Federal University of Roraima

About: Federal University of Roraima is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Thermogravimetry. The organization has 981 authors who have published 1218 publications receiving 7849 citations. The organization is also known as: Federal University of Roraima.

A global analysis of ecological and evolutionary drivers of the use of wild mammals in traditional medicine

Abstract: Ingredients derived from wild mammals are widely used in traditional remedies. Large datasets of traits, geographic ranges, and phylogeny are also available for mammals. Therefore, mammals are an ideal group in which to explore the ecological (e.g. range size, body mass) and evolutionary (i.e. shared ancestry) correlates of the use of animal‐derived products in traditional medicine. In a global analysis of correlates of the use of wild mammals in traditional medicine, we tested how life‐history traits relate to the use of mammal products to treat disease. We compiled data from the primary literature about folk remedies based on mammals via a literature search using ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Then, we used modern phylogenetic comparative methods to estimate phylogenetic signals in the diseases that mammal body parts are used to treat and to test whether geographic range size and body mass are related to medicinal use. We tested whether mammalian species that are used more in medicine are also those that are more threatened by extinction. Our results show that 521 mammalian species are used to source products to treat 371 ailments. We found support for the hypothesis that phylogenetic relatedness correlates with the use of mammal‐derived remedies in traditional medicines. Specifically, we confirm our hypotheses that closely related species are more similar in terms of their perceived medical versatility than distantly related species and are used to treat similar diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrated that large marsupials are more versatile and are used to treat more diseases than smaller marsupials. In our database, 155 mammalian species are considered threatened (Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered), and a further 46 are Near Threatened, suggesting that overexploitation for medicinal use could be an overlooked source of threat that should be considered in mammal species conservation assessments. We demonstrate that phylogenetic relatedness correlates with the use of mammalian species as remedies in traditional medicine, and urge future researchers to evaluate the negative effects of overexploitation of mammals for medical purposes. Such overexploitation could cause non‐random extinction patterns in the mammalian tree of life.

Influence of silicon and in vitro culture systems on the micropropagation and acclimatization of “Dwarf Cavendish” banana

Abstract: . In vitro culture systems based on liquid culture media are considered to be more effective than semisolid culture medium systems. Liquid culture media systems provide better nutrient availability for plant tissues, easier culture handling, and the potential for scaling up and automation. However, in vitro liquid culture requires more careful handling due to the potential for contamination and the possibility of negative effects, such as hyperhydricity or vitrification, that hinder the growth and development of the plant material. Temporary immersion bioreactors have emerged as a workable alternative for capturing the benefits of liquid media, though semisolid systems are still traditional. Many studies have shown that silicon (Si) is a beneficial plant nutrient. Silicon might have a positive effect in both semisolid and liquid in vitro systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicon on the micropropagation and acclimatization of banana plants cultivated in vitro by comparing liquid temporary immersion bioreactor technology and semisolid traditional culture systems. Different silicon concentrations (0 and 1 mL L-1) and culture systems (liquid temporary immersion bioreactor and semisolid traditional culture) were evaluated over a 36-day period. The growth characteristics plant size, fresh and dry weight, and number and length of leaves and roots were evaluated. After the 36-day in vitro growth period, plants were transferred to a greenhouse for acclimatization and were evaluated after 30 days for the same growth characteristics used in the in vitro studies. The temporary immersion bioreactor system resulted in greater growth of banana plants compared to the traditional semisolid system. Temporary immersion bioreactors also showed a positive interaction with Si and resulted in higher values for all growth characteristics in the acclimatization phase.

Conhecimento de tutores de cães sobre tumor de mama em cadelas

Abstract: Os tumores mamarios (TM) sao frequentes na especie canina, sendo que a etiologia pode estar relacionada a diversos fatores, sendo o mais importante o fator hormonal. Devido a isso, a castracao precoce e a principal forma de se prevenir a doenca em cadelas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de entrevistar tutores de caes na cidade de Teresina, a respeito do tumor de mama em cadelas. Foram abordadas 420 pessoas na cidade e observou-se que a maioria das pessoas nao leva seu animal regularmente ao veterinario. Tal conduta diminui a possibilidade de diagnostico precoce, fundamental em TM de cadelas. A maioria das pessoas respondeu que nao castraria seu animal, demonstrando que nao estao dispostos a adotar condutas importantes na guarda responsavel. Dentre os que concordam com a castracao, a anticoncepcao foi apontada como principal motivo para muitos entrevistados. A maioria dos entrevistados (71,19%) nao sabia que cadelas podem ter TM e dentre as pessoas que afirmaram saber, a maioria nao sabia como prevenir a doenca. Apenas 8,24% das pessoas citaram a castracao antes do primeiro cio como conduta profilatica para TM em cadelas. Diante dos resultados obtidos, constata-se que os habitantes de Teresina nao possuem informacoes adequadas e suficientes a respeito de tumores mamarios em caes. Sugere-se a instituicao de campanhas educativas para diminuir a morbidade e mortalidade da enfermidade em cadelas.

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causes leaf blight on Sansevieria trifasciata in Brazil

Abstract: Sansevieria trifasciata plants showing symptoms of leaf blight were observed in Teresina City, Brazil. Based on morphology and the phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of the EF-1α and ITS regions, two isolates of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum were identified. Pathogenicity tests showed that the isolates caused leaf blight on S. trifasciata, in addition to Sansevieria cylindrica, and fulfilled Koch’s postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe N. dimidiatum on Sansevieria in Brazil.