Federal University of São Paulo

About: Federal University of São Paulo is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 27971 authors who have published 49365 publications receiving 935536 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidade Federal de São Paulo & Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.

Production of IFN-? is impaired in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis during active disease and is restored after clinical remission

Abstract: Cellular immunity is usually suppressed during paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and is restored after treatment In this study we evaluated the induction of a type 1 (interferon γ (IFN-γ)), a type 2 (interleukin (IL)-10) and a primarily macrophage derived cytokine (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with PCM Eight male patients with active PCM, nine male patients with clinical remission of the disease and 10 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study Cytokines were induced with non-specific stimuli -- phytohaemagglutin (PHA) (induces IL-10 and IFN-γ), Lipopolysaccharide (induces TNF-α) -- and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen (PbAg) (induces IL-10, IFN-g and TNF-a) Induction of IFN-g with PHA differed among the three groups (P<0·01; Kruskal-Wallis test) and with PbAg was lower in patients with active disease compared to those in clinical remission (P=0·05; Mann-Whitney) Induction of IL-10 and of TNF-α was similar in the three groups T

Nebulized and intravenous colistin in experimental pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract: Emergence of multidrug-resistant strains in intensive care units has renewed interest in colistin, which often remains the only available antimicrobial agent active against resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study is to compare lung tissue deposition and antibacterial efficiency between nebulized and intravenous administration of colistin in piglets with pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa. In ventilated piglets, colistimethate was administered 24 h following bronchial inoculation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin = 2 μg ml−1) either by nebulization (8 mg kg−1 every 12 h, n = 6) or by intravenous infusion (3.2 mg kg−1 every 8 h, n = 6). All piglets were killed 49 h after inoculation. Colistin peak lung tissue concentrations and lung bacterial burden were assessed on multiple post mortem subpleural lung specimens. Median colistin peak lung concentration following nebulization was 2.8 μg g−1 (25–75% interquartile range = 0.8–13.7 μg g−1). Colistin was undetected in lung tissue following intravenous infusion. In the aerosol group, peak lung tissue concentrations were significantly greater in lung segments with mild pneumonia (median = 10.0 μg g−1, 25–75% interquartile range = 1.8–16.1 μg g−1) than in lung segments with severe pneumonia (median = 1.2 μg g−1, 25–75% interquartile range = 0.5–3.3 μg g−1) (p < 0.01). After 24 h of treatment, 67% of pulmonary segments had bacterial counts <102 cfu g−1 following nebulization and 28% following intravenous administration (p < 0.001). In control animals, 12% of lung segments had bacterial counts <102 cfu g−1 49 h following bronchial inoculation. Nebulized colistin provides rapid and efficient bacterial killing in ventilated piglets with inoculation pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.