Federal University of São Paulo

About: Federal University of São Paulo is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 27971 authors who have published 49365 publications receiving 935536 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidade Federal de São Paulo & Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.

Impact of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) strategy on central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in the intensive care units of 15 developing countries.

Abstract: Background. The International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) was established in 15 developing countries to reduce infection rates in resource‐limited hospitals by focusing on education and feedback of outcome surveillance (infection rates) and process surveillance (adherence to infection control measures). We report a time‐sequence analysis of the effectiveness of this approach in reducing rates of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and associated deaths in 86 intensive care units with a minimum of 6‐month INICC membership. Methods. Pooled CLABSI rates during the first 3 months (baseline) were compared with rates at 6‐month intervals during the first 24 months in 53,719 patients (190,905 central line–days). Process surveillance results at baseline were compared with intervention period data. Results. During the first 6 months, CLABSI incidence decreased by 33% (from 14.5 to 9.7 CLABSIs per 1,000 central line–days). Over the first 24 months there was a cumulative reduct...

Modelo animal de doença: critérios de escolha e espécies de animais de uso corrente

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Delinear os parâmetros que norteiam a escolha de um modelo animal de doenca e verificar na literatura biomedica recente quais as especies animais de uso mais frequente. METODOS: Considerando a revisao da literatura sao discutidos, os conceitos e as caracteristicas de um modelo animal de doenca. Destaca-se o consenso atual sobre quando usar um modelo animal, quais os criterios de sua escolha e os requisitos para um modelo adequado. Descreve quais os tipos de modelos animal de doenca e discute as controversias da similaridade filogenetica e os riscos inerentes a extrapolacao dos modelos para os seres humanos. Baseado em uma pesquisa documental na base de dados da BIREME (Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e Biblioteca Cochrane) investiga quais os animais de experimentacao mais citados nos artigos destas bases de dados. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que o rato e o camundongo sao os animais mais frequentemente utilizados. O coelho, cao e o suino seguem a lista nas referencias de lingua inglesa. Nas bases de dados da literatura Latino-americana o cao supera o numero de citacoes de coelhos e suinos. Os primatas sao minoria nas citacoes em todas as bases de dados. As revisoes sistematicas tambem tem no rato o maior numero de citacoes, as demais especies sao citadas em igualdade de condicoes. CONCLUSOES: O animal de experimentacao e usado virtualmente em todos os campos da pesquisa biologica nos dias de hoje. A relacao entre os humanos e os animais de outras especies ganhou, atraves dos tempos, contornos mais definidos, a exploracao de outras especies tem regras e uma etica estabelecida, a inducao dos resultados do animal para a especie humana tem criterios claros e objetivos a serem preenchidos. O uso dos modelos experimentais, ou dos modelos animal de doenca, ou dos animais de laboratorio na pesquisa biomedica permite e deverao permitir nos proximos anos discussoes epistemologicas, politicas, sociais, economicas e religiosas.

Cell damage and neurogenesis in the dentate granule cell layer of adult rats after pilocarpine- or kainate-induced status epilepticus.

Abstract: Dentate granule cells are generally considered to be relatively resistant to excitotoxicity and have been associated with robust synaptogenesis after neuronal damage. Synaptic reorganization of dentate granule cell axons, the mossy fibers, has been suggested to be relevant for hyperexcitability in human temporal lobe epilepsy and animal models. A recent hypothesis suggested that mossy-fiber sprouting is dependent on newly formed dentate granule cells. However, we recently demonstrated that cycloheximide (CHX) can block the mossy-fiber sprouting that would otherwise be induced by different epileptogenic agents and does not interfere with epileptogenesis in those models. Here, we investigated cell damage and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of pilocarpine- or kainate-treated animals with or without coadministration of CHX. Dentate granule cells were highly vulnerable to pilocarpine induced-status epilepticus (SE), but were hardly damaged by kainate-induced SE. CHX pretreatment markedly reduced the number of injured neurons after pilocarpine-induced SE. Induction of SE dramatically increased the mitotic rate of KA- and KA + CHX-treated animals. Induction of SE in animals injected with pilocarpine alone led to 2-7-fold increases in the mitotic rate of dentate granule cells as compared to 5- and 30-fold increases for pilocarpine + CHX animals. We suggest that such increased mitotic rates might be associated with a protection of a vulnerable precursor cell population that would otherwise degenerate after pilocarpine-induced SE. We further suggest that mossy-fiber sprouting and neurogenesis of granule cells are not necessarily linked to one another.