Federal University of São Paulo

About: Federal University of São Paulo is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 27971 authors who have published 49365 publications receiving 935536 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidade Federal de São Paulo & Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.

Quantitative imaging of Plasmodium transmission from mosquito to mammal

Abstract: Plasmodium, the parasite that causes malaria, is transmitted by a mosquito into the dermis and must reach the liver before infecting erythrocytes and causing disease. We present here a quantitative, real-time analysis of the fate of parasites transmitted in a rodent system. We show that only a proportion of the parasites enter blood capillaries, whereas others are drained by lymphatics. Lymph sporozoites stop at the proximal lymph node, where most are degraded inside dendritic leucocytes, but some can partially differentiate into exoerythrocytic stages. This previously unrecognized step of the parasite life cycle could influence the immune response of the host, and may have implications for vaccination strategies against the preerythrocytic stages of the parasite.

The geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an NTM-NET collaborative study

Abstract: A significant knowledge gap exists concerning the geographical distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolation worldwide. To provide a snapshot of NTM species distribution, global partners in the NTM-Network European Trials Group (NET) framework (www.ntm-net.org), a branch of the Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TB-NET), provided identification results of the total number of patients in 2008 in whom NTM were isolated from pulmonary samples. From these data, we visualised the relative distribution of the different NTM found per continent and per country. We received species identification data for 20 182 patients, from 62 laboratories in 30 countries across six continents. 91 different NTM species were isolated. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteria predominated in most countries, followed by M. gordonae and M. xenopi. Important differences in geographical distribution of MAC species as well as M. xenopi, M. kansasii and rapid-growing mycobacteria were observed. This snapshot demonstrates that the species distribution among NTM isolates from pulmonary specimens in the year 2008 differed by continent and differed by country within these continents. These differences in species distribution may partly determine the frequency and manifestations of pulmonary NTM disease in each geographical location.

Determinant factors of functional status among the elderly

Abstract: OBJETIVO; Investigar a influencia de fatores socioeconomicos e demograficos relativos a saude, bem como os fatores ligados as atividades sociais e a avaliacao subjetiva da saude sobre a capacidade funcional dos idosos. METODOS: Estudo transversal, integrante de estudo multicentrico, em amostra representativa do municipio de Sao Paulo, realizado em 1989. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada atraves da escala de atividades da vida diaria pessoal e instrumental e investigada como variavel dicotomica: ausencia de dependencia - incapacidade/dificuldade em nenhuma das atividades versus presenca de dependencia moderada/grave - incapacidade/dificuldade em 4 ou mais atividades. Analise de regressao logistica multipla foi aplicada aos fatores hierarquicamente agrupados. RESULTADOS: As caracteristicas que se associaram com a dependencia moderada/grave foram analfabetismo, ser aposentado, ser pensionista, ser dona de casa, nao ser proprietario da moradia, ter mais de 65 anos, ter composicao familiar multigeracional, ter sido internado nos ultimos 6 meses, ser "caso" no rastreamento de saude mental, nao visitar amigos, ter problemas de visao, ter historia de derrame, nao visitar parentes e ter avaliacao pessimista da saude ao se comparar com seus pares. CONCLUSOES: As caracteristicas identificadas que se associaram a dependencia moderada/grave sugerem uma complexa rede causal do declinio da capacidade funcional. Pode-se supor, entretanto, que acoes preventivas especificamente voltadas para certos fatores podem propiciar beneficios para o prolongamento do bem estar da populacao idosa.

Whole-Genome and Epigenomic Landscapes of Etiologically Distinct Subtypes of Cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a hepatobiliary malignancy exhibiting high incidence in countries with endemic liver-fluke infection. We analyzed 489 CCAs from 10 countries, combining whole-genome (71 cases), targeted/exome, copy-number, gene expression, and DNA methylation information. Integrative clustering defined 4 CCA clusters-fluke-positive CCAs (clusters 1/2) are enriched in ERBB2 amplifications and TP53 mutations; conversely, fluke-negative CCAs (clusters 3/4) exhibit high copy-number alterations and PD-1/PD-L2 expression, or epigenetic mutations (IDH1/2, BAP1) and FGFR/PRKA-related gene rearrangements. Whole-genome analysis highlighted FGFR2 3' untranslated region deletion as a mechanism of FGFR2 upregulation. Integration of noncoding promoter mutations with protein-DNA binding profiles demonstrates pervasive modulation of H3K27me3-associated sites in CCA. Clusters 1 and 4 exhibit distinct DNA hypermethylation patterns targeting either CpG islands or shores-mutation signature and subclonality analysis suggests that these reflect different mutational pathways. Our results exemplify how genetics, epigenetics, and environmental carcinogens can interplay across different geographies to generate distinct molecular subtypes of cancer.Significance: Integrated whole-genome and epigenomic analysis of CCA on an international scale identifies new CCA driver genes, noncoding promoter mutations, and structural variants. CCA molecular landscapes differ radically by etiology, underscoring how distinct cancer subtypes in the same organ may arise through different extrinsic and intrinsic carcinogenic processes. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1116-35. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047.