Showing papers by "Florida Atlantic University published in 2004"
TL;DR: In this paper, the identification of reliable predictors of exercise adherence will allow healthcare providers to effectively intervene and change patterns of physical activity in sedentary elderly patients, because older patients respect their physician's advice and have regular contact with their family doctor, physicians can play a key and pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of exercise behavior among the older population.
973 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes a dominant pruning rule (called Rule k) that is more effective in reducing the dominating set derived from the marking process than the combination of Rules 1 and 2 and, surprisingly, in a restricted implementation with local neighborhood information, Rule k has the same communication complexity and less computation complexity.
Abstract: Efficient routing among a set of mobile hosts is one of the most important functions in ad hoc wireless networks. Routing based on a connected dominating set is a promising approach, where the search space for a route is reduced to the hosts in the set. A set is dominating if all the hosts in the system are either in the set or neighbors of hosts in the set. The efficiency of dominating-set-based routing mainly depends on the overhead introduced in the formation of the dominating set and the size of the dominating set. In this paper, we first review a localized formation of a connected dominating set called marking process and dominating-set-based routing. Then, we propose a dominant pruning rule to reduce the size of the dominating set. This dominant pruning rule (called Rule k) is a generalization of two existing rules (called Rule 1 and Rule 2, respectively). We prove that the vertex set derived by applying Rule k is still a connected dominating set. Rule k is more effective in reducing the dominating set derived from the marking process than the combination of Rules 1 and 2 and, surprisingly, in a restricted implementation with local neighborhood information, Rule k has the same communication complexity and less computation complexity. Simulation results confirm that Rule k outperforms Rules 1 and 2, especially in networks with relatively high vertex degree and high percentage of unidirectional links. We also prove that an upper bound exists on the average size of the dominating set derived from Rule k in its restricted implementation.
533 citations
Book•
16 Jul 2004TL;DR: A comparison of Energy Efficient (E2) Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, Q. Rao, R. Reuther, and D. reuther on Computational and Networking Problems in Distributed Sensor Networks.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Opportunities and Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks, M. Haenggi, Next Generation Technologies to Enable Sensor Networks, J. I. Goodman, A. I. Reuther, and D. R. Martinez Sensor Networks Management, L. B. Ruiz, J. M. Nogueira, and A. A. F. Loureiro Models for Programmability in Sensor Networks, A. Boulis Miniaturizing Sensor Networks with MEMS, Brett Warneke A Taxonomy of Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks, J. N. Al-Karaki and A. E. Kamal Artificial Perceptual Systems, A. Loutfi, M. Lindquist, and P. Wide APPLICATIONS Sensor Network Architecture and Applications, C. Shen, C. Jaikaeo, and C. Srisathapornphat, A Practical Perspective on Wireless Sensor Networks, Q. Wang, H. Hassanein, and K. Xu, Introduction to Industrial Sensor Networking, M. Sveda, P. Benes, R. Vrba, and F. Zezulka, A Sensor Networks for Biological Data Acquisition, T. Small, Z. J. Haas, A. Purgue, and K. Fristrup ARCHITECTURE Sensor Network Architecture, J. Feng, F. Koushanfar, and M. Potkonjak Tiered Architectures in Sensor Networks, M. Yarvis and W. Ye Energy Efficient Topologies for Wireless Sensor Networks, A. Salheih and L. Schwiebert, Architecture and Modeling of Dynamic Sensor Networks, S. Papavassiliou, and J. Zhu PROTOCOLS Overview of Communication Protocols for Sensor Networks, W. Su, E. Cayirci, and O. B. Akan A Communication Architecture and Programming Abstraction for Real - Time Embedded Sensor Networks, T. Abdelzaher, J. Stankovic, S. Son, B. Blum, T. He, A. Wood, and C. Lu, A Comparative Study of Energy Efficient (E2) Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, Q. Wang, and H. Hassanein TRACKING TECHNIQUES Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks, M. Cardei, and J. Wu Location Management in Wireless Sensor Networks, J. Beutel, Positioning and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks, Y. C. Tseng, C. F. Huang, and S. P. Kuo Tracking Techniques in Air Vehicle Based Decentralized Sensor Networks, M. Ridley, L. L. Ong, E. Nettleton, and S. Sukkarieh, A DATA GATHERING AND PROCESSING Fundamental Protocols to Gather Information on Wireless Sensor Networks, J. Bordim, and K. Nakano Comparison of Data Processing Techniques in Sensor Networks, V. Gonzalez, and E. Sanchis On Computational and Networking Problems in Distributed Sensor Networks, Q. Wu, N. S. V. Rao, R. R. Brooks, S. S. Iyengar, and M. Zhu Cooperative Computing in Sensor Networks, L. Iftode, C. Borcea, and P. Kang ENERGY MANAGEMENT Dynamic Power Management in Sensor Networks, A. Sinha and A. Chandrakasan Design Challenges in Energy Efficient Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks, D. Dewasurendra, A. Mishra Techniques to Reduce Computation and Communication Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks, V. Swaminathan, Y. Zou, and K. Chakrabarty Energy Aware Routing and Data Funneling in Sensor Networks, R. C. Shah, D. Petrovic, and Jan M. Rabaey SECURITY, RELIABILITY AND FAULT-TOLERANCE Security and privacy Protection in Wireless Sensor Networks, S. Slijepcevic, J. L. Wong, and M. Potkonjak A Taxonomy for Denial-of-Service Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks, A. D. Wood, and J. A. Stankovic Reliability Support in Sensor Networks, A. Lim Reliable Energy-Constrained Routing in Sensor Networks, R. Kannan, L. Ray, and S. S. Iyenger Fault-Tolerant Interval Estimation in Sensor Networks, Y. Zhu, B. Li, and Z. You Fault-Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks, F. Koushanfar, M. Potkanjak, and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN ASPECTS Low Power Design for Smart Dust Networks, Z. Karakehayou Energy Efficient Design for Distributed Sensor Networks, L. Yuan and G. Qu Wireless Sensor Networks and Computational Geometry, X. Y. Li, and Y. Wang Localized Algorithms for Sensor Networks, J. Feng, F. Koushanfar, and M. Potkonjak
530 citations
TL;DR: The results of exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis suggest that the relationship among the hypothesized antecedents and privacy concerns may be one that is more complex than is captured in the hypothesized model, in light of the strong theoretical justification for the role of information control in the extant literature on information privacy.
Abstract: This research focuses on the development and validation of an instrument to measure the privacy concerns of individuals who use the Internet and two antecedents, perceived vulnerability and perceived ability to control information. The results of exploratory factor analysis support the validity of the measures developed. In addition, the regression analysis results of a model including the three constructs provide strong support for the relationship between perceived vulnerability and privacy concerns, but only moderate support for the relationship between perceived ability to control information and privacy concerns. The latter unexpected results suggest that the relationship among the hypothesized antecedents and privacy concerns may be one that is more complex than is captured in the hypothesized model, in light of the strong theoretical justification for the role of information control in the extant literature on information privacy.
492 citations
TL;DR: In a network of neuronal oscillators with time-delayed coupling, a phenomenon of enhancement of neural synchrony by time delay is uncovered: a stable synchronized state exists at low coupling strengths for significant time delays.
Abstract: In a network of neuronal oscillators with time-delayed coupling, we uncover a phenomenon of enhancement of neural synchrony by time delay: a stable synchronized state exists at low coupling strengths for significant time delays. By formulating a master stability equation for time-delayed networks of Hindmarsh-Rose neurons, we show that there is always an extended region of stable synchronous activity corresponding to low coupling strengths. Such synchrony could be achieved in the undelayed system only by much higher coupling strengths. This phenomenon of enhanced neural synchrony by delay has important implications, in particular, in understanding synchronization of distant neurons and information processing in the brain.
457 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that collagenases bind and locally unwind the triple‐helical structure before hydrolyzing the peptide bonds and shows that MMP‐1 preferentially interacts with the α2(I) chain of type I collagen and cleaves the three α chains in succession.
Abstract: Breakdown of triple-helical interstitial collagens is essential in embryonic development, organ morphogenesis and tissue remodelling and repair. Aberrant collagenolysis may result in diseases such as arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, aneurysm and fibrosis. In vertebrates, it is initiated by collagenases belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. The three-dimensional structure of a prototypic collagenase, MMP-1, indicates that the substrate-binding site of the enzyme is too narrow to accommodate triple-helical collagen. Here we report that collagenases bind and locally unwind the triple-helical structure before hydrolyzing the peptide bonds. Mutation of the catalytically essential residue Glu200 of MMP-1 to Ala resulted in a catalytically inactive enzyme, but in its presence noncollagenolytic proteinases digested collagen into typical 3/4 and 1/4 fragments, indicating that the MMP-1(E200A) mutant unwinds the triple-helical collagen. The study also shows that MMP-1 preferentially interacts with the α2(I) chain of type I collagen and cleaves the three α chains in succession. Our results throw light on the basic mechanisms that control a wide range of biological and pathological processes associated with tissue remodelling.
439 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structural and functional weaknesses of Internet retailing are discussed and various strategies designed to improve the performance of e-tailers are explored, including e-commerce strategies.
435 citations
TL;DR: Diverse GFP-like proteins from previously undersampled and completely new sources are described, including hydromedusae and planktonic Copepoda, and a new yellow protein seems to follow exactly the same structural solution to achieving the yellow color of fluorescence as YFP, an engineered yellow-emitting mutant variant of GFP.
Abstract: Homologs of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), including the recently described GFP-like domains of certain extracellular matrix proteins in Bilaterian organisms, are remarkably similar at the protein structure level, yet they often perform totally unrelated functions, thereby warranting recognition as a superfamily. Here we describe diverse GFP-like proteins from previously undersampled and completely new sources, including hydromedusae and planktonic Copepoda. In hydromedusae, yellow and nonfluorescent purple proteins were found in addition to greens. Notably, the new yellow protein seems to follow exactly the same structural solution to achieving the yellow color of fluorescence as YFP, an engineered yellow-emitting mutant variant of GFP. The addition of these new sequences made it possible to resolve deep-level phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily. Fluorescence (most likely green) must have already existed in the common ancestor of Cnidaria and Bilateria, and therefore GFP-like proteins may be responsible for fluorescence and/or coloration in virtually any animal. At least 15 color diversification events can be inferred following the maximum parsimony principle in Cnidaria. Origination of red fluorescence and nonfluorescent purple-blue colors on several independent occasions provides a remarkable example of convergent evolution of complex features at the molecular level.
421 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested a model proposing that transformational leaders build committed and high performing work groups by enhancing employee self-efficacy and cohesiveness, and the results indicated support for the theoretical model in comparison to three alternative models that were considered.
Abstract: We tested a model proposing that transformational leaders build committed and high performing work groups by enhancing employee self‐efficacy and cohesiveness. Questionnaires were completed by 303 fire department personnel following preliminary in‐depth interviews with fire rescue personnel. After accounting for missing data, 271 responses were included in our data analysis. Results indicated support for the theoretical model in comparison to three alternative models that were considered. Implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.
408 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that significant systematic biases exist in the reporting of fund performance, and that these biases depend on the degree of accounting conservatism and the strength of the legal environment in a country, and on proxies for the degreeof information asymmetry between institutional investors and private equity fund managers.
Abstract: To obtain more funds from the institutional investors, private equity fund managers may report inflated valuations of private investee companies that are not yet sold. However, such overvaluations may result in a reputational cost when those investments are realized. Using evidence from 39 countries, we show that significant systematic biases exist in the reporting of fund performance, and that these biases depend on the degree of accounting conservatism and the strength of the legal environment in a country, and on proxies for the degree of information asymmetry between institutional investors and private equity fund managers.
398 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the phenomenon of teenagers' shopping with friends, and whether buying with friends might enhance teenagers' attitudes toward retailing and their tendency to spend more when shopping with their friends.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide evidence that clients select auditors as part of their overall disclosure strategy, and they also posit that the choice of an industry-specialist auditor signals a client's intention to provide enhanced disclosures.
Abstract: This paper provides evidence that clients select auditors as part of their overall disclosure strategy. We hypothesize that in addition to higher quality audits, industry-specialist audit firms assist clients in enhancing disclosures. We also posit that the choice of an industry-specialist auditor signals a client’s intention to provide enhanced disclosures. However, we predict that industry-specialist audit firms are less important in regulated industries where enhanced disclosures add little value. Consistent with our hypotheses, we document a positive association between industry-specialist audit firms and analysts’ rankings of disclosure quality in unregulated industries, but no relation in regulated industries.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline three features of this transformation: an increasing focus on the nature of, changes in, and the developmental impact of adolescents' relationships with significant others; the expansion and diversification of networks of significant others during adolescence; and recognition of significant interrelations among these relationships.
Abstract: In the past quarter century, research on adolescence has expanded from a near exclusive focus on intraindividual processes to a concern with individuals in an interpersonal context. Today, studies of the impact of relationships within families, with peers, and with romantic partners account for a large proportion of research in the field. This article outlines three features of this transformation: an increasing focus on the nature of, changes in, and the developmental impact of adolescents’ relationships with significant others; the expansion and diversification of networks of significant others during adolescence; and the recognition of significant interrelations among these relationships. Contemporary studies require research designs that encompass multiple significant relationships and that assess a broad range of relationship properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, Szymanski et al. examined consumer satisfaction in an online context and found that consumer satisfaction is not only a critical performance outcome, but also a primary predictor of customer loyalty and thus, the Internet retailer's endurance and success.
Bradley University1, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile2, University of Tartu3, University of Louisville4, University of Latvia5, University of New Mexico6, Slovak Academy of Sciences7, University of San Carlos8, University of Malta9, Ghent University10, Clemson University11, University of Buenos Aires12, Osaka University13, Illinois State University14, National Autonomous University of Mexico15, University of Brasília16, University of Western Australia17, University of Lima18, Boğaziçi University19, University of Kassel20, University of York21, University of Queensland22, Åbo Akademi University23, Al Akhawayn University24, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur25, University of Hawaii at Manoa26, University of Catania27, University of Otago28, University of Dhaka29, Chemnitz University of Technology30, Knox College31, Comenius University in Bratislava32, University of Rijeka33, University of Malaya34, Vilnius University35, American University of Beirut36, Kwangju Health College37, University of Salzburg38, Utrecht University39, National Computerization Agency40, City University of Hong Kong41, University of Idaho42, University of Zimbabwe43, University of Lisbon44, University of Central Lancashire45, Loyola Marymount University46, University of Natal47, University of Granada48, University of Botswana49, University of Jordan50, Babeș-Bolyai University51, University of Cyprus52, University of Belgrade53, KPMG54, University of Montpellier55, University of Zurich56, University of Alabama57, Baylor University58, Queen's University Belfast59, University of Ljubljana60, University of Haifa61, University of La Serena62, Florida Atlantic University63, University of California, Davis64, University of Dar es Salaam65, Ramapo College66, Cyprus College67, Middle East Technical University68, University of the South Pacific69, VU University Amsterdam70, State University of New York System71, University of the Aegean72, Vrije Universiteit Brussel73, University of Lethbridge74, University of Vienna75, University of Hong Kong76, Yuan Ze University77, Charles University in Prague78, Chonnam National University79
TL;DR: In the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the RelationshipQuestionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completedthe RelationshipQuestionnaire(RQ), a self-reportmeasure of adult romanticattachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies.
TL;DR: AGILE-BOLTZTRAN as mentioned in this paper solves the Boltzmann transport equation for the angular and spectral neutrino distribution functions in self-consistent simulations of stellar core collapse and postbounce evolution.
Abstract: We present an implicit finite difference representation for general relativistic radiation hydrodynamics in spherical symmetry. Our code, AGILE-BOLTZTRAN, solves the Boltzmann transport equation for the angular and spectral neutrino distribution functions in self-consistent simulations of stellar core collapse and postbounce evolution. It implements a dynamically adaptive grid in comoving coordinates. A comoving frame in the momentum phase space facilitates the evaluation and tabulation of neutrino-matter interaction cross sections but produces a multitude of observer corrections in the transport equation. Most macroscopically interesting physical quantities are defined by expectation values of the distribution function. We optimize the finite differencing of the microscopic transport equation for a consistent evolution of important expectation values. We test our code in simulations launched from progenitor stars with 13 solar masses and 40 solar masses. Half a second after core collapse and bounce, the protoneutron star in the latter case reaches its maximum mass and collapses further to form a black hole. When the hydrostatic gravitational contraction sets in, we find a transient increase in electron flavor neutrino luminosities due to a change in the accretion rate. The μ- and τ-neutrino luminosities and rms energies, however, continue to rise because previously shock-heated material with a nondegenerate electron gas starts to replace the cool degenerate material at their production site. We demonstrate this by supplementing the concept of neutrinospheres with a more detailed statistical description of the origin of escaping neutrinos. Adhering to our tradition, we compare the evolution of the 13 M⊙ progenitor star to corresponding simulations with the multigroup flux-limited diffusion approximation, based on a recently developed flux limiter. We find similar results in the postbounce phase and validate this MGFLD approach for the spherically symmetric case with standard input physics.
TL;DR: These findings support a predominant role for stimulus-evoked activity in sensory ERP generation, and outline both logic and methodology necessary for differentiating evoked and phase resetting contributions to cognitive and motor ERPs in future studies.
Abstract: Event-related potentials (ERPs) provide a critical link between the hemodynamic response, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, and the dynamics of the underlying neuronal activity. Single-trial ERP recordings capture the oscillatory activity that are hypothesized to underlie both communication between brain regions and amplified processing of behaviorally relevant stimuli. However, precise interpretations of ERPs are precluded by uncertainty about their neural mechanisms. One influential theory holds that averaged sensory ERPs are generated by partial phase resetting of ongoing electroencephalographic oscillations, while another states that ERPs result from stimulus-evoked neural responses. We formulated critical predictions of each theory and tested these using direct, intracortical analyses of neural activity in monkeys. Our findings support a predominant role for stimulus-evoked activity in sensory ERP generation, and they outline both logic and methodology necessary for differentiating evoked and phase resetting contributions to cognitive and motor ERPs in future studies.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that developmental mechanisms underlie intuitive accounts of dead agents' minds, and that older children and adults were likely to attribute epistemic, emotional, and desire states to dead agents.
Abstract: Participants were interviewed about the biological and psychological functioning of a dead agent. In Experiment 1, even 4- to 6-year-olds stated that biological processes ceased at death, although this trend was more apparent among 6- to 8-year-olds. In Experiment 2, 4- to 12-year-olds were asked about psychological functioning. The youngest children were equally likely to state that both cognitive and psychobiological states continued at death, whereas the oldest children were more likely to state that cognitive states continued. In Experiment 3, children and adults were asked about an array of psychological states. With the exception of preschoolers, who did not differentiate most of the psychological states, older children and adults were likely to attribute epistemic, emotional, and desire states to dead agents. These findings suggest that developmental mechanisms underlie intuitive accounts of dead agents' minds.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use intraday data to examine whether traders herd during periods of extreme market movements using sector Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) using two procedures, one based on identifying extreme up market and down market periods and the other based on incorporating a nonlinear term in a regression specification, are used to identify the possibility of the existence of herding behavior in nine sector ETFs traded on the American Stock Exchange.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of transformational leadership and mentoring over each other for job satisfaction and career expectations of MBAs, and found that career mentoring by non-supervisory mentors was not associated with career expectations but there were incremental effects with idealized influence and inspirational motivation.
TL;DR: Results indicate that high levels of customer orientation lead to a set of managerial beliefs that are collaborative and integrative that support a high level of time-based manufacturing practice, which leads to high performance.
Abstract: Firms are utilizing an array of manufacturing practices in their quest for survival and success in the marketplace. The implementation of those practices has not always resulted in success stories as the focus had been mostly on technical issues, with little concern for “soft issues.” For example, the enabling role of organizational culture has often been ignored. Using Schein's conceptualization of culture as underlying assumptions, espoused values, and artifacts, we examine a framework that relates culture and manufacturing practices to performance. The underlying assumption of customer orientation is posited to affect espoused values such as beliefs on investing in facilities and equipment to leverage intellectual work and to promote creativity, beliefs on working with others, beliefs on making decisions that are global, beliefs on management control, and beliefs on integrating with suppliers. The espoused values are hypothesized to affect visible attributes of culture (behaviors) such as time-based manufacturing practices, which firms are employing for competitive advantage. A sample of 224 firms is used for developing research instruments and testing the hypothesized relationships advanced. Results indicate that high levels of customer orientation lead to a set of managerial beliefs that are collaborative and integrative. In turn, certain espoused values support a high level of time-based manufacturing practice, which leads to high performance.
TL;DR: Field observations support that the prevalence of the disease is associated with heavily polluted coastal areas, areas of high human density, agricultural runoff, and/or biotoxin-producing algae.
Abstract: Marine turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a disease primarily affecting green turtles (Chelonia mydas) that is characterized by multiple cutaneous masses. In addition, the condition has been confirmed in other species of sea turtles. The disease has a worldwide, circumtropical distribution and has been observed in all major oceans. Although reported since the late 1930s in Florida, it was not until the late 1980s that it reached epizootic proportions in several sea turtle populations. Long-term studies have shown that pelagic turtles recruiting to near shore environments are free of the disease. After exposure to these benthic ecosystems, FP manifests itself with primary growths in the corner of the eyes spreading to other epithelial tissue. One or more herpesviruses, a papillomavirus, and a retrovirus have been found associated with tumors using electron microscopy and molecular techniques; however, the primary etiological agent remains to be isolated and characterized. Field observations support that the prevalence of the disease is associated with heavily polluted coastal areas, areas of high human density, agricultural runoff, and/or biotoxin-producing algae. Marine turtles can serve as excellent sentinels of ecosystem health in these benthic environments. FP can possibly be used as an indicator but correlations with physical and chemical characteristics of water and other factors need to be made. Further research in identifying the etiologic agent and its association with other environmental variables can provide sufficient parameters to measure the health of coastal marine ecosystems, which serve not only as ecotourism spots but also as primary feeding areas for sea turtles.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the impact of cross-country differences in legality, including legal origin and accounting standards, on the governance structure of investments in the VC industry: better laws facilitate faster deal screening and deal origination, a higher probability of syndication and a lower probability of potentially harmful co-investment, and facilitate investor board representation of the investor.
Abstract: We analyze governance with a new dataset on investments of venture capitalists in 3848 portfolio firms in 39 countries from North and South America, Europe and Asia spanning 1971-2003. We provide evidence that cross-country differences in legality, including legal origin and accounting standards, have a significant impact on the governance structure of investments in the VC industry: better laws facilitate faster deal screening and deal origination, a higher probability of syndication and a lower probability of potentially harmful co-investment, and facilitate investor board representation of the investor and the use of securities that do not require periodic cash flows prior to exit. We also show country-specific differences exist apart from legal and economic development.
TL;DR: The results suggest that synchronization of spike-burst activity is a multi-time-scale phenomenon and burst synchrony is a precursor to spike synchrony.
Abstract: Certain cells in the brain, for example, thalamic neurons during sleep, show spike-burst activity. We study such spike-burst neural activity and the transitions to a synchronized state using a model of coupled bursting neurons. In an electrically coupled network, we show that the increase of coupling strength increases incoherence first and then induces two different transitions to synchronized states, one associated with bursts and the other with spikes. These sequential transitions to synchronized states are determined by the zero crossings of the maximum transverse Lyapunov exponents. These results suggest that synchronization of spike-burst activity is a multi-time-scale phenomenon and burst synchrony is a precursor to spike synchrony.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that complex formation with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is unique for cathepsin K among human papain-like cysteine proteases and that different GAGs compete for the binding to cathePSin K, suggesting a novel mechanism for the regulation of matrix protein degradation by G AGs.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the hippocampus receives two main types of input: theta rhythm from ascending brain stem- diencephaloseptal systems and information bearing mainly from thalamocortical/cortical systems.
Abstract: The theta rhythm is the largest extracellular synchronous signal that can be recorded from the mammalian brain and has been strongly implicated in mnemonic processes of the hippocampus. We describe (a) ascending brain stem–forebrain systems involved in controlling theta and nontheta (desynchronization) states of the hippocampal electroencephalogram; (b) theta rhythmically discharging cells in several structures of Papez's circuit and their possible functional significance, specifically with respect to head direction cells in this same circuit; and (c) the role of nucleus reuniens of the thalamus as a major interface between the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and as a prominent source of afferent limbic information to the hippocampus. We suggest that the hippocampus receives two main types of input: theta rhythm from ascending brain stem– diencephaloseptal systems and information bearing mainly from thalamocortical/cortical systems. The temporal convergence of activity of these two systems result...
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated suite of algorithms, statistical methods, and computer applications is developed to support large-scale LC-MS-based gel-free shotgun profiling of complex protein mixtures using basic experimental procedures.
TL;DR: Oil, W, and P each acutely inhibited in vitro proliferation of LNCaP, PC-3, and DU 145 human cancer cell lines, and these effects were mediated by changes in both cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis.
Abstract: We completed a multicenter study of the effects of pomegranate cold-pressed (Oil) or supercritical CO2-extracted (S) seed oil, fermented juice polyphenols (W), and pericarp polyphenols (P) on human prostate cancer cell xenograft growth in vivo, and/or proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, gene expression, and invasion across Matrigel, in vitro. Oil, W, and P each acutely inhibited in vitro proliferation of LNCaP, PC-3, and DU 145 human cancer cell lines. The dose of P required to inhibit cell proliferation of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP by 50% (ED50) was 70 mg/mL, whereas normal prostate epithelial cells (hPrEC) were significantly less affected (ED50 5 250 mg/mL). These effects were mediated by changes in both cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis. For example, the androgen-independent cell line DU 145 showed a significant increase from 11% to 22% in G2/M cells (P , .05) by treatment with Oil (35 µg/mL) with a modest induction of apoptosis. In other cell lines/treatments,...
TL;DR: The combination of low gender typicality with high felt pressure was especially conducive to internalizing problems, underscoring the importance of the cognitive organization of the gender identity variables.
Abstract: This study examined influences of gender identity on change in preadolescents' adjustment over time. In each of two successive years, three measures of gender identity (felt gender typicality, contentment with gender assignment, and felt pressure for gender conformity) and four measures of adjustment (self-esteem, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and acceptance by peers) were collected. Low gender typicality, low gender contentedness, and high felt pressure all foreshadowed deterioration on one or more indexes of adjustment. The combination of low gender typicality with high felt pressure was especially conducive to internalizing problems, underscoring the importance of the cognitive organization of the gender identity variables. The advantages of a multidimensional perspective on gender identity are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the role of two price segmentation tactics and assess their effects on consumer perceptions of trust, fairness of the price differences, and repurchase intentions using two studies.