2016
TL;DR: In this article, an experiment conducted at Embrapa Roraima, Brazil, in an esquema fatorial 3 × 7, was conducted to evaluate the effect of different substratos on the emergencia of a cupuacuzeiro.
Abstract: O cupuacu pode ser propagado por via sexuada ou assexuada, sendo a via seminifera o processo mais utilizado. Dessa forma, ambientes apropriados para a producao de mudas propiciam melhores condicoes para o crescimento inicial em campo, colaborando para o aumento da homogeneidade, sanidade e reducao da mortalidade de plantas no momento do plantio. Assim, fatores como luz e tipo de substrato sao importantes para a germinacao de sementes e emergencia inicial de plantas. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos, bem como a influencia do sombreamento na emergencia e no crescimento inicial de plântulas de cupuacu. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Roraima, utilizando-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 7, constituidos de diferentes ambientes (canteiro sem cobertura, canteiro com cobertura tipo sombrite de 50% de luminosidade e canteiro com cobertura plastica transparente de 100 micras), combinados com diferentes substratos (areia, solo, vivatto®, serragem, areia+solo, areia+solo+vivatto® e areia+solo+serragem). Apos a semeadura, avaliou-se a porcentagem de emergencia e o indice de velocidade de emergencia no intervalo de cinco dias, quando, ao final dos 50 dias, avaliou-se o comprimento da parte aerea, o numero de folhas, a area foliar, o comprimento do sistema radicular, o diâmetro do caule, a massa seca da parte aerea e do sistema radicular. Observou-se que maior porcentagem de emergencia, IVE e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de cupuacuzeiro sao obtidos ao se utilizar substrato constituido por areia+solo+serragem. O ambiente com sombreamento de 50% de luminosidade proporciona maior porcentagem de emergencia, IVE, diâmetro do colo e massa seca do sistema radicular.