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Institution

Flinders University

EducationAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
About: Flinders University is a education organization based out in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 12033 authors who have published 32831 publications receiving 973172 citations. The organization is also known as: Flinders University of South Australia.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Coronary revascularization guided by iFR was noninferior to revascularizations guided by FFR with respect to the risk of major adverse cardiac events at 1 year.
Abstract: BackgroundCoronary revascularization guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) is associated with better patient outcomes after the procedure than revascularization guided by angiography alone. It is unknown whether the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), an alternative measure that does not require the administration of adenosine, will offer benefits similar to those of FFR. MethodsWe randomly assigned 2492 patients with coronary artery disease, in a 1:1 ratio, to undergo either iFR-guided or FFR-guided coronary revascularization. The primary end point was the 1-year risk of major adverse cardiac events, which were a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization. The trial was designed to show the noninferiority of iFR to FFR, with a margin of 3.4 percentage points for the difference in risk. ResultsAt 1 year, the primary end point had occurred in 78 of 1148 patients (6.8%) in the iFR group and in 83 of 1182 patients (7.0%) in the FFR group (difference i...

672 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the presence of macrophages and microglia is a better correlate with HIV‐associated dementia than is the presence and amount of HIV‐infected cells in the brain.
Abstract: The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia is unclear, and the underlying pathological substrate has been a matter of debate. In a prospectively clinically characterized population of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients we investigated the relationship between the clinical syndrome of HIV-associated dementia and the presence and relative quantity of immunocytochemical markers for HIV-1 (gp41 antibody), and for macrophages and microglia (HAM-56 antibody). Sections from the basal ganglia and frontal lobes from the brains of 51 patients were studied, and the data were stratified for severity of dementia (16 nondemented, 12 mildly demented, 23 severely demented), rate of dementia progression, duration of AIDS, use of antiretrovirals, and several other demographic features. We found a highly significant correlation between the degree of macrophage staining and the severity of dementia but only a borderline correlation between the presence and amount of gp41-positive cells and dementia. Several nondemented patients showed abundant gp41 immunoreactivity, and some severely demented showed little to no gp41 immunoreactivity. Other correlations with the immunostaining data, including antiretroviral use, were not significant. We conclude that the presence of macrophages and microglia is a better correlate with HIV-associated dementia than is the presence and amount of HIV-infected cells in the brain. These data support the concept that the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia is likely due to indirect effects of HIV infection of the brain, possibly through the actions of macrophages and microglia.

655 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology is presented for the prediction of fission track parameters in geological situations from a laboratory-based description of annealing kinetics, which is applied to a number of geological situations for which apatite fission-track analysis (AFTA) data are available and where thermal history is known with some confidence.
Abstract: A methodology is presented for the prediction of fission-track parameters in geological situations from a laboratory-based description of annealing kinetics. To test the validity of extrapolation from laboratory to geological timescales, the approach is applied to a number of geological situations for which apatite fission-track analysis (AFTA) data are available and where thermal history is known with some confidence. Predicted fission-track parameters agree well with observation in all cases, giving confidence in the validity of the extrapolation, and suggesting that fission-track annealing takes place by a single pathway in both laboratory and geological conditions. The precision of predicted track lengths is considered in some detail. Typical levels of precision are ∼ ±0.5 μm for mean lengths ⪷ 10 μm, and ∼ ±0.3 μm for length ⪆ 10 μm. Precision is largely independent of thermal history for any reasonable geological thermal history. Accuracy of prediction is limited principally by the effect of apatite composition on annealing kinetics. The development of fission-track parameters is illustrated through a series of notional thermal histories to emphasise various key aspects of the response of the system. Temperature dominates over time in determining final fission-track parameters, with an order of magnitude increase in time being equivalent to a ∼ 10°C increase in temperature. The final length of a track is determined predominantly by the maximum temperature to which it is subjected. Aspects of AFTA response are further highlighted by prediction of patterns of AFTA parameters as a function of depth and temperature from a series of notional burial histories embodying a variety of thermal history styles. The quantitative understanding of AFTA response not only affords the basis of rigorous paleotemperature estimation, but also allows a better understanding of the situations in which AFTA can be applied to yield useful information.

655 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that inter-tidal dredging and scallop dredging have the greatest initial effects on benthic biota, while trawling has less effect, and fauna in stable gravel, mud and biogenic habitats are more adversely affected than those in less consolidated coarse sediments.
Abstract: 1. The effects of towed bottom-fishing gear on benthic communities is the subject of heated debate, but the generality of trawl effects with respect to gear and habitat types is poorly understood. To address this deficiency we undertook a meta-analysis of 39 published fishing impact studies. 2. Our analysis shows that inter-tidal dredging and scallop dredging have the greatest initial effects on benthic biota, while trawling has less effect. Fauna in stable gravel, mud and biogenic habitats are more adversely affected than those in less consolidated coarse sediments. 3. Recovery rate appears most rapid in these less physically stable habitats, which are generally inhabited by more opportunistic species. However, defined areas that are fished in excess of three times per year (as occurs in parts of the North Sea and Georges Bank) are likely to be maintained in a permanently altered state. 4. We conclude that intuition about how fishing ought to affect benthic communities is generally supported, but that there are substantial gaps in the available data, which urgently need to be filled. In particular, data on impacts and recovery of epifaunal structure-forming benthic communities are badly needed.

653 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories.

641 citations


Authors

Showing all 12221 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Matthew Jones125116196909
Robert Edwards12177574552
Justin C. McArthur11343347346
Peter Somogyi11223242450
Glenda M. Halliday11167653684
Jonathan C. Craig10887259401
Bruce Neal10856187213
Alan Cooper10874645772
Robert J. Norman10375545147
John B. Furness10359737668
Richard J. Miller10341935669
Michael J. Brownstein10227447929
Craig S. Anderson10165049331
John Chalmers9983155005
Kevin D. Hyde99138246113
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202368
2022336
20212,761
20202,320
20191,943
20181,806