Federal University of São Paulo

About: Federal University of São Paulo is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 27971 authors who have published 49365 publications receiving 935536 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidade Federal de São Paulo & Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.

Yoga decreases insomnia in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial.

Abstract: ObjectiveThe practice of yoga has been proven to have positive effects on reducing insomnia. Studies have also shown its effects on reducing climacteric symptoms. To date, however, no studies that evaluate the effects of yoga on postmenopausal women with a diagnosis of insomnia in a randomiz

Urinary catheter policies for long-term bladder drainage.

Abstract: Background People requiring long-term bladder draining commonly experience catheter-associated urinary tract infection and other problems. Objectives To determine if certain catheter policies are better than others in terms of effectiveness, complications, quality of life and cost-effectiveness in long-term catheterised adults and children. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (searched 28 September 2011). Additionally, we examined all reference lists of identified trials. Selection criteria All randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing catheter policies (route of insertion and use of antibiotics) for long-term (more than 14 days) catheterisation in adults and children. Data collection and analysis Data were extracted by two reviewers independently and compared. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Data were processed as described in the Cochrane Handbook. If the data in trials had not been fully reported, clarification was sought from the authors. When necessary, the incidence-density rates (IDR) and/or the incidence-density differences (IDD) within a certain time period were calculated. Main results Eight trials met the inclusion criteria involving 504 patients in four cross-over and four parallel-group randomised controlled trials. Only two of the pre-stated six comparisons were addressed in these trials. Four trials compared antibiotic prophylaxis with antibiotics when clinically indicated. For patients using intermittent catheterisation, there were inconsistent findings about the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI). Only one study found a significant difference in the frequency of UTI favouring prophylaxis. For patients using indwelling urethral catheterisation, one small trial reported fewer episodes of symptomatic UTI in the prophylaxis group. Four trials compared antibiotic prophylaxis with giving antibiotics when microbiologically indicated. For patients using intermittent catheterisation, there was limited evidence that receiving antibiotics reduced the rate of bacteriuria (asymptomatic and symptomatic). There was weak evidence that prophylactic antibiotics were better in terms of fewer symptomatic bacteriuria. Authors' conclusions No eligible trials were identified that compared alternative routes of catheter insertion. The data from eight trials comparing different antibiotic policies were sparse, particularly when intermittent catheterisation was considered separately from indwelling catheterisation. Possible benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis must be balanced against possible adverse effects, such as development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. These cannot be reliably estimated from currently available trials.

Metallo-beta-lactamase detection: comparative evaluation of double-disk synergy versus combined disk tests for IMP-, GIM-, SIM-, SPM-, or VIM-producing isolates.

Abstract: The emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates is a challenge to routine microbiology laboratories, since there are no standardized methods for detecting such isolates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of different phenotypic methods to detect MBL production among Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., and enterobacterial isolates, including GIM, IMP, SIM, SPM, and VIM variants. A total of 46 genetically unrelated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter sp., and enterobacterial strains producing distinct MBLs were tested. Nineteen strains were included as negative controls. The inhibition of bacterial growth and β-lactam hydrolysis caused by MBL inhibitors (IMBL) also were evaluated. The isolates were tested for MBL production by both a double-disk synergy test (DDST) and a combined disk assay (CD) using imipenem and ceftazidime as substrates in combination with distinct IMBL. One hundred percent sensitivity and specificity were achieved by DDST using 2-mercaptopropionic acid in combination with ceftazidime and imipenem for the detection of MBL production among P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species isolates, respectively. The CD test showed the same results for detecting MBL-producing enterobacteria by combining imipenem and EDTA, with a 5.0-mm-breakpoint increase in the size of the inhibition zone. Our results indicate that both phenotypic methods to detect MBL-producing isolates should be based on the genera to be tested, regardless of the enzyme produced by such isolates, as well as on the local prevalence of MBL producers.

Envolvimento religioso e fatores sociodemográficos: resultados de um levantamento nacional no Brasil

Abstract: CONTEXTO: As relacoes entre envolvimento religioso e saude tem sido objeto de crescente interesse, mas ha carencia de estudos fora dos Estados Unidos e da Europa. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo descreve o envolvimento religioso na populacao brasileira e sua relacao com variaveis sociodemograficas. METODOS: Numa amostra probabilistica da populacao brasileira (n = 3.007), variaveis sociodemograficas e de envolvimento religioso foram avaliadas. RESULTADOS: Cinco por cento dos brasileiros declararam nao ter religiao, 83% consideraram religiao muito importante para sua vida e 37% frequentavam um servico religioso pelo menos uma vez por semana. As filiacoes religiosas mais frequentes foram Catolicismo (68%), Protestante/Evangelica (23%) e Espiritismo Kardecista (2,5%). Dez por cento referiram frequentar mais de uma religiao. De modo semelhante a estudos em outros paises, maior idade e sexo feminino se associaram a maiores niveis de religiosidade subjetiva e organizacional, mesmo apos o controle para outras variaveis sociodemograficas. Entretanto, nivel educacional, renda e raca negra nao se associaram de modo independente a indicadores de religiosidade. CONCLUSAO: Este estudo mostra altos niveis de religiosidade entre os brasileiros e sugere que religiosidade, em diferentes culturas, pode relacionar-se de modo diferente com outras variaveis. Para uma melhor compreensao da influencia da religiosidade na saude, e necessario expandir esse tipo de estudo para outras culturas.

Classification and genetics of dystonia

Abstract: Dystonia is a syndrome characterised by sustained muscle contractions, producing twisting, repetitive, and patterned movements, or abnormal postures. The dystonic syndromes include a large group of diseases that have been classified into various aetiological categories, such as primary, dystonia-plus, heredodegenerative, and secondary. The diverse clinical features of these disorders are reflected in the traditional clinical classification based on age at onset, distribution of symptoms, and site of onset. However, with an increased awareness of the molecular and environmental causes, the classification schemes have changed to reflect different genetic forms of dystonia. To date, at least 13 dystonic syndromes have been distinguished on a genetic basis and their loci are referred to as DYT1 to DYT13. This review focuses on the molecular and phenotypic features of the hereditary dystonias, with emphasis on recent advances.