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Institution

Flinders University

EducationAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
About: Flinders University is a education organization based out in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 12033 authors who have published 32831 publications receiving 973172 citations. The organization is also known as: Flinders University of South Australia.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is now possible to take an individual nerve cell and use a few carefully chosen criteria to assign it to a functional class, providing a firm anatomical foundation for the systematic analysis of how the enteric nervous system normally functions and how it goes wrong in various clinically important disorders.
Abstract: The guinea-pig small intestine has been very widely used to study the physiology, pharmacology and morphology of the enteric nervous system. It also provides an ideal, simple mammalian preparation for studying how nerve cells are organised into functional circuits underlying simple behaviours. Many different types of nerve cells are present in the enteric nervous system and they show characteristic combinations of morphological features, projections, biophysical properties, neurochemicals, and receptors. To identify the different functional classes is an important prerequisite for systematic analysis of how the enteric nervous system controls normal gut behaviour. Based on combinations of multiple-labelling immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing, it has been possible to account quantitatively for all of the neurones in the guinea-pig small intestine. This article summarises that account and updates it in the light of recent data. A total of 18 classes of neurones are currently distinguishable, including primary afferent neurones, motor neurones, interneurones, secretomotor and vasomotor neurones. It is now possible to take an individual nerve cell and use a few carefully chosen criteria to assign it to a functional class. This provides a firm anatomical foundation for the systematic analysis of how the enteric nervous system normally functions and how it goes wrong in various clinically important disorders.

323 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that this garlic powder preparation may be of some clinical use in subjects with mild hypertension, but there is still insufficient evidence to recommend it as a routine clinical therapy for the treatment of hypertensive subjects.
Abstract: ObjectiveTo undertake a systematic review, including meta-analysis, of published and unpublished randomized controlled trials of garlic preparations to determine the effect of garlic on blood pressure relative to placebo and other antihypertensive agentsData identification: Studies were identified b

322 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of dynamic self-organization phenomena in complex ionized gas systems, associated physical phenomena, and industrial applications is presented in this paper, where the most recent experimental, theoretical, and modeling efforts to understand the growth mechanisms and dynamics of nano- and micron-sized particles, as well as the unique properties of the plasma-particle systems (colloidal, or complex plasmas) and the associated physical effects are reviewed and the major technological applications of micro- and nanoparticles are discussed.

322 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of working in either a male- or female-dominated industry on the leadership style, stress levels and mental health of 60 women and 60 men managers.
Abstract: A number of writers have suggested that when men dominate numerically in an industry, women in that industry experience pressure to alter their leadership style, which in turn impacts on their mental health. These assertions, based largely on limited research findings and anecdotal evidence, were tested empirically. Specifically, the study investigated the impact of working in either a male- or female-dominated industry on the leadership style, stress levels and mental health of 60 women and 60 men managers. As hypothesized, women and men in male-dominated industries did not differ in interpersonal orientation, whereas in female-dominated industries women were more interpersonally oriented than men. Consistent with predictions, women did report more pressure from their jobs than men, with women in male-dominated industries reporting the highest level of pressure from discrimination. Although there was no overall difference between women and men's mental health, there was a difference in the pattern of relationships between leadership style and mental health. Women in male-dominated industries reported worse mental health when they utilized an interpersonally oriented leadership style, whereas men in male-dominated industries reported better mental health when they utilized such a leadership style. These findings suggest that both gender and the gender ratio of the industry influence leadership style, stress and mental health, and as such contribute to our understanding of the barriers to women working in senior management roles in male-dominated industries.

322 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Diclofenac and probenecid inhibited all isoforms, precluding the use of these compounds for the reaction phenotyping of xenobiotic glucuronidation pathways in human tissues.
Abstract: The glucuronidation kinetics of the prototypic substrates 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) and 1-naphthol (1NP) by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2B7, 2B15, and 2B17 were investigated. Where activity was demonstrated, inhibitory effects of diclofenac, probenecid, and the solvents acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, and methanol were characterized. All isoforms except UGT1A4 glucuronidated 4MU, whereas all but UGT 1A4, 2B15, and 2B17 metabolized 1NP. However, kinetic models varied with substrate (for the same isoform) and from isoform to isoform (with the same substrate). Hyperbolic (Michaelis-Menten), substrate inhibition, and sigmoidal kinetics were variably observed for both 4MU and 1NP glucuronidation by the various UGTs. K(m) or S(50) (sigmoidal kinetics) and V(max) values varied 525- (8-4204 microM) and 1386-fold, respectively, for 4MU glucuronidation, and 1360- (1.3-1768 microM) and 37-fold, respectively, for 1NP glucuronidation. The use of a two-site model proved useful for those reactions exhibiting non-Michaelis-Menten glucuronidation kinetics. The organic solvents generally had a relatively minor effect on UGT isoform activity. UGT 2B15 and 2B17 were most susceptible to the presence of solvent, although solvent-selective inhibition was occasionally observed with other isoforms. Diclofenac and probenecid inhibited all isoforms, precluding the use of these compounds for the reaction phenotyping of xenobiotic glucuronidation pathways in human tissues. Diclofenac and probenecid K(i) values, determined for selected isoforms, ranged from 11 to 52 microM and 96 to 2452 microM, respectively. Overall, the results emphasize the need for the careful design and interpretation of kinetic and inhibition studies with human UGTs.

322 citations


Authors

Showing all 12221 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Matthew Jones125116196909
Robert Edwards12177574552
Justin C. McArthur11343347346
Peter Somogyi11223242450
Glenda M. Halliday11167653684
Jonathan C. Craig10887259401
Bruce Neal10856187213
Alan Cooper10874645772
Robert J. Norman10375545147
John B. Furness10359737668
Richard J. Miller10341935669
Michael J. Brownstein10227447929
Craig S. Anderson10165049331
John Chalmers9983155005
Kevin D. Hyde99138246113
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202368
2022336
20212,761
20202,320
20191,943
20181,806