Showing papers by "Flinders University published in 1992"
TL;DR: This work presents convergent elastic, 2s, and 2p differential cross sections, spin asymmetries, and angular-correlation parameters for the 2p excitation at 35, 54.4, and 100 eV.
Abstract: The convergence of the close-coupling formalism is studied by expanding the target states in an orthogonal ${\mathit{L}}^{2}$ Laguerre basis. The theory is without approximation, and convergence is established by simply increasing the basis size. We present convergent elastic, 2s, and 2p differential cross sections, spin asymmetries, and angular-correlation parameters for the 2p excitation at 35, 54.4, and 100 eV. Integrated and total cross sections as well as T-matrix elements for the first five partial waves are also given.
353 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conceptualized the relations between values and actions from the point of view of expectancy-value theory, where values induce valences on events and potential outcomes, and these valences in association with expectations are important determinants of the final action that is taken.
Abstract: This article conceptualizes the relations between values and actions from the point of view of expectancy-value theory. Key assumptions are that values induce valences on events and potential outcomes, and that these valences in association with expectations are important determinants of the final action that is taken. The approach is illustrated by results from a recent study concerned with job-seeking behavior among the unemployed. The approach is discussed in relation to Lewinian theory and to recent theoretical statements concerning commitment, volition, and self-regulation. Related approaches to conceptualizing relations between values and actions are briefly noted, along with the need to take account of the activation of values and valences in relation to the cognitive-affective system.
329 citations
TL;DR: Key predictors of graft failure were an indication for graft other than keratoconus or corneal dystrophy; a failed previous graft; aphakia; inflammation at the time of graft; presence of an anterior chamber or iris-clip intraocular lens; graft size outside the range of 7.0 to 7.9 mm diameter.
315 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that nitric oxide synthase is located in a sub-population of enteric neurons, amongst which are inhibitory motor neurons that supply the circular muscle layer.
302 citations
TL;DR: Human monomorphic and polymorphic arylamine acetyltransferases expressed in monkey kidney COS-1 cells were used to study the N- and O-acetylation of a number of carcinogenic amines and their N-hydroxy metabolites and suggest that rapid acetylator individuals will be predisposed to their genotoxicity.
249 citations
Yale University1, University of Toronto2, University of Wisconsin-Madison3, Rush University Medical Center4, Flinders University5, University of Göttingen6, University of Washington7, University of Bonn8, University of Konstanz9, University of Cambridge10, Brandeis University11, Max Planck Society12, University of Texas Medical Branch13, University of Oxford14, University of York15, University of California, San Diego16, Cornell University17, University of Sydney18, Imperial College London19
192 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that nitric oxide may regulate the activity of both myenteric neurons and smooth muscle, and leave unanswered the question of how Nitric oxide is stored and released.
188 citations
TL;DR: The Lacepede Shelf and narrow Bonney Shelf are contiguous parts of the south-eastern passive continental margin of Australia as discussed by the authors, and the shelves are open, generally deeper than 40 m, covered by waters cooler than 18°C and swept by oceanic swells that move sediments to depths of 140 m.
Abstract: The wide Lacepede Shelf and narrow Bonney Shelf are contiguous parts of the south-eastern passive continental margin of Australia. The shelves are open, generally deeper than 40 m, covered by waters cooler than 18°C and swept by oceanic swells that move sediments to depths of 140 m. The Lacepede Shelf is proximal to the ‘delta’of the River Murray and the Coorong Lagoon. Shelf and upper slope sediments are a variable mixture of Holocene and late Pleistocene quartzose terrigenous clastic and bryozoa-dominated carbonate particles.
Bryozoa grow in abundance to depths of 250 m and are conspicuous to depths of 350 m. They can be grouped into four depth-related assemblages. Coralline algae, the only calcareous phototrophs, are important sediment producers to depths of 70 m. Active benthic carbonate sediment production occurs to depths of 350 m, but carbonate sediment accumulation is reduced on the open shelf by continuous high energy conditions.
The shelf is separated into five zones. The strandline is typified by accretionary sequences of steep shoreface, beach and dune carbonate/siliciclastic sediments. Similar shoreline facies of relict bivalve/limestone cobble ridges are stranded on the open shelf. The shallow shelf, c.40–70 m deep, is a wide, extremely flat plain with only subtle local relief. It is a mosaic of grainy, quartzose, palimpsest facies which reflect the complex interaction of modern bioclastic sediment production (dominated by bryozoa and molluscs), numerous highstands of sea level over the last 80 000 years, modern mixing of sediments from relatively recent highstands and local introduction of quartz-rich sediments during lowstands. The middle shelf, c.70–140 m deep, is a gentle incline with subtle relief where Holocene carbonates veneer seaward-dipping bedrock clinoforms and local lowstand beach complexes. Carbonates are mostly modern, uniform, clean, coarse grained sands dominated by a diverse suite of robust to delicate bryozoa particles produced primarily in situ but swept into subaqueous dunes. The deep shelf edge, c. 140–250 m deep, is a site of diverse and active bryozoa growth. Resulting accumulations are characteristically muddy and distinguished by large numbers of delicate, branching bryozoa. The upper slope, between 250 and 350 m depth, contains the deepest platform-related sediments, which are very muddy and contain a low diversity suite of delicate, branching cyclostome bryozoa.
This study provides fundamental environmental information critical for the interpretation of Cenozoic cool water carbonates and the region is a good model for older mixed carbonate-terrigenous clastic successions which were deposited on unrimmed shelves.
170 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that washing with 50% ethanol for at least 30 min allows immunoreagents to penetrate completely through nerve fibers fixed with high concentrations of glutaraldehyde, as long as the fibers have cut ends at both surfaces of a vibratome section.
Abstract: To develop a method for quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry on neural tissue of CNS, we tested the extent to which ethanol treatment would improve the penetration of immunoreagents through vibratome sections fixed in high concentrations of glutaraldehyde without compromising ultrastructure. Transverse or sagittal vibratome sections (60-80 microns) of spinal cord perfused with 1% formaldehyde plus 1% or 2.5% glutaraldehyde were washed in 50% ethanol for 0-70 min and stained to reveal immunoreactivity for neuropeptide Y (NPY). Semi-thin (1 micron) or ultra-thin sections were used to assess the depth to which NPY nerve fibers in the dorsal horn were stained. Without ethanol washing, immunoreactive nerve fibers were visualized only in the surface 5-10 microns of transverse or sagittal vibratome sections. In transverse vibratome sections, NPY nerve fibers, which ran perpendicular to the cut surfaces of the sections, were entirely stained after a 30-min wash in 50% ethanol. The numbers of NPY-...
153 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that certain interpolation theorems for non-commutative symmetric operator spaces can be deduced from their commutative versions from their Schmidt decomposition.
Abstract: It is shown that certain interpolation theorems for non-commutative symmetric operator spaces can be deduced from their commutative versions. A principal tool is a refinement of the notion of Schmidt decomposition of a measurable operator affiliated with a given semi-finite von Neumann algebra.
150 citations
TL;DR: The muscle lactate and O2 deficit data suggested that 60 and 90 s were more appropriate durations than 30 s for assessing the anaerobic capacity on an air-braked cycle ergometer and the mean power outputs indicated that the invasive procedures did not adversely affect performance.
Abstract: This study examined the anaerobic and aerobic contributions to muscle metabolism during high intensity short duration exercise. Six males [mean (SD): age 25.0 (6.0) years, height 179.0 (8.2) cm, mass 70.01 (7.42) kg, \(\dot VO_{2max}\)4.63 (0.53) 1 · min−1, body fat 12.7 (2.3)%] performed three counterbalanced treatments of 30, 60 and 90 s of maximal cycling on an air-braked ergometer. All treatments were also performed on days when biopsies were not taken from the vastus lateralis muscle and cannulae not inserted into a forearm vein to ascertain whether these procedures adversely affected performance. The mean results can be summarised as follows: a Homogenate from vastus lateralis muscle; wm, wet muscle; b biopsies taken from vastus lateralis muscle and cannula inserted into forearm vein; c noninvasive procedures ATP, Adenosine 5′-triphosphate; PC, phosphocreatinine
TL;DR: The vaginal flora of pregnant women at 22–28 weeks gestation is studied to determine whether the presence of specific micro‐organisms is significantly associated with preterm birth and prelabour rupture of the membranes.
TL;DR: It is concluded that Al ions affect net (45)Ca(2+) uptake by binding to the verapamil- specific channel site that is different from the bepridil-specific one, as well as by interfering with the action of guanosine 5'-triphosphate-binding proteins.
Abstract: Calcium ions serve as a second messenger in signal transduction and metabolic regulation. Effects of Al on calcium homeostasis remain to be elucidated. Short-term net 45Ca2+ uptake by Amaranthus tricolor protoplasts was monitored from uptake media prepared to test the influence of pH, Al, and various inhibitors. Accumulation of 45Ca2+ increased during the first 3 to 6 minutes and then leveled off or declined. Al and Ca2+ channel blockers (verapamil and bepridil) decreased net 45Ca2+ uptake. This decrease was more pronounced when Al and bepridil were both present in uptake media, but Al did not aggravate verapamil-induced reduction of net 45Ca2+ uptake. Erythrosin B and calmidazolium each increased net 45Ca2+ uptake, probably by interfering with Ca2+ efflux. This effect was undetectable in the presence of Al. Mycophenolic acid decreased net 45Ca2+ uptake; guanosine alleviated this effect. Al-induced reduction of net 45Ca2+ uptake was not aggravated by mycophenolic acid. Net 45Ca2+ uptake was generally less at pH 4.5 than at 5.5 for all treatments. It is concluded that Al ions affect net 45Ca2+ uptake by binding to the verapamil-specific channel site that is different from the bepridil-specific one, as well as by interfering with the action of guanosine 5′-triphosphate-binding proteins.
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: C alcium-Acti vated Ch annels . ..... ........ . . . .. . . £1.5m-£2.5bn worth of construction work is expected to be completed in the Czech Republic this year.
Abstract: IN TR OD UC TION ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. .... . . .... ...... . . . ... .. . . . . ... ..... 3 5 1 Fr amewor k of Ion Gr adients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. 352 CHARAC TER IS TICS OF AN ION CHANNELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Selecti vity . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . ... 355 Ch annel Gating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . .. .... . . . . . . . .... 358 Single -C h annel Conduct ances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Ph arm acology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ...... . . 362 F UNC TIONS OF ANION CHANN ELs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 C alcium-Acti vated Ch annels . ..... ........ . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 363 Hyperpol ar i zation-Acti vated Ch annels... . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 364 C ONCLUDING R EMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
TL;DR: Convergence as a function of the number of states is studied and demonstrated for the Poet-Temkin model of electron-hydrogen scattering and shows that the often-encountered pseudoresonance features in the cross sections are simply an indication of an inadequate target state representation.
Abstract: Convergence as a function of the number of states is studied and demonstrated for the Poet-Temkin model of electron-hydrogen scattering. In this Coulomb three-body problem only the l=0 partial waves are treated. By taking as many as thirty target states, obtained by diagonalizing the target Hamiltonian in a Laguerre basis, complete agreement with the smooth results of Poet is obtained at all energies. We show that the often-encountered pseudoresonance features in the cross sections are simply an indication of an inadequate target state representation.
TL;DR: In this article, the main concepts used in the expectancy-value theory are summarized and the theoretical framework is then related to the two topics and illustrated with research examples, concluding that the approach is more directly applicable to job-seeking behaviour than to psychological well-being, although it may also clarify the latter topic given additional assumptions.
Abstract: This article describes how expectancy-value theory can be applied to the analysis of two key topics in unemployment research, the impact of unemployment on psychological well-being and job-seeking behaviour. The main concepts used in the expectancy-value theory are summarized and the theoretical framework is then related to the two topics and illustrated with research examples. The approach is seen to be more directly applicable to job-seeking behaviour than to psychological well-being, although it may also clarify the latter topic given additional assumptions. It is concluded that expectancy-value theory is one of a number of possible approaches whose application could provide new ways of examining unemployment effects. It needs to be supplemented by other approaches from industrial/organizational psychology, from general psychology, and from other social sciences.
TL;DR: Results show that pre ganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic neurons lying in different functional pathways can be distinguished by their neuropeptide content as well as their projections, beginning to explain how the sympathetic nervous system is organized to allow the precise control of discrete target tissues.
TL;DR: It is concluded that distension and deforming the mucosa excite separate populations of sensory neurons to activate reflex pathways that converge onto common motor neurons and probably onto common interneurons.
Abstract: The effects on morphologically and electrophysiologically characterized myenteric neurons of activation of intestinal reflex pathways were examined in vitro. Opened segments of guinea pig small intestine were pinned serosa down in an organ bath that had two balloons set into its base. A 5–10-mm-wide strip of myenteric plexus between the balloons was exposed from the mucosal side, and neurons were impaled with microelectrodes. Reflex pathways were stimulated by inflation of the balloons to distend the intestinal wall, and by deforming the exposed mucosal villi with a brush. Impaled neurons were classified electrophysiologically as AH-neurons or S-neurons (Hirst et al., 1974) and were injected with biocytin to determine their shapes and projections. None of the 58 AH-neurons responded to distension. In contrast, 63 of 131 S-neurons responded to distension with a burst of fast EPSPs; about one-third of the responding S-neurons received input from ascending reflex pathways, one-third received input from descending reflex pathways, and one-third received input from both ascending and descending pathways. Most neurons in this last group supplied extensive varicose branches to the tertiary plexus and were probably longitudinal muscle motor neurons. Neurons receiving input from only one pathway usually projected in the direction of that pathway; many of these were circular muscle motor neurons. Almost all neurons responding to distension were also excited by deforming the villi. Responses evoked by distension or deforming the mucosa declined when stimuli were repeated at intervals less than 10 sec. This was seen in ascending and descending pathways but was more prominent in the former. Deforming the mucosa evoked a normal response even when the response to repeated distensions had disappeared. It is concluded that distension and deforming the mucosa excite separate populations of sensory neurons to activate reflex pathways that converge onto common motor neurons and probably onto common interneurons.
TL;DR: The neurochemical coding of longitudinal muscle motor neurons indicated that they constitute about one quarter of all myenteric neurons and are distinct from circular muscle motor neuron.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of individual differences in age and gender on body-size dissatisfaction was investigated, and the same pattern of gender differences emerged for mature women and men, whereas only for the older women was body dissatisfaction correlated with self-esteem.
TL;DR: It is suggested that glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter to sympathoadrenal neurons and possibly to other sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord.
TL;DR: The extent of criminal victimisation of individuals with an intellectual disability was compared to the nondisabled population as discussed by the authors, and the results indicated significantly higher levels of victimisation in regard to both personal and property offences.
Abstract: The extent of criminal victimisation of individuals with an intellectual disability was compared to the nondisabled population. The results indicated significantly higher levels of victimisation in regard to both personal and property offences. Victimisation rates varied between organisations that provided services to individuals with different levels of disability. The mildly-moderately disabled clients of one organisation were particularly susceptible to both personal and property crimes. The organisation dealing with the more severely disabled cohort was faced with very high personal victimisation rates, but relatively low property victimisation rates. In addition, risk of victimisation varied with residential situation, the greatest risk experienced when living alone or with other disabled individuals. Examination of the extent of crime reporting indicated that while police were likely to become aware of the crime, it was unlikely to be the disabled victim who did the reporting.
TL;DR: The isolated hepatocyte preparation is now firmly established in the armamentarium of the investigator examining the interaction of the liver with xenobiotics.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the selectivity of staining between neuronal classes observed with classical silver impregnation methods may be due to the presence or absence of the neurofilament protein-triplet, and may provide a new perspective on the basis of the selective vulnerability of neurons in degenerative diseases.
TL;DR: Double-labelling immunohistochemistry and retrograde transport of the carbocyanine dye, DiI, were used to establish the pathways of submucous neurons to the mucosa of the guinea-pig small intestine, demonstrating a high degree of convergence and divergence in the innervation of the mucosity.
Abstract: Double-labelling immunohistochemistry and retrograde transport of the carbocyanine dye, DiI, were used to establish the pathways of submucous neurons to the mucosa of the guinea-pig small intestine. Following the application of DiI to a villus, DiI-labelled nerve cell bodies were found in the submucous plexus up to 8.3 mm circumferentially and 3.8 mm longitudinally. The size of each of the four characterised classes of submucous neurons was determined and their distributions and projections mapped. Cells characterised by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity accounted for 52% of DiI-labelled cells and had the longest projections. Cells characterised by neuropeptide Y (19%) or by calretinin immunoreactivity (13% of all DiI-labelled neurons) had relatively short projections and cells with substance P immunoreactivity (20%) had intermediate lengths of projection. When DiI was applied directly to the submucous plexus, filled neurons of all classes had significantly shorter projections, indicating that they must run for considerable distances in other pathways to the mucosa, probably via the non-ganglionated plexus. On average, each villus is innervated by at least 70 submucous neurons. From quantitative estimates there are 9 submucous neurons per villus. Thus, each submucous neuron is likely to supply about 8 villi. This demonstrates a high degree of convergence and divergence in the innervation of the mucosa.
TL;DR: In this article, a longitudinal study of school leavers spanning the years 1980-1987 was conducted and the results suggest that purposeful use of spare time may play a buffering role in coping with the stresses of both unemployment and unsatisfactory employment.
Abstract: Results are presented from a longitudinal study of school leavers spanning the years 1980–1987. Those who were unemployed in 1987 reported spending relatively more of their spare time doing nothing in particular than those who were employed, although the groups did not differ in their reported use of spare time when they were at school. Also there were no differences in reported spare time use between those employed in satisfactory jobs and those employed in unsatisfactory jobs. As other studies have shown, in the unemployed spare time spent in purposeful activities with other people was positively correlated with psychological well-being. Similar associations were observed in the dissatisfied employed, although not in the satisfied employed. The results suggest that purposeful use of spare time may play a buffering role in coping with the stresses of both unemployment and unsatisfactory employment.
TL;DR: The data suggest that adherence to a low-frequency training program can elicit positive physiologic changes in elderly women, and increased habitual activity patterns are likely to be indicative of improvements in functional ability, lifestyle, and independence.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Rat strains were screened for evidence of unresponsive periods associated with high-voltage spike and wave paroxysms on electroencephalography--a rodent model of human absence epilepsy--which suggests that both genetic and environmental factors are causal.
Abstract: Rat strains were screened for evidence of unresponsive periods associated with high-voltage spike and wave paroxysms on electroencephalography--a rodent model of human absence epilepsy. Five commonly used strains were newly noted to express the spike and wave phenomenon. Only an inbred Sprague Dawley rat strain did not exhibit such episodes. The existence of the phenomenon in many and unrelated inbred rat strains suggests that both genetic and environmental factors are causal.
TL;DR: It is confirmed that age-related cell death depends on whether or not there is coexistent PD, and there was a significant correlation between loss of vagal neurons and age at death in PD patients.
Abstract: Older patients who die with Parkinson9s disease (PD) have fewer pigmented neurons in the locus coeruleus and fewer substance P-containing neurons in mesopontine tegmental nuclei. We analyzed two other medullary nuclei, the dorsal vagal nucleus and the hypoglossal nucleus, in eight PD patients and six normal controls by counting neurons in serial Nissl stained sections to determine the relationship between age at death and cell loss in these nuclei. PD-related neurodegenerative changes (Lewy bodies and neuronal loss) were present only in the dorsal vagal nucleus (13,637 ± 1,323 neurons in PD, 24,885 ± 1,157 in normal controls). Cells in the intermediate rostrocaudal part of the nucleus were most severely affected. There was a significant correlation between loss of vagal neurons and age at death in PD patients. No age-related cell loss was present in the dorsal vagal nucleus of normal brains, or in the hypoglossal nucleus in either PD or normal brains. These results confirm that age-related cell death depends on whether or not there is coexistent PD.
TL;DR: In this paper, the degree to which a person deserved the outcome and affective reactions relating to the outcome were assumed to be related to attributions of responsibility for the outcome, and also to whether positively or negatively valued behaviours led to positively (or negatively) valued outcomes.
Abstract: Hypotheses about deservingness and affect were tested in the context of an achievement situation in two studies that involved either a success outcome or a failure outcome. The degree to which a person deserved the outcome and affective reactions relating to the outcome were assumed to be related to attributions of responsibility for the outcome and also to whether positively (or negatively) valued behaviours led to positively (or negatively) valued outcomes. The two studies involved a total of 689 high school students, each of whom responded to a hypothetical scenario that contained information about the causes of a stimulus person's initial achievement status, whether the stimulus person was usually a high or average performer, and whether the stimulus person maintained performance or obtained a very low grade in a final important examination. The results were consistent with hypotheses and they provided new information supporting an attributional and value interpretation of deservingness and affect.