Showing papers by "Federal University of Roraima published in 2017"

d-Xylose fermentation, xylitol production and xylanase activities by seven new species of Sugiyamaella

Abstract: Sixteen yeast isolates identified as belonging to the genus Sugiyamaella were studied in relation to D-xylose fermentation, xylitol production, and xylanase activities. The yeasts were recovered from rotting wood and sugarcane bagasse samples in different Brazilian regions. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domains of large subunit rRNA gene showed that these isolates belong to seven new species. The species are described here as Sugiyamaella ayubii f.a., sp. nov. (UFMG-CM-Y607T = CBS 14108T), Sugiyamaella bahiana f.a., sp. nov. (UFMG-CM-Y304T = CBS 13474T), Sugiyamaella bonitensis f.a., sp. nov. (UFMG-CM-Y608T = CBS 14270T), Sugiyamaella carassensis f.a., sp. nov. (UFMG-CM-Y606T = CBS 14107T), Sugiyamaella ligni f.a., sp. nov. (UFMG-CM-Y295T = CBS 13482T), Sugiyamaella valenteae f.a., sp. nov. (UFMG-CM-Y609T = CBS 14109T) and Sugiyamaella xylolytica f.a., sp. nov. (UFMG-CM-Y348T = CBS 13493T). Strains of the described species S. boreocaroliniensis, S. lignohabitans, S. novakii and S. xylanicola, isolated from rotting wood of Brazilian ecosystems, were also compared for traits relevant to xylose metabolism. S. valenteae sp. nov., S. xylolytica sp. nov., S. bahiana sp. nov., S. bonitensis sp. nov., S. boreocarolinensis, S. lignohabitans and S. xylanicola were able to ferment d-xylose to ethanol. Xylitol production was observed for all Sugiyamaella species studied, except for S. ayubii sp. nov. All species studied showed xylanolytic activity, with S. xylanicola, S. lignohabitans and S. valenteae sp. nov. having the highest values. Our results suggest these Sugiyamaella species have good potential for biotechnological applications.

Factors controlling leaf litter breakdown in Amazonian streams

Abstract: Our objective was to assess the relative importance of leaf litter quality, and the microbial and aquatic invertebrate communities involved in leaf litter breakdown in Amazonian streams. We test the hypothesis that leaf litter quality is the driving force of leaf breakdown rates, rather than the microbial or invertebrate community, independent of stream characteristics. We incubated 3 g of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EC), Baccharis platypoda, Symphonia globulifera, Mabea speciosa (MS), and Eperua duckeana (ED) leaves in five streams for 75, 56, 46, 26, 14, or 7 days. In all of the streams, leaf litter breakdown was higher for EC and lower in ED. This result may be related to different chemical characteristics among the five studied species. We observed higher frequency of shredders in MS and stream 4, and scrapers in streams 1 and 2. The concentration of ergosterol was higher in MS and lower in EC when adenosine triphosphate differed significantly among streams. Our data indicated that leaf litter quality (chemical and structural components) is a main factor affecting leaf breakdown in Amazonian streams.

Tamanho da semente e substratos na produção de mudas de açaí

Abstract: O acaizeiro e uma palmeira com elevado potencial comercial principalmente pela polpa do fruto que possui propriedades quimicas beneficas a saude humana. Visando atender essa demanda do mercado os produtores precisam investir em mudas de qualidade, sendo necessario expandir as pesquisas nesta area. Neste trabalho objetivou-se estudar o efeito de diferentes tamanhos de sementes e substratos no desenvolvimento de mudas de Euterpe oleracea Mart. O estudo foi realizado em viveiro telado com sombrite (50% de sombra) a temperatura ambiente. Foram estudados dois fatores: tamanho da semente (pequena, media e grande) e dois tipos de substratos (solo natural e composto orgânico). Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 3x2 (tamanho das sementes x substratos), com quatro repeticoes de 20 plantas. Foram realizadas analises dos parâmetros de crescimento das plantas aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 e 210 dias apos o plantio (DAP). Os parâmetros biometricos e a qualidade de mudas de Euterpe oleracea sao influenciados pelo substrato e tamanho da semente. No substrato orgânico sao obtidos maiores valores medios para altura das plantas e diâmetro do colo, quando utilizadas sementes grandes. As sementes grandes produzem plantas mais vigorosas independendo do substrato. A utilizacao do substrato orgânico proporciona mudas Euterpe oleracea com maior indice de qualidade.

POST-ACIDIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTHOCYANINS STABILITY AND ANTIOXIDAN ACTIVITY IN AÇAI FERMENTED MILK AND YOGURTS (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)

Abstract: – This study evaluated the post-acidification, stability of anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in acai yogurts and fermented milks for 28 days of cold storage. For the determination of post-acidification and stability of the functional properties of acai yogurt (IA) and fermented milks (LFA), products stored at 4°C were evaluated on day 0 and every 7 days for pH, titratable acidity in lactic acid, instrumental color, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical method. Acidification of both food matrixes was more evident between days 0 and 7 of evaluation. IA presented reduction in parameter L *, while chromaticity a * and b * of IA and LFA increased as the Acai pulp content increased; however, considering the evaluation period, it was found increase in L * and b * relating to anthocyanin degradation. Anthocyanins, as well as the antioxidant activity of IA and LFA, showed an increase in their values as the pulp content increased, but their concentrations reduced at the end of the storage period. IA and LFA can be considered excellent sources of antioxidants, being alternative to individuals not used to the consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Antecipação e retardamento de colheita nos teores de óleo e proteína das sementes de soja, cultivar Valiosa RR

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality and oil and protein content of soybean seeds harvested in different stages of plant development and different periods of harvest delay. The cultivar studied was BRS Valiosa RR and the experimental design was of randomized blocks with three replications. Eleven treatments were established, constituting different times of harvest in the following stages: R5,1, R5,3, R5,5, R6, R7,1, R7,3, R8,1, R9, R9+10days, R9+20 days and R9+30 days. The anticipation of the harvest was made possible through the application in predetermined stages, of herbicide Diquat (400 g ha-1) with manual coastal spray with nozzle "type fan" set to volume of 300 L ha-1. After the harvest it was done the evaluation of physiological quality of seeds and the determination of the levels of oil and protein. It was noted that the stadium R7.1 was the harvest season that showed the highest percentage in the germination test, demonstrating that the anticipation of the harvest did not caused significant loss in seed vigor. At the grain filling stage, oil levels were lower and protein larger. Both stabilized from R7.1 to the R9 stadium and showed downward trend with the harvest delay.

Factors related to non-adherence to mammography in a city of the Brazilian Amazonian area: A population-based study

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of mammography use and factors related to non-adherence in Boa Vista, capital of Roraima, Brazil. METHOD A cross sectional study, quantitative analysis, based on household survey was performed between June and August 2013, using a face-to-face interview with a pre-tested form. Target population was women between 40 and 69 years. The sample size target was 240 participants, and the sampling method was random cluster sampling. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Federal University of Roraima. RESULTS 241 women were included without refusals. The prevalence of non-use of mammography in the past two years was 55.6% (95CI 49.1-61.9). In univariate analysis, the risk factors for non-adherence to mammography were having low educational level, family income below three minimum wages, receiving government assistance, not having consulted with a doctor and no health insurance. In multivariate analysis, only low educational level and receiving government assistance remained as risk factors. Medical consultation or health worker visiting were protective factors. CONCLUSION Adherence to mammography is unsatisfactory in Boa Vista, Roraima, and has a predominantly opportunistic character. Low educational level is confirmed as an independent risk factor, but belonging to a family that receives government assistance can be interpreted as a social marker of families and/or areas lacking of government intervention to increase access to breast cancer control programs.

Ensino da avaliação psicológica no norte brasileiro: analisando as ementas das disciplinas

Abstract: O presente estudo objetivou analisar as ementas das disciplinas em Avaliacao Psicologica (AP) de cursos de graduacao do Norte brasileiro. Inicialmente, identificaram-se 36 cursos de Psicologia nesta regiao, sendo que 28 disponibilizaram informacoes sobre suas respectivas matrizes curriculares, observando-se a pluralidade de denominacoes no campo da AP. Ademais, verificou-se que os cursos de graduacao ofertam, em media, 3,82 disciplinas nesta area, sendo que o contato inicial se da a partir do segundo ano do curso. Com relacao ao conteudo das ementas, apenas seis instituicoes a disponibilizaram, sendo tais informacoes analisadas com o software Iramuteq. Os resultados indicaram, principalmente, um processo de formacao de carater tecnicista voltado ao psicodiagnostico, destacando a aplicacao e interpretacao de instrumental psicologico com enfoque em construtos da inteligencia e personalidade. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de esforcos para alinhar o ensino da avaliacao psicologica no Norte as diretrizes desta area no Brasil.

Effect of Harvest Time and Nitrogen Doses on Cassava Root Yield and Quality

Abstract: Nitrogen is considered the most limiting nutrient for cassava, and N availability can influence the crop cycle, including earlier harvest. The aim of this study was to study the effect of harvest time on the production components of cassava, “Aciolina” cultivar, at different rates of N fertiliser. The experiment was carried out in an area newly incorporated into the productive system in a savannah ecosystem in the northern Amazon. A randomised block experimental design was used in a split [...]

Influência do estádio de maturação na qualidade físico-química de frutos de umbu (Spondias tuberosa)

Abstract: Harvesting at suitable maturation stages is determinant in maintaining post-harvest quality of umbu fruit. In this sense, the aim of this work was to determine the influence of the maturation stage on the physical-chemical quality of umbu fruits from the brazilian northeast. The experiment was conducted at the Food Technology Laboratory of the Agrarian Sciences Center of the Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with ten replicates and one fruit per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of three maturation stages of the fruits: green, once and ripe. The physical characteristics evaluated were: fruit length, fruit diameter, seed mass, bark mass, pulp mass, total mass and pulp yield. The determination of the chemical quality was evaluated: pH, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and soluble solids / titratable acidity ratio. It was concluded that the stages of maturation of umbu fruits exert different response capacities regarding their biometry. Fruits of umbu in the green stage have higher mass and consequently higher yield of pulp. The fruit quality of umbu is not influenced by the different maturation stages of the fruits.

HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance among individuals from Roraima state, northern Brazil

Abstract: The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil has spread towards the Northern country region, but little is known about HIV-1 subtypes and prevalence of HIV strains with resistance mutations to antiretrovirals in some of the Northern states. HIV-1 protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences were obtained from 73 treatment-naive and -experienced subjects followed between 2013 and 2014 at a public health reference unit from Roraima, the northernmost Brazilian state. The most prevalent HIV-1 clade observed in the study population was the subtype B (91%), followed by subtype C (9%). Among 12 HIV-1 strains from treatment-naive patients, only one had a transmitted drug resistance mutation for NNRTI. Among 59 treatment-experienced patients, 12 (20%) harbored HIV-1 strains with acquired drug resistance mutations (ADRM) that reduce the susceptibility to two classes of antiretroviral drugs (NRTI and NNRTI or NRTI and PI), and five (8%) harbored HIV-1 strains with ADRM that reduced susceptibility to only one class of antiretroviral drugs (NNRTI or PI). No patients harboring HIV strains with reduced susceptibility to all three classes of antiretroviral drugs were detected. A substantial fraction of treatment-experienced patients with (63%) and without (70%) ADRM had undetectable plasma viral loads (<40 copies/ml) at the time of sampling. Among treatment-experienced with plasma viral loads above 2,000 copies/ml, 44% displayed no ADRM. This data showed that the HIV-1 epidemic in Roraima displayed a much lower level of genetic diversity and a lower prevalence of ADRM than that described in other Brazilian states.

Outer cell wall structure and the secretion mechanism of colleters of Bathysa nicholsonii K. Schum. (Rubiaceae)

Abstract: Secretory structures are formed by many types of plants and are present on numerous different organs. Among the many types of known secretory structures, colleters are predominant on plants of the Rubiaceae. One remarkable characteristic of secretory tissues is the export of exudates; however, the precise mechanism involved in this process is still unclear. To better understand the mechanisms of exudate externalization it is necessary to understand the ultrastructure and dynamics of the outer cell wall of the secretory structures during the secretory process, and so we investigated these aspects of the colleters of Bathysa nicholsonii. The outer cell wall (OCW) exhibits multiple layers: a basal polysaccharide rich layer; a cuticular membrane, which is subdivided into arborescent and reticulated layers; and a thin cuticle proper. The structural organization of the OCW is changed during secretion passage, which is mainly related to the development of a secretion accumulation site on the polysaccharide rich layer. Secretion dynamics is driven by the organization and disruption of the secretion accumulation site. The results show that the OCW of the colleters of B. nicholsonii is a dynamic structure with an active role in secretion externalization via constant structural reorganization directly related to secretion passage.

Os fluxos migratórios mistos e os entraves à proteção aos refugiados

Abstract: The paper discusses mixed migration flows considering its impacts on the requests of refugee status recognition, its legal framework in the transit and destination countries and, specially, the protection to refugees. The National States have, invariably, been treating international migration in a general way, disregarding specific and individuals elements that have motivated them. The consequence of this modus operandi is that many refugee applicants, who use the same mechanisms and routes as the so-called voluntary migrants, have disadvantages in the access to the right of recognition of their requests. Such reality have affected the debates on migratory flows in both the academy and in the refugee protection and advocacy bodies, such is the case of UNHCR and the American System developed after the Cartagena Declaration. Accordingly, based on documents from the international organizations and in the debates carried out in the Academia, the paper will analyze the mixed flows and the way these questions concerning the topic have been debated in the international arena, presenting good practices and solutions that can assure to the refugees the protection to which they are entitled.

Symbiotic effectiveness of Bradyrhizobium ingae in promoting growth of Inga edulis Mart. seedlings

Abstract: Inga edulis Mart. is a leguminous tree adapted to acidic and low-fertility soils that establishes symbioses with nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria. The identification of effective bacteria in biological N fixation may bolster the use of I. edulis in degraded or modified areas and agroforestry systems. Therefore, the aims of this study were evaluation of the symbiotic effectiveness of eight strains of the Bradyrhizobium genus native to Roraima in Inga edulis plants, and in vitro evaluation of the ability of the [...]

Stem conduction systems effect on the production and quality of mini tomato under organic management

Abstract: This research evaluated the influence of stem conduction types on the production and physicochemical characteristics of tomato fruits (hybrid Coco, mini type) under organic management. The experiment was conducted between August 2013 and January 2014. The treatments consisted of 4 different conduction systems: 2 traditional stems; 2 stems emerging from axillary cotyledon buds (“bottom stem”); 3 “traditional” stems and 4 stems emerging from tip pruning. Eleven harvests were conducted from 22nd November 2013 to 31st January 2014. Data collected included fruit number per plant, yields (g∙plant−1), fruit physicochemical characteristics, average weight, fruit diameter, pH, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), SS/TA ratio, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Stem conduction types did not affect fruit yields per plant (g∙plant−1). However, the greater number of stems resulted in more fruits per plant, but the fruit produced had a smaller diameter and average weight. The treatments with more stems also showed higher fruit lycopene levels, TA, and reducing sugars. Thus, under similar growing conditions, it may be recommended that organic mini tomatoes be pruned with 3 or 4 stems to increase the number of fruits per plant.

Physiological quality of cowpea seeds for different periods of storage

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological quality in the seeds of four cowpea cultivars during nine months of storage. The cowpea cultivars used were BRS Mazagao, UFRR Grao Verde, Pretinho Precoce 1 and BRS Guariba, produced intercropped with cassava in the experimental area of the Centre for Agrarian Science of the Federal University of Roraima, in Boa Vista. After harvest, the seeds were dried, hand cleaned, placed in PET bottles and stored for nine months at a temperature of 23 oC and a relative humidity of 60% at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of Embrapa Roraima. Data analysis was carried out in a completely randomised design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with eight replications. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated at the start of storage, and after 3, 6 and 9 months, for germination, first germination count, 1000-seed weight, moisture, electrical conductivity, speed of emergence, seedling field emergence and water gain. Physiological quality in the seeds of BRS Guariba is influenced by the storage period. Irrespective of storage period, seeds of the Mazagao cultivar show superior physiological quality in relation to the other cultivars. Seeds of the BRS Guariba and Grao Verde cultivars show a reduction in physiological quality after three months of storage.

Chemical Composition and Evaluation Preliminary of Antileishmanial Activity in vitro of Essential Oil from Leaves of Eugenia pitanga, A Native Species of Southern of Brazil

Abstract: Eugenia pitanga (O.Berg) Nied., Myrtaceae, popularly known as pitanga-do-campo, is a species native from Pampa biome, in southern of Brazil and is popularly used as antidiarrheal, anti-rheumatic, stimulant and febrifuge. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of essential oil from fresh leaves of Eugenia pitanga (O.Berg) Nied. Preliminaries data about antileishmanial activity in vitro of essential oil against promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis are presented. The method to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil from fresh leaves of E. pitanga (EoEp) was gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. EoEp was assayed in vitro for antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. The EoEp comprised 57 components and was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (72.97 %) with spathulenol (15.34 %), globulol (10.93 %) and (2E,6E) methyl farnesoate (7.40 %) as the major constituents. EoEp was effective against L. amazonensis promastigotes with ...

Chromosomal mapping of repetitive sequences (Rex3, Rex6, and rDNA genes) in hybrids between Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) and Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887).

Abstract: Some species of Characiformes are known for their high economic value, such as Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus mesopotamicus, and are used in aquaculture programs to generate hybrid tambacu (interbreeding of C. macropomum females and P. mesopotamicus males). The present work aimed to investigate the location of the Rex3 and Rex6 transposable elements in the hybrid and in the species, in addition to checking the genomic organization of the 18S and 5S rDNA in tambacu. The diploid number found for the hybrid was equal to 54 chromosomes, with heterochromatic blocks distributed mainly in the centromeric portions. The chromosomal location of the mobile elements Rex3 and Rex6 in C. macropomum, P. mesopotamicus, and in the hybrid between these species enabled knowledge expansion and the generation of data on such mobile elements. In addition, the location of such elements is not related to the distribution of ribosomal DNA sites. The mapping of the 18S rDNA was shown to be effective in cytogenetic identification of the hybrid tambacu, allowing for differentiation from the parent species and from the hybrid between C. macropomum and the other species from Piaractus (P. brachypomus).

Crescimento inicial do feijão-caupi após aplicação de herbicidas em pós-emergência

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea, BSR Arace, to different herbicides applied in the post-emergence period, in the initial phase of plant growth. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The treatments evaluated were: haloxyfop (60 g ha -1 ), lactofen (180 g ha -1 ), chlorimuron-ethyl (17,5 g ha -1 ), bentazon (576 g ha -1 ), bentazon + imazamox (600 + 28 g ha -1 ), imazethapyr (100 g ha -1 ), fomesafen (250 g ha -1 ), quizalofop-P-ethyl (62,5 g ha -1 ), lactofen + quizalofop-P-ethyl (180 + 62,5 g ha -1 ), fomesafen + quizalofop-P-ethyl (250 + 62,5 g ha -1 ) and a control. Were realized visual evaluations of intoxication, plant height, dry leaf mass, stem, root, total dry mass and leaf area. The herbicides haloxyfop and quizalofop-P-ethyl they caused minor damage to the development of cowpea plants. The chlorimuron-ethyl caused severe damage to the crop, interrupting their growth. The lactofen + quizalofop-P-ethyl and fomesafen + quizalofop-P-ethyl mixtures caused high damage to the culture, with lactofen + quizalofop-P-ethyl causing the plants to die at 21 DAAH. It was concluded that cowpea, cv. BRS Arace, have tolerance to haloxyfop and quizalofop-P-ethyl herbicides, and moderate tolerance to imazethapyr and bentazon + imazamox. The lactofen + quizalofop-P-ethyl and fomesafen + quizalofop-P-ethyl mixtures showed a synergistic effect on bean cowpea. The lactofen + quizalofop-P-ethyl mixture and the chlorimuron-ethyl herbicide cause irreversible damage to the bean cowpea crop.

Influência do tamanho da semente na germinação e vigor de plântulas de populações de Camu-Camu

Abstract: Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) is a fruit species native to the Amazon and its economic importance is proven because the fruit contains high content of ascorbic acid. The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination and vigor of seedlings obtained from seeds of different sizes of two camu-camu populations. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme of 2 x 3 (two provenances river Anaua and river Urubu and three seed sizes, small, medium and large) with 5 replicates of 20 seeds per plot. The seeds of the origin of the Anaua river presented higher mass (1.46 g) compared to the origin of the Urubu river (0.78 g). The speed and emergence of seed germination presented better values for the population of the Anaua river, justifying the adoption of choice of origin for the formation of seedlings. For root length, dry shoot mass and dry mass of the root system, the seeds classified as medium and large originated from the Anaua river presented higher values. The size of the seeds is an important character to be used in the production of Myrciaria dubia seedlings. The seeds of the origin of the Anaua river are potentially more vigorous are indicate for the production of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) seedlings.

Effects of All-Electron Basis Sets and the Scalar Relativistic Corrections in the Structure and Electronic Properties of Niobium Clusters

Abstract: In this paper, an augmented all-electron double-ζ basis set is used in calculations of the structure and electronic properties of small niobium clusters. The B3PW91 and M06 DFT functionals with and without second order Douglas–Kroll–Hess (DKH) scalar relativistic corrections are also utilized. Furthermore, an additional d Gaussian type function is introduced in the standard basis sets in order to improve the description of the clusters orbitals in the valence band. Our findings show that the extra d function is important to yield accurate results of electronic properties and, in addition, the DKH corrections can be relevant when the all-electron basis sets are used in the calculations. Our best results are obtained with the M06 functional together with the DKH second order corrections and with the extra d function added to the all-electron basis set.

Qualidade química e biológica do solo em diferentes sistemas de uso em ambiente de savana

Abstract: A preocupacao ambiental tem levado a comunidade agricola a buscar manejos que visam a manutencao ou melhoria da qualidade dos solos agricolas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade do solo (QS), por meio de atributos quimicos e microbiologicos, submetido a diferentes sistemas de uso, sendo: pomar de coqueiros (CO), cultivo de cana-de-acucar (CA), cultivo em consorcio de mandioca, milho e feijao-caupi (MMF), florestamento com sabia (FS) e, como referencia, a savana natural (SN). Em cada sistema, foram abertas quatro minitrincheiras e coletadas amostras de solos nas profundidades de 0,0 - 0,05 m, 0,05 – 0,10 m, 0,10 – 0,20 m e 0,20 – 0,40 m. Avaliaram-se nas amostras caracteristicas quimicas e microbiologicas. Observando que as formas de uso do solo proporcionaram melhoria da fertilidade do solo e do teor de MOS, quando comparados com as condicoes naturais de savana, sendo essas alteracoes mais evidentes nas camadas de 0,00 –0,05 e 0,05 – 0,10 m, com destaque para o cultivo em consorcio MMF. Os sistemas de manejos CA e MMF mostraram-se eficientes no aporte de MOS, podendo vir a ser usados como forma de incremento de MO nos solos de savana em Roraima. Os sistemas MMF, CA e FS apresentaram aumento do C-BMS, com maior evidencia nas primeiras camadas (0,0-0,05 e 0,05-0,10 m). As formas de uso do solo proporcionaram, em alguma medida, melhoria da fertilidade do solo e do teor de MOS, quando comparados com as condicoes naturais da savana.

Hydrogels in Brazilian Agriculture

Abstract: The rational use of water is essentual as it is a finite resource. Consequerntly, studies of methids that minimize water use water are essential. As a result, agricultural hydrogels have been extensively tested in as a means of promoting agriculture improvements because of their water- and nutriente-retention characteristics. However, even though hydrogels are used in several sectors of Brazilian agriculture, there are still very few studies on their applications, the best methods and the quantities to be used. Consequently, there is a need for research into the applicability of this technology in Brazil, so that future research needs can be identified and appropriate decisions made at the production level. Therefore, the aim of this study was to collate currently available information on the applicability of agricultural hydrogels in Brazilian agriculture. Over the last decade, forestry is the sector in Brazil that has most studied and used hydrogels, but others such as fruit- and coffeegrowing have also been involved. The method of applying the polymer in granules directly mixed-in with growth substrates is the most used in the production of seedlings. However, use of hydrated gel at planting sites has also been explored. While synthetic hydrogels are most commonly used, those made of natural materials have great potential due to the low preparation costs and their in-soil biodegradability. The quantities of hydrogel used vary according to the target species, application method and objective.

Characterization of epididymal sperm from Spix's yellow‐toothed cavies (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) recovered by different methods

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize the epididymal sperm of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) through two different recovery methods Nine sexually mature males were euthanized and the complexes, testes–epididymis, were dissected For each animal, one epididymis was processed by flotation method and the other was processed by retrograde flushing method, both using a TES-based buffered media After recovery, we evaluated the sperm for motility, vigour, viability, functional membrane integrity and morphology Morphometric data from the different sperm regions were evaluated by using an appropriate software After recovery, both methods provide similar values for all the sperm parameters, aiming the recovery of more than 300 × 106 sperm, presenting >50% motile sperm, with normal morphology and functional membrane The total sperm length in this sperm was 4887 ± 01, and the sperm head presented 94%, on average A notable characteristic was the prominent acrosome found in the G spixii sperm In conclusion, we demonstrate that either flotation or retrograde flushing methods are suitable for the recovery of sperm from cauda epididymis of Spix's yellow-toothed cavies

Phosphorus adsorption in soils under forest and savanna from Northern Amazon, Brazil

Abstract: Estudos sobre capacidade maxima de adsorcao de fosforo (CMAP) em solos de Roraima e atributos que interferem na magnitude dessa caracteristica sao relevantes e motivaram esse trabalho. Nesse contexto, amostras da camada superficial (0-0,20 m) de quatro classes de solos: Latossolo Amarelo - LA e Latossolo Vermelho - LV (ITA, Caracarai); Latossolo Amarelo - LA (Serra da Prata, Mucajai); Latossolo Amarelo - LA e Argissolo Amarelo - PA (CCA, Boa Vista-RR); Plintossolo Argiluvico – FT (Bonfim) e Planossolo Natrico - SN (Surumu, Pacaraima) representativos do estado de Roraima, foram utilizadas no presente trabalho, com a finalidade de determinar a influencia de atributos fisicos, quimicos e da mineralogia dos solos sobre a CMAP. Amostras de 2,5 g de TFSA (terra fina seca ao ar) foram mantidas em contato com solucoes de CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 (25 mL), mediante agitacao por 24 h, as quais foram adicionados fosforo (P), na forma de KH2PO4, nas concentracoes de 0-60, 0-80 e 0-110 mg L-1. O P foi analisado no sobrenadante para a determinacao da quantidade adsorvida (P-rem). Para avaliar a capacidade maxima de adsorcao de fosforo (CMAP), os valores de adsorcao foram ajustados a isoterma de Langmuir. Foram realizados testes de correlacao entre CMAP e energia de ligacao, pH, materia orgânica, argila e CTC. Os valores da CMAP situaram-se entre 14,50 e 527,93 mg kg-1 de P no solo. Os solos FT (Bonfim) e LV (ITA) apresentaram maior CMAP. Considerando as classes de solos representativas do Estado, a CMAP nao se correlaciona com nenhum dos atributos avaliados. Nas classes Latossolo e Argissolo, a CMAP tem correlacao negativa e significativa com a energia de ligacao.

Cyberlindnera tropicalis f.a., sp. nov., a novel yeast isolated from tropical regions.

Abstract: Two yeast strains, DMKU-WBBC14 and UFMG-CM-Y3283, were isolated from soil in Samutprakarn province in the central part of Thailand and from rotting wood in an Amazonian forest site in the Roraima State in Brazil, respectively. The two strains showed identical sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and different sequences by three nucleotide substitutions of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Therefore, these two strains represented a single species which was most closely related to Cyberlindnera mengyuniae CBS 10845T. The nucleotide sequence differences between the two strains of the novel species and the type strain Cyberlindnera mengyuniae CBS 10845T were 10 substitutions in the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene and 46 substitutions in the ITS region. DMKU-WBBC14 and UFMG-CM-Y3283 differed in growth temperature profiles. Moreover, they also exhibited different carbon assimilation profiles and growth temperature profiles from the type strain of Cyberlindnera mengyuniae, CBS 10845T. The name Cyberlindnera tropicalis f.a., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DMKU-WBBC14T (=CBS 14558T=TBRC 6562T). The Mycobank number is MB 819722.

Empregabilidade Profissional: O Secretariado Executivo em Foco na Amazônia Setentrional

Abstract: This article aims to determine the difficulties encountered by the Executive Secretary of professionals concerning their integration in the labor market in the city of Boa Vista, Roraima, in the northern Amazon. Therefore, it was a qualitative study, with in-depth interviews with professionals from the Executive Secretary and Human Resources managers. After data analysis, it was found that the insertion difficulties in the labor market for these professionals are: shortage of jobs in the private sector in Roraima; low pay to the profession; lack of recognition and lack the powers of managers, which indicate the versatility and employability security for Executive Secretariat professionals. Seeing a gap is seen in two views as to the professionals of the Executive Secretariat, only the versatility is not employment guarantee.

Similaridade entre Adultos e Regenerantes do Componente Arbóreo em Floresta com Araucária

Abstract: RESUMO O estudo objetivou inventariar o componente arboreo regenerante em uma floresta no Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina e compara-lo ao componente adulto da mesma area. Foram alocadas 25 parcelas, onde os regenerantes e adultos foram identificados e quantificados. Foi calculado o Indice de Regeneracao Natural Total (RNT) de cada especie. Para verificar a similaridade entre os componentes, foi utilizada a Analise de Similaridade e o indice de Jaccard. Foram amostrados 503 regenerantes, pertencentes a 58 especies e 29 familias. Myrtaceae foi a familia de maior riqueza (13). Leandra regnelli (Triana) Cogn., Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. e Miconia cinerascens Miq. apresentaram os maiores valores de RNT. Houve elevada dissimilaridade entre regenerantes e adultos, sendo que 37,5% das especies do componente adulto nao tiveram representantes na regeneracao natural. Conclui-se que existe uma baixa capacidade regenerativa da maior parte das especies, o que pode estar associado a presenca de gado na area.

Comprender los rituales ganaderos en los Andes y más allá: Etnografías de lidias, herranzas y arrierías

Abstract: RIVERA ANDIA, Juan Javier (Editor). Comprender los rituales ganaderos en los Andes y mas alla. Etnografias de lidias, herranzas y arrierias. Aachen: Bonner Amerikanistische Studien, 2014, 500 p.