Showing papers by "Federal University of São Carlos published in 2017"
University of Tehran1, Université de Montréal2, New Mexico State University3, Royal Botanic Gardens4, State University of Feira de Santana5, State University of Campinas6, University of the Western Cape7, Federal University of São Carlos8, University of Melbourne9, Federal University of Bahia10, National Taiwan University11, Australian National University12, Complutense University of Madrid13, National Autonomous University of Mexico14, Cornell University15, Université libre de Bruxelles16, National Museum of Natural History17, University of Oxford18, Sao Paulo State University19, Universidad de Morón20, Federal University of Western Bahia21, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh22, University of Reading23, University of Zurich24, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul25, Kyushu University26, University of South Africa27, Tarbiat Modares University28, Montana State University29, University of Johannesburg30, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro31, University of Angers32, National Science Foundation33, Missouri Botanical Garden34, National University of Rosario35, University of Arizona36, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte37, Universidade Federal de Goiás38, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária39, University of Dundee40, Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus41, Arizona State University42, University of Cape Town43, New York Botanical Garden44, Naturalis45, Heidelberg University46, Chinese Academy of Sciences47
TL;DR: The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long-known non-monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies and reflects the phylogenetic structure that is consistently resolved.
Abstract: The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long-known non-monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new classification uses as its framework the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of legumes to date, based on plastid matK gene sequences, and including near-complete sampling of genera (698 of the currently recognised 765 genera) and ca. 20% (3696) of known species. The matK gene region has been the most widely sequenced across the legumes, and in most legume lineages, this gene region is sufficiently variable to yield well-supported clades. This analysis resolves the same major clades as in other phylogenies of whole plastid and nuclear gene sets (with much sparser taxon sampling). Our analysis improves upon previous studies that have used large phylogenies of the Leguminosae for addressing evolutionary questions, because it maximises generic sampling and provides a phylogenetic tree that is based on a fully curated set of sequences that are vouchered and taxonomically validated. The phylogenetic trees obtained and the underlying data are available to browse and download, facilitating subsequent analyses that require evolutionary trees. Here we propose a new community-endorsed classification of the family that reflects the phylogenetic structure that is consistently resolved and recognises six subfamilies in Leguminosae: a recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae DC., Cercidoideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Detarioideae Burmeist., Dialioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Duparquetioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), and Papilionoideae DC. The traditionally recognised subfamily Mimosoideae is a distinct clade nested within the recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae and is referred to informally as the mimosoid clade pending a forthcoming formal tribal and/or cladebased classification of the new Caesalpinioideae. We provide a key for subfamily identification, descriptions with diagnostic charactertistics for the subfamilies, figures illustrating their floral and fruit diversity, and lists of genera by subfamily. This new classification of Leguminosae represents a consensus view of the international legume systematics community; it invokes both compromise and practicality of use.
697 citations
TL;DR: This review will cover both experiment and theory of chiral nanostructures starting with the origin and multiple components of mirror asymmetry of individual NPs and their assemblies, and shall consider four different types of chirality in nanostructure and related physical, chemical, and biological effects.
Abstract: The field of chiral inorganic nanostructures is rapidly expanding. It started from the observation of strong circular dichroism during the synthesis of individual nanoparticles (NPs) and their assemblies and expanded to sophisticated synthetic protocols involving nanostructures from metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and nanocarbons. Besides the well-established chirality transfer from bioorganic molecules, other methods to impart handedness to nanoscale matter specific to inorganic materials were discovered, including three-dimentional lithography, multiphoton chirality transfer, polarization effects in nanoscale assemblies, and others. Multiple chiral geometries were observed with characteristic scales from angstroms to microns. Uniquely high values of chiral anisotropy factors that spurred the development of the field and differentiate it from chiral structures studied before, are now well understood; they originate from strong resonances of incident electromagnetic waves with plasmonic and excitonic st...
564 citations
Utrecht University1, United States Department of Energy2, National Autonomous University of Mexico3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, University of Debrecen5, Leiden University6, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation7, University of Göttingen8, Maynooth University9, University of Seville10, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna11, Broad Institute12, Huazhong Agricultural University13, State University of Campinas14, International Sleep Products Association15, Université libre de Bruxelles16, University of Nottingham17, Aix-Marseille University18, Pasteur Institute19, King Abdulaziz University20, Institut national de la recherche agronomique21, University of Helsinki22, University of Amsterdam23, University of Ioannina24, University of St Andrews25, Saint Petersburg State University26, Spanish National Research Council27, Federal University of São Carlos28, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences29, Technical University of Berlin30, National Scientific and Technical Research Council31, Concordia University32, Kyungpook National University33, University of the Republic34, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology35, University of Sulaymaniyah36, University of Ljubljana37, Leibniz Association38, Stanford University39, Kansas State University40, Technical University of Denmark41, University of Wisconsin-Madison42, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory43, University of Jena44, University of São Paulo45, University of Kansas46, Imperial College London47, Université Paris-Saclay48, Vienna University of Technology49
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative genomics and experimental study of the aspergilli genus is presented, which allows for the first time a genus-wide view of the biological diversity of the Aspergillus and in many, but not all, cases linked genome differences to phenotype.
Abstract: Background: The fungal genus Aspergillus is of critical importance to humankind. Species include those with industrial applications, important pathogens of humans, animals and crops, a source of potent carcinogenic contaminants of food, and an important genetic model. The genome sequences of eight aspergilli have already been explored to investigate aspects of fungal biology, raising questions about evolution and specialization within this genus. Results: We have generated genome sequences for ten novel, highly diverse Aspergillus species and compared these in detail to sister and more distant genera. Comparative studies of key aspects of fungal biology, including primary and secondary metabolism, stress response, biomass degradation, and signal transduction, revealed both conservation and diversity among the species. Observed genomic differences were validated with experimental studies. This revealed several highlights, such as the potential for sex in asexual species, organic acid production genes being a key feature of black aspergilli, alternative approaches for degrading plant biomass, and indications for the genetic basis of stress response. A genome-wide phylogenetic analysis demonstrated in detail the relationship of the newly genome sequenced species with other aspergilli. Conclusions: Many aspects of biological differences between fungal species cannot be explained by current knowledge obtained from genome sequences. The comparative genomics and experimental study, presented here, allows for the first time a genus-wide view of the biological diversity of the aspergilli and in many, but not all, cases linked genome differences to phenotype. Insights gained could be exploited for biotechnological and medical applications of fungi.
349 citations
TL;DR: This text reviews the chronological development pathway of films based on fruit and vegetable purees, pomaces, and extracts with an emphasis on the role that each film component plays in the resulting materials, whose production methods are examined from a technical standpoint and essential properties are compiled and contrasted.
Abstract: Food packaging materials are traditionally expected to contain foodstuffs and protect them from deteriorating agents. Although petroleum-derived polymers have been widely used for this purpose, the rising concern with their nonrenewable and/or nonbiodegradable nature paves the route for the development of greener alternatives, including polysaccharides and polypeptides. The use of these food-grade biomacromolecules, in addition to fruits and vegetables, provides edible packaging with suitable physical-mechanical properties as well as unique sensory and nutritional characteristics. This text reviews the chronological development pathway of films based on fruit and vegetable purees, pomaces, and extracts. Recent advances are extensively reviewed with an emphasis on the role that each film component plays in the resulting materials, whose production methods are examined from a technical standpoint and essential properties are compiled and contrasted to their conventional, synthetic counterparts. Finally, this comprehensive review discusses advantages and limitations of edible films based on fruits and vegetables.
318 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make the case for the integration of the circular economy (CE) and large-scale data (LD), also known as big data, and introduce a new integrative framework to enhance the understanding of the CE-LD nexus.
282 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the GSCM pressures, practices, and performance observed in suppliers of a Brazilian automotive supply chain, using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) provided by SmartPLS software.
271 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modern, improved definition of glass is proposed, which states that glass is a nonequilibrium, non-crystalline state of matter that appears solid on a short time scale but continuously relaxes towards the liquid state.
Abstract: The objective of this communication is to clarify the meanings of solid and liquid, to dwell on the ultimate fate of glass in the limit of infinitely long time, and to propose a modern, improved definition of glass. We review the four characteristic states of matter related to vitrification: the stable equilibrium liquid (L), the metastable supercooled liquid (SCL), the unstable nonequilibrium glass (G), and the stable crystal (C). We also discuss some relevant terms and phenomena, including glass transition, crystallization, non-crystalline, amorphous, solid, and frozen. We review several previously published definitions of glass and finally propose an improved definition in two alternative forms. The first improved definition is: “Glass is a nonequilibrium , non-crystalline state of matter that appears solid on a short time scale but continuously relaxes towards the liquid state.” This is an intuitive description for the general public and young students. An alternative, more detailed definition to be understood and used by advanced students, researchers, and professors is: “Glass is a nonequilibrium , non-crystalline condensed state of matter that exhibits a glass transition. The structure of glasses is similar to that of their parent supercooled liquids (SCL) , and they spontaneously relax toward the SCL state. Their ultimate fate , in the limit of infinite time, is to crystallize.” This definition is for experts who understand the meaning of glass transition.
214 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline the representative progress in the last decade on the development of multifunctional hybrid electrospun nanofibers of varied morphology and composition, and their applications in chemical (bio)sensor platforms for analysis of food and agricultural products.
Abstract: Sensors and biosensors for monitoring food traceability, quality, safety, and nutritional value are of outmost importance nowadays. Electrospinning, a simple, straightforward and versatile technique to fabricate 1D micro- and nanomaterials, is among the most potential strategies to further advance the development of chemical (bio)sensors. Electrospun nanofibers are capable of improving several attributes of chemical (bio)sensors due to the high specific surface area, high porosity and 1-D confinement characteristics. Furthermore, the possibility to buildup multifunctional nanostructures by functionalizing the nanofiber surface with a wide range of distinct nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoparticles and conjugated polymers), enhances the (bio)sensing capabilities through additional properties and synergistic effects. In this review, we outline the representative progress in the last decade on the development of multifunctional hybrid electrospun nanofibers of varied morphology and composition, and their applications in chemical (bio)sensor platforms for analysis of food and agricultural products.
187 citations
TL;DR: A systematic review on scientific publications concerning decision support systems applied to Solid Waste Management using ICTs and OR in the period of 2010-2013 to help researchers and managers to gather insights on technologies/methods suitable for the SWM challenges they have at hand.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed several combinations of explosively welded alloys and concluded that the heating rate at the interfaces was of the order of 10 9 K/s, while the cooling rate achieved 10 7 K/S. The formation of different types of metastable phases is discussed with respect to the compositions of the welded materials.
168 citations
Federal University of Tocantins1, Sao Paulo State University2, Federal University of Paraná3, Universidade Estadual de Londrina4, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso5, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei6, Universidade Federal de Lavras7, Federal University of São Carlos8, Universidade Estadual de Maringá9
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors expose the situation and illustrate how national policies constitute the main threat to freshwater fish biodiversity and explain that the most devastating, pervasive and systemic threats are rooted in official policies, particularly unsustainable activities (e.g., hydropower, water diversion, mining, aquaculture, agriculture and fishing), poor management/conservation, and harmful legislation.
Abstract: Neotropical freshwater fishes are the most diverse on the planet (>5,500 species), although nations in Latin America have been negligent regarding their conservation National policies have historically encouraged unsustainable practices, and recent decades have witnessed a sharp increase in harmful activities Our aim with this review was to expose this situation and illustrate how national policies constitute the main threat to freshwater fish biodiversity We explain that the most devastating, pervasive and systemic threats are rooted in official policies, particularly unsustainable activities (eg hydropower, water diversion, mining, aquaculture, agriculture and fishing), poor management/conservation (eg fish stocking and passages) and harmful legislation (eg poor licensing, non-native species) We provide a broad portrait of the Neotropical scenario, where unsustainable policies have caused considerable damage to freshwater ecosystems, and focus on major examples from Brazil, where development projects have caused large-scale losses to fish biodiversity Such modus operandi of human development is incompatible with the persistence of biodiversity, and no simple solution is available to correct or minimize its effects The current situation demands a profound behavioural shift towards better practices and policies, or these multiple high-impact activities will continue eroding freshwater fish biodiversity and impairing essential ecosystem services
TL;DR: This review focuses on critical evaluation of analytical approaches for assay of milk adulteration, with emphasis on applications published after 2010 and alternatives for fast, environmentally friendly and in-situ detection of Milk adulterants.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the e-tongue system can be used as a rapid, simple and low cost alternative in the analyses of OPs pesticide solutions below the concentration range permitted by legislation of some countries.
TL;DR: Evaluated nanocomposites provided a controlled release of urea and increased the release of phosphorus from Hap in citric acid solution and had lower NH3 volatilization compared to a control.
Abstract: Developing efficient crop fertilization practices has become more and more important due to the ever-increasing global demand for food production. One approach to improving the efficiency of phosphate and urea fertilization is to improve their interaction through nanocomposites that are able to control the release of urea and P in the soil. Nanocomposites were produced from urea (Ur) or extruded thermoplastic starch/urea (TPSUr) blends as a matrix in which hydroxyapatite particles (Hap) were dispersed at ratios 50% and 20% Hap. Release tests and two incubation experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the role played by nanocomposites in controlling the availability of nitrogen and phosphate in the soil. Tests revealed an interaction between the fertilizer components and the morphological changes in the nanocomposites. TPSUr nanocomposites provided a controlled release of urea and increased the release of phosphorus from Hap in citric acid solution. The TPSUr nanocomposites also had lower NH3 volatilization compared to a control. The interaction resulting from dispersion of Hap within a urea matrix reduced the phosphorus adsorption and provided higher sustained P availability after 4 weeks of incubation in the soil.
TL;DR: Silver nanoparticles were biogenically synthesized using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and characterized, showing potential against S. sclerotiorum, inhibiting sclerotinia germination and mycelial growth.
Abstract: White mold is an agricultural disease caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which affects important crops. There are different ways of controlling this organism, but none provides inhibition of its resistance structures (sclerotia). Nanotechnology offers promising applications in agricultural area. Here, silver nanoparticles were biogenically synthesized using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and characterized. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated, and the nanoparticles were initially tested against white mold sclerotia. Their effects on soybean were also investigated with no effects observed. The nanoparticles showed potential against S. sclerotiorum, inhibiting sclerotia germination and mycelial growth. Nanoparticle characterization data indicated spherical morphology, satisfactory polydispersity and size distribution. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays showed that the nanoparticles caused both the effects, although, the most toxic concentrations were above those applied for white mold control. Given the potential of the nanoparticles against S. sclerotiorum, we conclude that this study presents a first step for a new alternative in white mold control.
TL;DR: This review article divides dental GCs into the following two groups: restorative and bioactive, and elaborate on the history, processing, properties and applications of RDGCs and BDGCs.
Abstract: The global market for dental materials is predicted to exceed 10 billion dollars by 2020. The main drivers for this growth are easing the workflow of dentists and increasing the comfort of patients. Therefore, remarkable research projects have been conducted and are currently underway to develop improved or new dental materials with enhanced properties or that can be processed using advanced technologies, such as CAD/CAM or 3D printing. Among these materials, zirconia, glass or polymer-infiltrated ceramics, and glass-ceramics (GCs) are of great importance. Dental glass-ceramics are highly attractive because they are easy to process and have outstanding esthetics, translucency, low thermal conductivity, high strength, chemical durability, biocompatibility, wear resistance, and hardness similar to that of natural teeth, and, in certain cases, these materials are bioactive. In this review article, we divide dental GCs into the following two groups: restorative and bioactive. Most restorative dental glass-ceramics (RDGCs) are inert and biocompatible and are used in the restoration and reconstruction of teeth. Bioactive dental glass-ceramics (BDGCs) display bone-bonding ability and stimulate positive biological reactions at the material/tissue interface. BDGCs are suggested for dentin hypersensitivity treatment, implant coating, bone regeneration and periodontal therapy. Throughout this paper, we elaborate on the history, processing, properties and applications of RDGCs and BDGCs. We also report on selected papers that address promising types of dental glass-ceramics. Finally, we include trends and guidance on relevant open issues and research possibilities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 619-639, 2017.
TL;DR: In this paper, an in-depth study of the chemical modifications, flow and thermo-oxidative degradation behavior as a function of the exposure time of ground tire rubbers to microwaves is presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, a sensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified within reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon black (CB) in a chitosan film (CTS) was presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, a sonochemical method based on surface charge-induced heteroaggregation was used to obtain a type-II heterostructure for photooxidation of the drug amiloride (AML) and rhodamine B dye (RhB).
Abstract: In this study, g-C 3 N 4 /Nb 2 O 5 heterostructures were successfully prepared by a sonochemical method based on surface charge-induced heteroaggregation. Under visible irradiation, the heterostructured g-C 3 N 4 /Nb 2 O 5 samples exhibited higher activity in the photooxidation of the drug amiloride (AML) and rhodamine B dye (RhB), compared to the pure g-C 3 N 4 and Nb 2 O 5 phases. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the heterostructures could be attributed to the effective formation of heterojunctions between the g-C 3 N 4 and Nb 2 O 5 semiconductors, causing the migration of photogenerated electrons and holes, hence increasing their lifetimes. Formation of the type-II heterostructure was confirmed by time-resolved photoluminescence, in which the 3CN:1Nb heterostructure showed the longest electron/hole pair lifetime. The 3CN:1Nb and 1CN:3Nb heterostructures exhibited high stability even after four cycles of reuse in RhB dye and drug AML oxidation, respectively. In summary, the combination of g-C 3 N 4 with Nb 2 O 5 to produce a type-II heterostructure is a good strategy to overcome important challenges in photocatalysis.
Sao Paulo State University1, National Institute of Amazonian Research2, Federal University of Paraná3, University of Tennessee4, George Mason University5, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei6, Universidade Estadual de Londrina7, Universidade Estadual de Maringá8, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro9, Universidade Federal de Lavras10, James Cook University11, Federal University of São Carlos12
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present recent examples of harmful policies that have great potential to erode biodiversity, and suggest ways to communicate scientific knowledge to decision-makers, in order to fill the gap between conservation science and policies.
Abstract: The executive and legislative branches of Brazilian government have either proposed or taken a variety of initiatives that threaten biodiversity and ecosystems. Opposition by the scientific community has largely been ignored by decision-makers. In this short essay, we present recent examples of harmful policies that have great potential to erode biodiversity, and we suggest ways to communicate scientific knowledge to decision- makers. If the current gap between conservation science and policies is not filled, the country will threaten the maintenance of its natural capital and, consequently, the sustainability of essential societal activities in the long term.
TL;DR: There is moderate-quality evidence that current telehealth interventions, alone, are not more effective than minimal interventions for reducing pain and disability in chronic LBP.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the changes on physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of a Dusky Red Latosol, the yield and the quality of lettuce after cultivation with treated wastewater on irrigation.
TL;DR: The prevalence of Gram-negative species in the gut and the increased plasma IL-6 in patients could be linked to low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, and the detection of inflammatory markers could be used as diabetes predictive markers in overweight, obese and in genetically predisposed individuals to develop T2D.
Abstract: Intestinal dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxemia has been associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the intestinal dysbiosis in Brazilian T2D patients and correlate these data with inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) plasma concentrations. This study was approved by the Ethics Committees from Barretos Cancer Hospital and all individuals signed the informed consent form. Stool samples were required for DNA extraction, and the V3/V4 regions of bacterial 16S were sequenced using an Illumina platform. Peripheral blood were used to quantify inflammatory cytokines and plasma LPS concentrations, by CBA flex and ELISA, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s tests. Analysis of variance, diversity indexes and analysis of alpha and beta-diversity were conducted using an annotated OTU table. This study included 20 patients and 22 controls. We observed significant differences (P<0.01) in the microbiota composition (beta-diversity) between patients and controls, suggesting intestinal dysbiosis in Brazilian T2D patients. The prevalent species found in patients’ feces were the gram-negatives Prevotella copri, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides rodentium, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. The proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly increased (P<0.05) in patients’ plasma and LPS levels were decreased. We find correlations between the proinflammatory interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) with gram-negatives Bacteroides and Prevotella species, and a positive correlation between the LPS levels and Prevotella copri reads. The Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus species were associated with insulin resistance in previous studies. In this study, we suggested that the prevalence of gram-negative species in the gut and the increased plasma IL-6 in patients could be linked to low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. In conclusion, the Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus species could represent an intestinal microbiota signature, associated with T2D development. Furthermore, the identification of these gram-negative bacteria, and the detection of inflammatory markers, such as increased IL-6, could be used as diabetes predictive markers in overweight, obese and in genetically predisposed individuals to develop T2D.
University College London1, Royal Botanic Gardens2, University of Brasília3, Universiti Malaysia Sabah4, Harvard University5, Federal University of Pernambuco6, American Museum of Natural History7, Federal University of Ceará8, Goiás State University9, University of São Paulo10, State University of Campinas11, Federal University of São Carlos12, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems13, University College Cork14
TL;DR: Myrteae phylogeny presents strong statistical support for three major clades within the tribe: Australasian group, Myrtus group and Main Neotropical Lineage, and is hypothesised that biological intrinsic factors such as modifications of embryo type and polyploidy might have played a role in accelerating shifts of diversification rates in Neotropic lineages.
TL;DR: 2D and 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for monitoring glucose, total protein, and nitrite in blood serum and artificial urine are fabricated and presented an excellent analytical performance for all analytes.
TL;DR: Patients with compensated cirrhosis in whom endoscopy can be avoided are defined as those with a liver stiffness by transient elastography <20 kPa and a platelet count >150 000/mm3.
Abstract: Background Guidelines recommend variceal screening in patients with cirrhosis to identify varices at high risk of bleeding requiring primary prophylaxis. Non-invasive criteria to rule out high-risk varices will avoid unnecessary endoscopies. Recent Baveno VI criteria define patients with compensated cirrhosis in whom endoscopy can be avoided as those with a liver stiffness by transient elastography 150 000/mm3. AIMS: To validate Baveno criteria in two cohorts with a different prevalence of high-risk varices and to determine whether alternate parameters not including liver stiffness would be equal/more accurate in ruling out high-risk varices. Methods Retrospective study evaluating patients with liver stiffness >10 kPa who had liver stiffness and endoscopy within 1 year of each other. Results This study included 161 patients from the US cohort (14 [9%] with high-risk varices) and 101 patients from an Italian cohort (17 [17%] with high-risk varices). Of patients meeting Baveno criteria (41 in the US, 16 in Italy), none had high-risk varices and therefore 26% (US) and 16% (Italy) endoscopies could have been avoided. Sensitivity and negative predictive value were 100%. A stepwise strategy using platelet count >150 000 and MELD=6, increased the number of endoscopies avoided to 54% (US) while maintaining a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100%. Excellent sensitivity and negative predictive value were validated in the Italian cohort and in another cohort of patients with a clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis. Conclusions This study validates Baveno VI criteria, particularly in sites with a low prevalence of high-risk varices and describes a new accurate strategy that does not include liver stiffness.
TL;DR: In this article, two abundant coffee waste residues (powder and defatted cake) were treated using subcritical water (SubCW) for hydrolysis and extraction of reducing sugars and phenolic compounds from coffee residues under semi-continuous flow conditions.
Abstract: Two abundant coffee waste residues (powder and defatted cake) were treated using subcritical water (SubCW) for hydrolysis and extraction of reducing sugars (RS), total reducing sugars (TRS), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) under semi-continuous flow conditions The flow-through process was carried out at 150, 175, 200 and 250 °C, with a water flow of 10 mL/min and reaction pressures of either 225 or 30 MPa For treated coffee powder, the maximum observed sugar recovery was 63% for RS (150 °C and 30 MPa) and 90% for TRS (150 °C and 30 MPa) The maximum TPC recovery was 2664 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent)/g powder coffee, observed at 200 °C and 225 MPa For the defatted coffee cake, the maximum sugar yields were 879% and 1723% for RS and TRS; both observed at a treatment temperature of 175 °C The highest TPC yield was 5531 mg TPC GAE/g defatted coffee cake, also at 175 °C HPLC was used to quantify specific carbohydrates (arabinose, cellobiose, glucose, and xylose), 5-hydroxy-methyl-furfural (5-HMF) and furfural in both coffee waste hydrolyzates, providing evidence of thermal degradation of the coffee carbohydrates Scanning electron microscopy of the treated samples revealed particles deposited on the surface and other signs of physical degradation of the biomass structure Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of the residues revealed that the density of surface bound acid groups increased with increasing treatment temperature The results presented here provide a basis for the use of subcritical water to obtain reducing sugars and phenolic compounds from coffee residue
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that when the work of breathing was reduced during exercise, respiratory muscle blood flow decreased, while locomotor muscle oxygenated muscle blood was increased, while respiratory muscle breathing increased.
Abstract: New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does manipulation of the work of breathing during high-intensity exercise alter respiratory and locomotor muscle blood flow?
What is the main finding and its importance?
We found that when the work of breathing was reduced during exercise, respiratory muscle blood flow decreased, while locomotor muscle blood flow increased. Conversely, when the work of breathing was increased, respiratory muscle blood flow increased, while locomotor muscle blood flow decreased. Our findings support the theory of a competitive relationship between locomotor and respiratory muscles during intense exercise.
Manipulation of the work of breathing (WOB) during near-maximal exercise influences leg blood flow, but the effects on respiratory muscle blood flow are equivocal. We sought to assess leg and respiratory muscle blood flow simultaneously during intense exercise while manipulating WOB. Our hypotheses were as follows: (i) increasing the WOB would increase respiratory muscle blood flow and decrease leg blood flow; and (ii) decreasing the WOB would decrease respiratory muscle blood flow and increase leg blood flow. Eight healthy subjects (n = 5 men, n = 3 women) performed a maximal cycle test (day 1) and a series of constant-load exercise trials at 90% of peak work rate (day 2). On day 2, WOB was assessed with oesophageal balloon catheters and was increased (via resistors), decreased (via proportional assist ventilation) or unchanged (control) during the trials. Blood flow was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy optodes placed over quadriceps and the sternocleidomastoid muscles, coupled with a venous Indocyanine Green dye injection. Changes in WOB were significantly and positively related to changes in respiratory muscle blood flow (r = 0.73), whereby increasing the WOB increased blood flow. Conversely, changes in WOB were significantly and inversely related to changes in locomotor blood flow (r = 0.57), whereby decreasing the WOB increased locomotor blood flow. Oxygen uptake was not different during the control and resistor trials (3.8 ± 0.9 versus 3.7 ± 0.8 l min−1, P > 0.05), but was lower on the proportional assist ventilator trial (3.4 ± 0.7 l min−1, P < 0.05) compared with control. Our findings support the concept that respiratory muscle work significantly influences the distribution of blood flow to both respiratory and locomotor muscles.
TL;DR: The authors retracar a genealogia desse termo for compreender a gramatica politica em que se insere, retoma textos that o definem ha cerca de vinte anos atras, mapeia onde ele emerge na America Latina and quando passa a ser acionado contra avancos nos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos.
Abstract: Nos ultimos anos, em diversos contextos nacionais, emergiram debates sobre o que grupos – religiosos e laicos - denominam de “ideologia de genero”. Este artigo busca retracar a genealogia desse termo para compreender a gramatica politica em que se insere. Com este objetivo, retoma textos que o definem ha cerca de vinte anos atras, mapeia onde ele emerge na America Latina e quando passa a ser acionado contra avancos nos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Demandas de direitos humanos tem sido interpretadas por empreendedores morais como ameacas ao status quo engendrando, ao mesmo tempo, um pânico moral e um campo discursivo de acao.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of polyaniline (PAni) dopants on the textural and electrochemical properties of activated carbon (PAC) was investigated for desalination.