Flinders University

About: Flinders University is a education organization based out in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 12033 authors who have published 32831 publications receiving 973172 citations. The organization is also known as: Flinders University of South Australia.

Time structure and purposeful activity among employed and unemployed university graduates

Abstract: Employed and unemployed male and female university graduates completed a questionnaire that included the Backman et al. (1978) self-esteem scale, the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck & Beck, 1972) and items designed to measure employment importance and the extent to which time was used in a structured and purposeful way. It was found that graduates in the unemployed sample were less organized and less purposeful in their use of time and reported more depressive symptoms when compared with the employed sample. In both groups structured and purposeful use of time was positively associated with self-esteem and negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Correlations between employment importance and the use of time measures (total score, engagement, direction, structure and routine) were negative for the unemployed sample and positive for the employed sample, indicating that employment importance functioned as a moderator variable. Female respondents reported higher employment importance and more use of a routine but their self-esteem scores were lower than those of the male respondents. Results were related to Jahoda's analysis of the latent functions of employment and to other recent studies of employment and unemployment but were seen as extending beyond the Jahoda analysis.

The solubility of α‐synuclein in multiple system atrophy differs from that of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease

Abstract: Intracellular inclusions containing alpha-synuclein (alpha SN) are pathognomonic features of several neurodegenerative disorders. Inclusions occur in oligodendrocytes in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and in neurons in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to identify disease-associated changes of alpha SN, this study compared the levels, solubility and molecular weight species of alpha SN in brain homogenates from MSA, DLB, PD and normal aged controls. In DLB and PD, substantial amounts of detergent-soluble and detergent-insoluble alpha SN were detected compared with controls in grey matter homogenate. Compared with controls, MSA cases had significantly higher levels of alpha SN in the detergent-soluble fraction of brain samples from pons and white matter but detergent-insoluble alpha SN was not detected. There was an inverse correlation between buffered saline-soluble and detergent-soluble levels of alpha SN in individual MSA cases suggesting a transition towards insolubility in disease. The differences in solubility of alpha SN between grey and white matter in disease may result from different processing of alpha SN in neurons compared with oligodendrocytes. Highly insoluble alpha SN is not involved in the pathogenesis of MSA. It is therefore possible that buffered saline-soluble or detergent-soluble forms of alpha SN are involved in the pathogenesis of other alpha SN-related diseases.

The Relationship Between Transformational and Transactional Leadership and School Improvement Outcomes

Abstract: This study examined the nature of the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and the nature of the relationships between specified school outcomes and the constructs of ...

Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive neurons in rabbit medulla oblongata, with attention to colocalization studies, presumptive adrenaline-synthesizing perikarya, and vagal preganglionic cells.

Abstract: We studied the distribution, within the rabbit medulla oblongata, of neuronal cell bodies containing either tyrosine hydroxylase or neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity. Both avidin-biotin and immunofluorescence procedures were used. Because the two primary antibodies were raised in different species it was possible to perform simultaneous colocalization studies with the immunofluorescence procedure. Tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the rostral medulla were demonstrated to contain a catecholamine by the colchicine-enhanced FAGLU (formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde) fluorescence histochemical procedure. These neurons are presumably adrenergic, corresponding to the C1 and C2 groups described in the rat. No C3 group was found in the rabbit. The distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase–containing neurons in the caudal medulla was in accordance with previous descriptions of the A1 and A2 groups based on the unenhanced FAGLU procedure. Neuropeptide Y–like immunoreactivity was observed in cell groups corresponding to those already described in the rat, but additional groups were discovered in the rabbit. Some neurons containing neuropeptide Y–like immunoreactivity were observed in nucleus raphe pallidus and these also contained serotonin (5-HT). In the nearby nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis there were occasional neurons that contained neuropeptide Y–like immunoreactivity without any colocalized 5-HT. Neuropeptide Y–like immunoreactivity was also observed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, rostral to the obex, and these neurons were demonstrated to be true vagal preganglionic cells by colocalization of neuropeptide Y–like immunoreactivity and Fast Blueretrogradely transported from the cervical vagus. We found that neuropeptide Y–like immunoreactivity was colocalized in approximately 75% of the tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the rostral medulla (C1 and C2 cells). A smaller proportion of the A1 cells also contained this peptide but it was absent from both the most caudal A1 cells and from the A2 cells. Some tyrosine hydroxylase–containing neurons occur in direct apposition to vagal preganglionic cells in both the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the nucleus ambiguus. However, colocalization studies revealed that none of these neurons contained Fast Blue when this dye was retrogradely transported from the cervical vagus. Medullary catecholamine-synthesizing neurons apparently do not contribute axons to the vagus nerve. This finding is consistent with our own studies in the rat but is in contrast to studies in this species published by other workers.